英語畢業(yè)論文參考文獻的正文注釋格式范文
英語畢業(yè)論文參考文獻的正文注釋格式范文
英語畢業(yè)論文參考文獻注釋格式范文
英語畢業(yè)論文參考文獻注釋格式范文
正文中的注釋和參考文獻是論文格式最為重要的部分,請論文作者逐條仔細閱讀。建議先做好參考文獻格式,再對照格式要求作夾注。
分腳注和夾注兩種,。
1)腳注
正文內容如有需作出特別說明或解釋之處以腳注的形式處理,編號格式設置為“○1,○2,○3…”,編號方式設置為“每頁重新編號”,腳注會自動出現在當頁正文下。字體采用默認值(小五號)。
2)夾注
對論文中的直接引用或間接引用部分所依據的文獻以夾注的形式標出。夾注可以采用以下幾種形式:
作者姓氏未在引文中出現,則夾注用括號標出作者姓氏,空一格字母再標出引文頁碼。為避免不必要的麻煩,中文作者用全名。
引用一位作者
“Time is no longer felt as an objective, causal progression with clearly marked-out differences between periods…” (Frank 20)
As the British novelist-critic Christine Brooke-Rose has put it, the novelists now have nothing new to tell since what should be told have been told altogether (Yin Qiping 33-35) .
引用兩位作者
Medieval Europe was a place both of “raids, pillages, slavery, and extortion” and of “traveling merchants, monetary exchange, towns if not cities, and active markets in gain” (Townsend & Waugh 10-16).
作者有三個以上,
則在第一位作者的姓氏后寫上et al.以示其余姓氏的省略,或列上全部姓氏,夾注中的形式應與參考文獻中的形式保持一致。
Modern Literary studies have their origin in classic studies (Graff et al. 19-35).
Modern Literary studies have their origin in classic studies (Graff, Goldberger, & Tarule 15-20).
同姓作者
還需加名的開頭字母予以區(qū)分,如:
Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer children (R. Miller 12), others note that the advantages for medical research outweigh this consideration (A. Miller 46).
文本中不指名列舉持某一觀點的作者
Others hold the opposite point of view (e.g., Jakobson 9;Waugh 34)
作者姓氏在引文中出現,則只需用括號標出引文頁碼
Graff defines his recent book, Professing Literature, as “a history of academic literary studies in the United States” (10).
如在引文中提及整個文獻及作者姓氏(不必夾注,但參考文獻中要注明相關出版信息)
Slade’s revision of Form and Style incorporates changes made in the 1995 edition of the MLA Handbook.
集體作者如果組織名稱太長,第一次提及時可采用全稱后加注縮略
The annual report revealed substantial progress in fundraising (American Museum of Natural History 12, hereafter AMNH).
以后直接用縮略形式做夾注
The report surveys the major problems in fundraising (AMNH 15).
引用多卷本中的一卷
Between the years 1945 and 1972, the political party system in the United States underwent profound changes (Schlesinger, vol. 4).
Schlesinger pointed out the profound changes the political party system in the United States underwent between 1945 and 1972 (4: 98-104).
引文出自同一作者的不同文獻
引用同一作者的兩篇以上的文獻, 可以分別以文獻名全名(如果文獻全名簡短的話)或文獻名的縮略形式(如果文獻全名較長的話)注釋。
文本中未出現引文作者姓氏,也未出現文獻名的,夾注用括號標出作者姓氏,姓氏后加逗號,空一格字母標出帶下劃線的該作者的書名,書名后空一格字母標出引文頁碼,如:
Shakespeare’s King Lear has been called a “comedy of the grotesque” (Frye, The Anatomy of Criticism 237).
文本中出現作者姓氏的,夾注用括號標出帶下劃線的該作者的書名,空一格字母再標出引文頁碼,如:
Shaughnessy points out that “the beginning writer does not know how writers behave” (Errors 79).
若引文出自雜志,則把文章名放在雙引號內,空一格字母再標出引文頁碼,如:
Teachers applauded Shaughnessy’s assertion that “teaching them [beginning writers] to write well is not only suitable but challenging work for those who would be teachers and scholars in a democracy” (“Diving In” 68).
文本中既出現作者姓氏又出現該作者的書名或文章名,則只需標出引文頁碼
In The Age of Voltaire, the Durants portray eighteenth-century England as a minor force in the world of music and art (214-48).
一個夾注中涉及一篇以上文獻
(Lauter 34; Crane 98)
...as has been discussed elsewhere (Burke 3; Dewey 21).
轉引
Edmund Burke was an “extraordinary man” (Johnson qtd. in Boswell 2: 450)
Samuel Johnson admitted that Edmund Burke was an “extraordinary man” (qtd. in Boswell 2: 450)
引文來自于中文作者(對“孔子”等已有英文譯名的必須使用標準譯名,如Confucius 33; Mencius 22-25)
(Hu Zhuanglin 33)
(Zhu Xianzhi & Lin Chongde 89)
(Xu Guozhang et al. 33-35)
(Confucius 33)
短引文 (四行以內或詩歌三行以內)
引文須加雙引號,括號內提供作者、頁碼(詩歌的話提供詩行)信息,標點符號在括號之后。如果問號、感嘆號若是引文的一部分,則須放在引言內,否則,也放在括號之后。
According to some, dreams express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184), though others disagree.
According to Foulkes's study, dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (184).
Is it possible that dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184)?
詩行與詩行之間用“/”隔開,如:
Cullen concludes, "Of all the things that happened there/ That's all I remember" (11-12).
長引文
如果引文較長,超過4行,擬另起一行,不加引號,左邊縮進10個英文字母, 夾注緊隨引文末尾,句點應放在引用括號之前。
At the conclusion of Lord of the Flies, Ralph and the other boys realize the horror of their actions:
The tears began to flow and sobs shook him. He gave himself up to them now for the first time on the island; great, shuddering spasms of grief that seemed to wrench his whole body. His voice rose under the black smoke before the burning wreckage of the island; and infected by that emotion, the other little boys began to shake and sob too. (186)
引文為兩段或兩段以上,或引文來自詩歌,或引文來自劇本,或引文附帶譯文,詳細說明分別參考《MLA科研論文寫作規(guī)范》82頁;83-84頁;85頁;93頁。注意引文來自詩歌等韻文時,可以篇次和行次代替夾注中的頁碼;引文來自劇本等文獻時,以幕次、場次和行次代替頁碼。
引文中的添加與省略
在添加的詞兩頭加“[ ]”。
Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states: “some individuals [who retell urban legends] make a point of learning every rumor or tale” (78).
在省略的此處用省略號“…”代替,省略號前后各空一字母。
In an essay on urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that “some individuals make a point of learning every recent rumor or tale ... and in a short time a lively exchange of details occurs” (78).
詞典詞條
將詞條在雙引號中列出,后加 “def.”,空一字母后再加頁碼。
According to The Random House Dictionary of the English Language, “study” means “application of the mind to the acquisition of knowledge, as by reading, investigation, or reflection” (“Study,” def. 1888).
5. 關于參考文獻
說明:
1)參考文獻部分以Times New Roman小四號正體加粗居中標明“Works Cited”列在正文后(或尾注后),另頁書寫。“Works Cited”與第一個參考文獻之間空一行。不得羅列同正文沒有直接關系的文獻,參考文獻條目與引文夾注要對應。外文文獻排列在前,以姓氏的首字母為序排列,中文文獻排列在后,以姓氏的拼音為序排列。每條文獻頂格寫,回行時英文空5個字母,中文空兩格。
2) 建議論文作者多使用英文原版圖書和學術期刊文獻。引用英文原版圖書和學術期刊文獻至少2本(篇)以上。
4)主要作者(編者、譯者)采用姓在前,名在后的形式,作者姓與名之間用逗號分隔(中文姓名不用分隔);2人以內全部寫上,第2 者起姓名按正常順序,兩個主要作者(編者、譯者)之間英語的加“&”、中文的加 “、”三個主要作者(編者、譯者)以上只寫第一人再加“et al.”或“等”(中文)。
5)英文圖書、期刊、報紙一律使用斜體,如果圖書中包含作品名,作品名使用正體。例如:
Parkes, Adam. Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day. New York & London: Continuum, 2001.
6)中文圖書等采用漢英對照形式,以便正文中統(tǒng)一按照英文模式(格式同英文文獻)做夾注,列中文圖書、期刊、報紙一律使用書名號,作者與作者之間用“、”號,英語文獻中的句點在中文文獻中用宋體字體下的逗號代替、冒號也要是宋體字體下的冒號,且漢字之間或標點與漢字之間沒有空格。中文文獻的英文模式須加“[ ]”,下面參考文獻格式不再贅述。例如:
王守仁、方杰,《英國文學簡史》,上海:上海外語教育出版社,2006年。
[Wang Shouren & Fang Jie. A Concise History of English Literature. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006.]
7)除了版本研究(如翻譯版本對照研究)之外,不宜將同一本書的英文版本和中文版本同時列為參考文獻。英語文學論文作者必須使用所研究作品的英文版本。
8) 非單行本短篇小說一般應參照文章格式處理,例如:
Joyce, James. “Araby.” Dubliners. London: Penguin, 1967.
更多論文參考文獻相關文章請訪問:參考文獻頻道
【英語畢業(yè)論文參考文獻的正文注釋格式】相關文章:
電大畢業(yè)論文正文格式簡要12-06
英語論文正文格式12-09
畢業(yè)論文正文內容格式要求11-19
畢業(yè)論文參考文獻的標準格式11-30
畢業(yè)論文參考文獻格式及范文06-17
畢業(yè)論文參考文獻格式標準12-02
畢業(yè)論文參考文獻格式要求03-25
- 相關推薦