散文巷英譯賞析

　　巷，是城市建筑藝術(shù)中一篇飄逸恬靜的散文，一幅古雅沖淡的圖畫。下面是小編分享的英譯散文巷賞析，歡迎大家閱讀!

　　巷

　　The Lane

　　柯靈

　　Ke ling

　　巷，是城市建筑藝術(shù)中一篇飄逸恬靜的散文，一幅古雅沖淡的圖畫。

　　The lane, in terms of the art of urban architecture, is like a piece of prose of gentle gracefulness or a painting of classic elegance and simplicity.

　　要點(diǎn)：

　　1，“飄逸恬靜”譯為gentle gracefulness，把原文兩個(gè)并列形容詞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橛⒄Z“定語+抽象名詞”的形式，內(nèi)容不變。這是文學(xué)翻譯時(shí)常用方法。

　　2，“古雅沖淡的圖畫“意即”優(yōu)雅簡單的古畫“譯為a painting of classic elegance and simplicity

　　這種巷，常在江南的小城市中(2)，有如古代的少女，躲在僻靜的深閨，輕易不肯拋頭露面。你要在這種城市里住久了，和它真正成了莫逆，你才有機(jī)會(huì)看見她，接觸到她優(yōu)嫻貞靜的風(fēng)度。它不是鄉(xiāng)村的陋巷(3)，湫隘破敗(4)，泥濘坎坷，雜草亂生，兩旁還排列著錯(cuò)落的糞缸。

　　Often tucked away in a small town south of the Yangtze river, the lane, like a maiden of ancient times hidden away in a secluded boudoir, is reluctant to make its appearance in public. You’ll never have an opportunity to see it and savour its gentle poise until you have become truly attached to the small town after living there for a long time. The lane has nothing in common with the mean rural alleys, which are narrow and low-lying, muddy and bumpy, overgrown with wild weeds and lined here and there with manure vats .

　　要點(diǎn)：

　　1，“常在河南的小城市中”譯為often tucked away in a small town south of the yangtse river，其中動(dòng)詞短語to tuck away作“使隱藏”、“把……置放在隱蔽的地方”解，是添加成 分，原文雖無其詞而有其意。

　　2，“有如古代的少女，躲在僻靜的深閨，輕易不肯拋頭露面。”譯為the lane, like a maiden of ancient times hidden away in a secluded boudoir, is reluctant to make its appearance in public.這個(gè)分句又粗線了兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞，“躲在…“是次要?jiǎng)釉~，譯文將其處理為后置定語，將”不肯…”譯為主要?jiǎng)釉~~

　　3，“它不是鄉(xiāng)村的陋巷”意即“它和鄉(xiāng)村的陋巷不同”，因此全句譯為the lane has nothing in common with the mean rural alleys，其中成語in common的意思是“共同”。大家可以看到文學(xué)翻譯中對(duì)于一些常見詞的翻譯都很靈活，比如這個(gè)“不是”，在不同語境中的處理是不一樣的

　　如：“哲學(xué)不是知識(shí)”可以譯為=philosophy does not pretend to be knowledge.

　　“哲學(xué)不是幾何學(xué)“=philosophy dissimilar to geometry.

　　“哲學(xué)不是科學(xué)技術(shù)“=philosophy does not work the way that science and technology do

　　4, “湫隘破敗”意即”低洼矮小，衰落破敗“譯為narrow and low-lying，未交代“破敗”，因它的意思已包含在句中“陋”、“坎坷”等形容詞中。但如照譯不誤，也無不可：narrow, low-lying and in bad condition (out of repair)。

　　5，“泥濘坎坷“還好說~有現(xiàn)成的詞可以用，”雜草亂生“可譯為outgrown with weeds，而”兩旁還排列著錯(cuò)落的糞缸“時(shí)，注意轉(zhuǎn)為被動(dòng)，譯為lined here and there with manure vats .

　　它不是上海的里弄，鱗次櫛比的人家，擁擠得喘不過氣;小販憧憧來往，黝暗的小門邊，不時(shí)走出一些趿著拖鞋的女子，頭發(fā)亂似臨風(fēng)飛舞的秋蓬，眼睛里網(wǎng)滿紅絲，臉上殘留著不調(diào)和的隔夜脂粉，頹然地走到老虎灶上去提水。也不像北地的胡同，滿目塵土，風(fēng)起處刮著彌天的黃沙。

　　Nor has it anything in common with linong (meaning alleys) in Shanghai, which are literally packed with dwellings and their residents. Over there, you’ll see vendors hawking their wares here and there. From time to time, women are seen emerging from inside some dingy small gates and shuffling languidly in their slippers towards a laohuzao, the shop specializing in selling boiled water, their hair disheveled like wind-blown withered grass in autumn, their eyes blood-shot, their faces betraying traces of overnight make-up. Nor has the lane anything in common with hutong (also meaning alleys) in north china, which are dusty on every side, especially when a wind rises.

　　要點(diǎn)：1，“它不是上海的里弄”譯為Nor has it anything in common with linong (meaning alleys) in Shanghai.同志們~nor開頭有木有似曾相識(shí)的趕腳~對(duì)!整個(gè)一段就是一個(gè)大寫的“否定詞+nor 結(jié)構(gòu)”啊~我含辛茹苦地說了那么多期

　　2，“鱗次櫛比的人家，擁擠得喘不過氣”譯為which are literally packed with dwellings and their residents.，因?yàn)?ldquo;鱗次櫛比”本身就是“形容房屋密集”的意思，所以用一be pack with(表擠滿，塞滿)處理足以~避免意思重復(fù)

　　3，譯文中的over there，屬于增譯，承載著新信息到舊信息的過渡，使得新主語“小販”的出現(xiàn)顯得不那么突兀。下文from time to time也是為了新主語“女子”的出現(xiàn)起到緩沖的作用，使語篇連貫更為自然~

　　4,，“不時(shí)走出一些趿著拖鞋的女子”這里的“走”譯為shuffle(拖著腳走)，又體現(xiàn)了文學(xué)翻譯中對(duì)于小詞的運(yùn)用~以下是常見的各種“走”：

　　Stagger(蹣跚), plod(重步走), pace(踱步), loiter(閑逛), stride(大步走), strut(昂首闊步), ramble(漫步), lurk(潛伏), creep(爬行), stroll(閑逛), trudge(艱難地走), lurch(搖擺不定地走), limp(跛行), crawl(爬), rush (快步走)

　　好好記住這些詞，下文還會(huì)用上噠~這些小詞對(duì)翻譯寫作和閱讀都有幫助~

　　4, “頭發(fā)亂似臨風(fēng)飛舞的秋蓬”中的“蓬”是一種草，即“蓬蒿”，秋時(shí)干枯，臨風(fēng)飛舞，現(xiàn)將此句譯為“disheveled like wind-blown withered grass in autumn.而“頹然”意即“沒精打采”或“慢吞吞”譯為languidly sluggishly.

　　5，本段中的“里弄“”胡同“都是中國才有的東西，一般采用音譯法，在之后加注或者在文中直接給予解釋，這點(diǎn)在《中年人的寂寞》等文中也有體現(xiàn)~

　　這種小巷，隔絕了市廛的紅塵，卻又不是鄉(xiāng)村的風(fēng)味。它又深又長，一個(gè)人耐心靜靜走去，要老半天才走完。它又這么曲折，你望前面，好像已經(jīng)堵塞了(7)，可是走過去，一轉(zhuǎn)彎，依然是巷陌深深，而且更加幽靜。那里常是寂寂的，寂寂的(8)，不論什么時(shí)候，你向巷中踅去，都如寧靜的黃昏，可以清晰地聽到自己的足音。

　　The lane, though cut off from the hustle and bustle of busy cities, does not taste of the countryside at all. It is long and deep, so it will take you a long while to walk patiently and quietly through it from end to end. It is also so winding that it seems to be a blind alley when you look far ahead, but if you keep walking until you take a turning, you’ll find it again lying endless and still more quiet. There is nothing but stillness there. At any hour of day, you can even distinctly hear in the dusk-like quiet your own footsteps.

　　要點(diǎn)：

　　1，“市廛”即“市區(qū)”，“紅塵”即“繁華的社會(huì)”因此譯為the hustle and bustle of busy cities，增加了譯文的音韻之美~

　　2，“它又這么曲折，你望前面，好像已經(jīng)堵塞了，可是走過去，一轉(zhuǎn)彎，依然是巷陌深深，而且更加幽靜。”第 一 句 主 是 是 “ 它 ( 巷 ) ”， 第 二 句主語是 “ 一個(gè)人 ”，雖然并未寫出來，但是意義不言自明。譯文采用 “ y o u ” 來轉(zhuǎn)換主語，。譯為It is also so winding that it seems to be a blind alley when you look far ahead(把“人“和”巷“聯(lián)系), but if you(轉(zhuǎn)換主語咯~) keep walking until you take a turning, you’ll find it again lying endless and still more quiet.

　　3，動(dòng)詞lying 使巷子具有動(dòng)態(tài)的美感，lying endless ，兩個(gè)詞放在一起，仿佛讓人看到,一條無限延伸的巷子

　　4，“好像已經(jīng)堵塞了“意即”好像是死胡同“故譯為it seems to be a blind alley

　　5, “那里常是寂寂的，寂寂的”語氣強(qiáng)調(diào)，譯為There is nothing but stillness there(nothing but此處表強(qiáng)調(diào)哦)

　　6，本段仍舊有一些不太好理解的詞語，例如“巷陌深深“形容巷子長”，踅去“意為”走去“，這些都是要考平時(shí)積累的，平時(shí)多讀名家名作對(duì)于翻譯這類文章有巨大幫助~

　　不高不矮的圍墻擋在兩邊，斑斑駁駁的苔痕，墻上掛著一串串蒼翠欲滴的藤蘿，簡直像古樸的屏風(fēng)。墻里常是人家的竹園，修竹森森，天籟細(xì)細(xì)(9);春來時(shí)還常有幾枝嬌艷的桃花杏花，娉娉婷婷，從墻頭殷勤地?fù)u曳紅袖，向行人招手。走過幾家墻門，都是緊緊關(guān)著，不見一個(gè)人影，因?yàn)槟嵌际侨思业暮箝T。偶然躺著一只狗，但是決不會(huì)對(duì)你狺狺地狂吠。

　　On either side of the lane stand enclosing walls of medium height, which, moss-covered and hung with clusters of fresh green wisteria, look almost like screens of primitive simplicity. Inside the walls are residents’ gardens with dense groves of tall bamboos as well as soft sounds of nature. In spring, beautiful peach and apricot blossoms atop the walls, like graceful girls waving their red sleeves, will sway hospitably to beckon the pedestrians. You’ll find the doors in the walls close shut without a soul in sight because they are back doors to some households. Occasionally, you may come upon a dog lying there, which, however, never gives a bark at you.

　　要點(diǎn)：

　　1，“不高不矮的”即“高低適中的”譯為of medium height，由此童鞋們可以猜猜“高高低低的”怎么說?of different height, 這個(gè)就很有意思了

　　2，”不高不矮的圍墻擋在兩邊，斑斑駁駁的苔痕，墻上掛著一串串蒼翠欲滴的藤蘿，簡直像古樸的屏風(fēng)。”意即“巷子兩邊是圍墻，墻上布滿苔痕和藤蘿，(墻)像屏風(fēng)“(為了幫助大家理解，原諒我用這么不詩意的語言來解釋…)譯為On either side of the lane stand enclosing walls of medium height, which, moss-covered and hung with clusters of fresh green wisteria, look almost like screens of primitive simplicity.主語從”巷子“到”圍墻“這種視角推進(jìn)式的句子并不容易翻譯，需要很強(qiáng)的語法功底~

　　3，“修竹森森，天籟細(xì)細(xì)“中的”修“就是高，”森森“即”茂密“，”天籟“即”自然界的聲音“這兩句一并譯為dense groves of tall bamboos as well as soft sounds of nature. 此時(shí)譯者沒有拘泥于“疊字”形式上的對(duì)譯，而是著眼于大局，采用了“淡化”或“簡化”的處理方法有意把“疊字”的韻味分散或轉(zhuǎn)移到相關(guān)的詞語中去，以追求譯文總體效果，十分得體。下文“娉娉婷婷”也采用了同樣的方法來處理~

　　4, “春來時(shí)還常有幾枝嬌艷的桃花杏花，娉娉婷婷，從墻頭殷勤地?fù)u曳紅袖，向行人招手。”譯為In spring, beautiful peach and apricot blossoms atop the walls, like graceful girls waving their red sleeves, will sway hospitably to beckon the pedestrians.注意此處譯者對(duì)文中的狀語的位置稍作了調(diào)整，使譯文更加流暢~

　　5，“狺狺”作為一個(gè)擬聲詞，在原文中無疑為文章增加了音律上的美感，而在翻譯時(shí)我們要從整體結(jié)構(gòu)著眼，決定這個(gè)詞是否要譯出，此處為了行文簡潔，所以略去不譯。

　　小巷的動(dòng)人處就是它無比的悠閑。無論是誰，只要你到巷里去躑躅一會(huì)，你的心情就會(huì)如巷尾不波的古井，那是一種和平的靜穆，而不是陰森和肅殺(10)。它鬧中取靜，別有天地，仍是人間。它可能是一條現(xiàn)代的烏衣巷(11)，家家有自己的一本哀樂帳，一部興衰史，可是重門疊戶，諱莫如深，夕陽影里，野花閑草，燕子低飛，尋覓歸家。只是一片澄明如水的氣氛，凈化一切，籠罩一切，使人忘憂。

　　The charm of the lane lies in its absolute serenity. No matter who you are, if you loiter around in the lane for a while, your mind will become as unruffled as the ancient well at the end of the lane. There you will experience a kind of peaceful calmness rather than gloomy sternness. There reigns peace and quiet in the midst of noisy bustle. It is a world of its own on earth. it may be a modern version of wu yi xiang, a special residential area of nobility in the jin dynasty southeast of today’s nanjing, where each family, secluded behind closed doors, has its own covered-up story of joys and sorrows, and rise and decline. When the sun is setting, swallows will fly low over wild flowers and grass on their way to their nests. The all-pervading and all-purifying atmosphere of water-like placidness makes one forget all cares and worries.

　　要點(diǎn)：

　　1，“躑躅“即”慢慢地走“譯為loiter around, loiter之前多次見了，是文學(xué)翻譯的�？�

　　2，“陰森和肅殺“譯為gloomy sternness ,這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)跟之前見到的gentle gracefulness

　　一樣，為“定語+抽象名詞“~

　　3，“它鬧中取靜，別有天地，仍是人間“中”鬧中取靜“意即”它在喧鬧的城市中保有一片安靜之地“譯為There reigns peace and quiet in the midst of noisy bustle.;”別有天地，仍是人間“出自李白的一句詩”別有天地非人間“即”另有一番境界，形容風(fēng)景或藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作的境界引人入勝“譯為a world of its own on earth

　　4，“烏衣巷“采取釋義法譯為wu yi xiang, a special residential area of nobility in the jin dynasty southeast of today’s nanjing。之前也說過很多次了，這種中國特有的詞匯，一般先音譯，之后加注，加括號(hào)，或者在后面加以解釋~

　　5，“重門疊戶”即“多關(guān)口屏障，易于防守”，而“諱莫如深“指把事情隱瞞得很緊，兩詞都有”隱藏得很深“的意思，因此譯為secluded behind closed doors

　　6，“夕陽影里，野花閑草，燕子低飛，尋覓歸家“整合為一句即”太陽下山的時(shí)候，燕子低飛在花叢草叢中，回到自己的窩“，故譯為When the sun is setting, swallows will fly low over wild flowers and grass on their way to their nests。這類散句比較簡單，不用費(fèi)勁找邏輯，把意思整合在一起即可~

　　你是否覺得勞生草草，身心兩乏?我勸你工余之暇，常到小巷里走走，那是最好的將息，會(huì)使你消除疲勞，緊張的心弦得到調(diào)整。你如果有時(shí)情緒煩燥，心情悒郁，我勸你到小巷里負(fù)手行吟一陣，你一定會(huì)豁然開朗，怡然自得，物我兩忘。

　　Aren’t you weighed down with cares in this life of hard toil and exhausted physically and mentally? I would like to advise you often to take a walk in the lane in your off-duty hours. That is the best way to take a rest. It will dissipate(驅(qū)散) your fatigue and relieve your nervous tension. When you are fidgety(坐立不安的) or depressed, go to the lane and wander around reciting or composing poems with your hands crossed behind your back. You will then suddenly fall into a bright mood and enjoy inner peace, forgetting both yourself and the external world.

　　要點(diǎn)：

　　1，“你是否覺得勞生草草“中的”勞生“意為”辛勞的生活“，譯為a life of hard toil”草草“即”憂慮“，全句譯為Aren’t you weighed down with cares in this life of hard toil(辛苦) …其中to weigh down 意為“使苦惱”~

　　2,” 負(fù)手行吟”譯為wander around reciting or composing poems with your hands crossed behind your back.

　　3, “豁然開朗“(一下子變得明朗)，”怡然自得“(高興而滿足)，”物我兩忘“(指創(chuàng)作時(shí)主體與客觀世界渾然為一而兼忘)，意思各不相同，但句式并不復(fù)雜，分開譯即可~

　　你有愛人嗎?我建議不要帶了她去什么名園勝景，還是利用晨昏時(shí)節(jié)，到深巷中散散步。在那里，你們倆可以隨便談?wù)劊�心貼得更近，在街上那種貪婪的睨視，惡意的斜覷，巷里是沒有的;偶然呀的一聲，墻門口顯現(xiàn)出一個(gè)人影，又往往是深居簡出(13)的姑娘，看見你們，會(huì)嬌羞地返身回避了。

　　don’t you have a sweetheart? Let me suggest that, instead of accompanying her on a visit to famous park or scenic spot, you take her with you for a stroll(散步) in the lane at dawn or dusk. Over there, you two can chat freely and with even deeper affection, free from greedy sidelong(睨視) glances or malicious squints such as you often meet with in busy streets. Suddenly, at a creaking sound, there may appear a figure by a door—usually an unsophisticated young girl. She will, at the sight of you, withdraw coyly into the house.

　　要點(diǎn)：

　　1，“你們倆可以隨便談?wù)劊?“= you two can chat freely and with even deeper affection，“心貼得更近”

　　2，“偶然呀的一聲”這里的“呀”指的是門開時(shí)發(fā)出的聲音,譯為creaking,即嘎吱作響的聲音

　　3，“墻門口顯現(xiàn)出一個(gè)人影，又往往是深居簡出(13)的姑娘，看見你們，會(huì)嬌羞地返身回避了“譯為there may appear a figure by a door—usually an unsophisticated young girl. She will, at the sight of you, withdraw coyly into the house.譯者先是將“墻門口 “作為主語， 引出新信息“ 一個(gè) 人 影 ”， 繼而由“ 人 影 ” 再引發(fā)下面的說明“又往往是深居簡出的姑娘“，譯文中直接采用了同位語來銜接信息 ， 使譯文更為緊湊。

　　3，“深居簡出”可譯為secluded,但此處用unsophisticated，意為“不諳世事”~ 更加靈活~

　　巷，是人海洶洶中的一道避風(fēng)塘，給人家?guī)�來安全�?是城市暄囂擾攘中的一帶洞天幽境，勝似皇家的閣道，便于平常百姓徘徊徜徉。

　　The lane is a safe haven for those struggling in the turbulent sea of humans to enjoy a sense of security. It is a heavenly abode in the midst of confusion. Unlike the erstwhile plank-paved path used exclusively by the imperial family for their vehicles to move on smoothly, the lane is place for the common people to roam about leisurely.

　　要點(diǎn)：

　　1，“洞天幽境”中的“洞天”本指上天群仙所住之處，現(xiàn)按“超凡的住所“解，譯為heavenly abode~(聽起來真的好像游戲的場景。。。

　　2,”閣道“指古代皇家樓閣之間以木架空的通道(額，自己想像一下。。。)，又是屬于中國傳統(tǒng)文化的詞，用釋義法~

　　之前說過很多愛逐臭爭利，錙銖必較的，請(qǐng)到長街鬧市去;愛輕嘴薄舌的，爭是論非的，請(qǐng)到茶館酒樓去;愛鑼鼓鉦鏜，管弦嗷嘈的，請(qǐng)到歌臺(tái)劇院去;愛寧靜淡泊，沉思默想的，深深的小巷在歡迎你。

　　Those who strive after fame and gain, and haggle over every penny, please go to the downtown area! Those who are sharp-tongued and quarrelsome, please go to the teahouse or restaurant! Those who love deafening gongs and drums as well as noisy wind and string instruments, please go to the opera house or theatre! Those who are given to profound meditation and a quiet life without worldly desires, welcome to the lane!

　　要點(diǎn)：(一大批四字詞語襲來~)

　　1，本段中“ 請(qǐng) 到 … … 去 ” 采用相同結(jié)構(gòu)， 達(dá)到了語篇的連貫效果。譯文中，張利用了平行結(jié)構(gòu)，也就是用和原文最為相近的結(jié)構(gòu)， 體現(xiàn)語篇的連貫

　　2,四字短語的積累ing~

　　逐臭爭利，錙銖必較= strive after fame and gain, and haggle over(斤斤，討價(jià)還價(jià))

　　every penny

　　輕嘴薄舌的，爭是論非= sharp-tongued and quarrelsome

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