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小升初英語:名詞解析
定義:名詞是人類認識事物所使用的基本詞匯,是用來表示人、事物、地方、現(xiàn)象或抽象概念的名稱的詞。在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、稱呼語等。
分類:名詞分為專有名詞和普通名詞,普通名詞又分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。
考點:
1、可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)
、偶-s。如desk-desks,dog-dogs
⑵以s,x,sh,ch,z等結(jié)尾,在詞尾加-es,如:class-classes,bus-buses,watch-watches
、且詅或fe結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v加-es。如:knife-knives,wife-wives
⑷以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾,變y為i,加-es。如:family-families,city-cities
、梢暂o音字母加o結(jié)尾,加-es。如:tomato-toamoes,hero-heroes
、侍厥庾兓。如▲man-men,foot-feet,mouse-mice,child-children
▲sheep-sheep,deer-deer,fish-fish,Chinese-Chinese
2、集合名詞做主語
、庞行┟~不能用a,one,two等具體數(shù)詞修飾,只能在其前面加the表示全體…。
如:the people,the police,the cattle等。這些詞作主語時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
、朴行┟~作主語時,謂語動詞既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)。
如:public,family,class,team,group等。
3、不可數(shù)名詞量的表示
不可數(shù)名詞不能和數(shù)詞直接連用。他們可以和一下詞語或詞組連用:
some/any,little,a little,much,a lot of等。
a piece of,a pound of,a cup of,a bar of,a loaf of等。
4、名詞所有格
、乓话愕那闆r在詞尾加’s,以s結(jié)尾的加s’。如:the boy’s bag,boys’ bags
、茻o生命東西的名詞用of屬格。如:the window of the room
、菛|西為兩人共有,只在后一個名詞后面加’s。如:Lily and Lucy’s room
⑷名詞所有格所修飾的詞,有時可以省略。如the doctor’s
、呻p重所有格:▲a,an,this,that+名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞。如:a friend of mine
▲可為名詞+of+名詞的所有格。如:a teacher of my sister’s
小勇士們,對于名詞的概念和用法掌握的怎么樣了?下面的小測驗,幫助你查漏補缺,快來做做吧!
1. Apple is a __ word.
A. five-letter B. five-letters C. fives-letters D. five letters
2. All the __ in the hospital got a rise yesterday.
A. women doctors B. woman doctors
C. women doctor D. woman doctor
3. After ten years, all those youngsters became __
A. growns-up B. growns-up C. grown-up D. grown-ups
4. The police investigated the __ about the bank robbery.
A. stander-by B. standers-by C. stander-bys D. standers-by
5. She used to have three __ .
A. boys friends B. boys friend C. boy friends D. boy friend
6. The committee __ been arguing about the economic problems among themselves for many hours.
A. have B. has C. could have D. can have
7. Seventy percent __ illiterate in that area.
A. is B. are C. is to be D. can have
8. His trousers __ in his suitcase.
A. is always kept B. are kept always
C. are always kept D. have always been
9. The young couple bought __ for their living room.
A. some new furniture B. some new furnitures
C. many new furniture D. many new furnitures
10. Mathematics __ easy to learn.
A. is B. are C. can D. feels
Keys:D A D B C A B C A A
解析:
1、D 有-連字符的,在其名詞部分后加s,如 five-letters,standers-by,lookers-on;無名詞部分的,在復(fù)合詞后加s,如grown-ups。
2、A 由man或woman作為第一部分的復(fù)合名詞表職位時,均用復(fù)數(shù),如men doctors,women writers。
3、D 答案見第一題解析。
4、B 答案見第一題解析。
5、C 由boy或girl 作為第一部分的復(fù)合名詞,要在最后詞后加-s,如boy friends,girl friends
6、A 集體名詞被看作若干個體時,具有復(fù)數(shù)概念,被看作一個整體時,具有單數(shù)概念。這類詞有:family,government,class,surrounding,committee,club,company
7、B 此題在70%后省略了people。根據(jù)題意可以知道,這個地區(qū)百分之七十的人是文盲。所以用are
8、C 具有成雙含義的詞,如服裝類、工具類的詞:trousers,glasses,scissors(剪刀),后面的動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
9、A
Furniture 家具,不可數(shù)名詞。Many修飾可數(shù),much修飾不可數(shù),some,any都可修飾,但any用在疑問和否定句中。a few修飾可數(shù),肯定含義;a little 修飾不可數(shù),否定義。
10、A 學科類的詞,如maths , economics , politics , electronics ,mechanics(力學)等,含有復(fù)數(shù)概念。試卷盡在巨人奧數(shù)網(wǎng)。
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