抓斗起重機(jī)運(yùn)用先進(jìn)的可編程控制技術(shù)
Abstract
The paper mainly researches the application of advanced PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), transducer, and absolute encoder in the grab bucket crane, which takes the place of the traditional mode of the electric control and aims to improve the work efficiency of grab bucket crane and decrease its failure rate. These applications will bring a lot of advantages, such as lower maintenance costs, lower workload of maintenance, and easily to be manipulated etc. It is also achieved to be semi-automatic operation to reduce the risk of man-made operation accident with the effects of reliable running and energy-saving.
The paper primarily focuses on the principle of automatic open / close grab of grab bucket crane and proposes the principle and physical significance of the moving coordinate method. It is practical that the applied absolute encoder automatically follows the lifting and landing of grab bucket and measures the length difference value of steel wire rope to achieve the function of its automatic opening or closing and stable grabbing. According to the usual failures during the practical application of grab bucket crane, the failure display is also developed to be applied to the crane.
The paper consists of four parts:
The first part (Chapter one: Introduction) mainly describes the working principle of grab bucket crane, focusing on the problems of crane controlled in the traditional method, and further exploring the feasibility for intelligent implementation of grab bucket crane.
The second part (Chapter 2, 3, 4) describes the configuration and functional principles of PLC, transducer and encoder. It also makes a theoretical analysis for the selection of PLC, transducer and encoder, which lays a theoretical foundation for the realization of the intelligent operation of grab bucket crane in the following chapter.
The third part (Chapter 5) researches the specific schemes for intelligent implementation of grab bucket crane, such as heavy trolley, light trolley, controller configuration, PLC, transducer, electric connection of absolute encoder, working principle etc. It explicitly explained the principle of automatic open/ close grabbing of crane and the implementation of stable grabbing. It also introduces the realization principle to substitute the limit position of ascending with the utility of encoder.
The fourth part (Chapter 6) mainly introduces soft structure of intelligent operation and PLC configuration of gab bucket crane. The software program of heavy trolley, light trolley, and switching & hoisting mechanism is also composed in the paper.
In the end, it is summarized for the whole research and makes an outlook for the future research.
Key words: crane, PLC, transducer, absolute encoder, automatic opening /closing grab failure display.
摘 要
本論文主要研究抓斗起重機(jī)運(yùn)用先進(jìn)的可編程控制技術(shù)、變頻器和絕對(duì)值編碼器，取代傳統(tǒng)的電氣控制方式，提高抓斗起重機(jī)的工作效率，減小抓斗起重機(jī)的故障率，降低維修費(fèi)用，使維修工作量大大減少，操作變得簡(jiǎn)單，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)半自動(dòng)化操作，減少人為的'操作事故，運(yùn)行可靠，具有節(jié)能效果。
本論文著重研究抓斗起重機(jī)自動(dòng)開(kāi)閉斗的原理，提出游動(dòng)坐標(biāo)法的原理及物理意義，利用絕對(duì)值編碼器自動(dòng)跟蹤檢測(cè)抓斗起升、開(kāi)閉鋼絲繩的長(zhǎng)度差值，實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)開(kāi)閉、沉抓的功能，具有實(shí)用價(jià)值。并根據(jù)抓斗起重機(jī)實(shí)際運(yùn)用中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的故障，開(kāi)發(fā)出故障顯示功能。
本論文分成四個(gè)部分：
第一部分（第一章）緒論部分主要對(duì)抓斗起重機(jī)工作原理作了介紹，著重介紹了抓斗起重機(jī)傳統(tǒng)控制方式存在的問(wèn)題，進(jìn)而探討了實(shí)現(xiàn)抓斗起重機(jī)智能操作的研究可能性和研究意義。
第二部分（第二、三、四章）分別對(duì)可編程控制器（PLC），變頻器、絕對(duì)值編碼器的組成、功能各原理作了介紹，以及PLC、變頻器、編碼器的選型作了理論上的分析，為下文抓斗起重機(jī)智能化控制的實(shí)現(xiàn)打下了理論基礎(chǔ)。
第三部分(第五章)研究抓斗起重機(jī)智能控制的具體實(shí)現(xiàn)方案，大車、小車，起升開(kāi)閉機(jī)構(gòu)PLC、變頻器、絕對(duì)值編碼器的電氣連接、工作原理。特別詳細(xì)闡述了抓斗實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)開(kāi)閉斗的原理，以及抓斗自動(dòng)沉抓功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)。還介紹了用編碼器取代上升極限位的實(shí)現(xiàn)原理。
第四部分（第六章）主要介紹抓斗起重機(jī)智能控制的軟件結(jié)構(gòu)，PLC組態(tài)、還詳細(xì)寫出大車、小車、起升開(kāi)閉機(jī)構(gòu)的軟件程序。
最后對(duì)整個(gè)研究作一總結(jié)，并且對(duì)今后的研究方向作了展望
關(guān)鍵詞：起重機(jī)、可編程控制器、變頻器、絕對(duì)值編碼器、自動(dòng)開(kāi)閉斗、故障顯示
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