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2024年高考英語(yǔ)真題加息「全國(guó)3卷」
現(xiàn)如今，我們經(jīng)常跟試題打交道，通過(guò)試題可以檢測(cè)參試者所掌握的知識(shí)和技能。你所見(jiàn)過(guò)的試題是什么樣的呢？以下是小編收集整理的2024年高考英語(yǔ)真題加息「全國(guó)3卷」試題，希望能夠幫助到大家。
高考英語(yǔ)真題加息「全國(guó)3卷」 1
第一部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題2分，滿分30分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A Music
Opera at Music Hall: 1243 Elm Street. The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September. The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone: 241-2742.
Chamber Orchestra: The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March through June. Call 723-1182 for more information.
Symphony Orchestra: At Music Hall and Riverbend. For ticket sales, call 381-3300. Regular season runs September through May at Music Hall in summer at Riverbend.
College Conservatory of Music (CCM): Performances are on the main campus(校園) of the university, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater. CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known LaSalle Quartet, CCMs Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. Students with I.D. cards can attend the events for free. A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556-4183.
Riverbend Music Theater: 6295 Kellogg Ave. Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover (price difference).Big name shows all summer long! Phone:232-6220. .
1.Which number should you call if you want to see an opera?
A. 241-2742. B. 723-1182.
C. 381-3300. D. 232-6220.
2.When can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra?
A. February. B. May. C. August. D. November.
3.Where can students go for free performances with their I.D. cards?
A. Music Hall. B. Memorial Hall.
C. Patricia Cobbett Theater. D. Riverbend Music Theater.
4.How is Riverbend Music Theater different from the other places?
A. It has seats in the open air.
B. It gives shows all year round.
C. It offers membership discounts.
D. It presents famous musical works.
【答案】
1.A
2.B
3.C
4.A
1.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“opera”定位到第一個(gè)活動(dòng)，第一個(gè)活動(dòng)的聯(lián)系電話是241-2742，故選A。
2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Chamber Orchestra”定位到第二個(gè)活動(dòng)，根據(jù)“which offers several concerts from March through June”可知，活動(dòng)舉辦時(shí)間是3-6月，故選B。
3.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“with their I.D. cards”定位到第四個(gè)活動(dòng)中的“Students with I.D. cards can attend the events for free.”，根據(jù)“usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater”可知答案，故選C。
考點(diǎn)：廣告類(lèi)短文閱讀
【名師點(diǎn)睛】
閱讀理解中細(xì)節(jié)理解題的干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置手法體現(xiàn)在下列幾個(gè)原則：
1.包含項(xiàng)原則 在答案選項(xiàng)分析中，假如對(duì)A選項(xiàng)的理解概括了對(duì)其它三項(xiàng)(或其中某一項(xiàng))的理解，那么我們就說(shuō)選項(xiàng)A與其他三項(xiàng)是包含或概括關(guān)系，包含項(xiàng)A往往就是正確答案。如在“花”與“玫瑰”兩選項(xiàng)中，正確答案肯定是“花”，花包含了玫瑰,因?yàn)槊倒蹇隙ㄊ腔�，但花并不一定是玫瑰�?/p>
2.正反項(xiàng)原則 所謂正反項(xiàng)，是指兩選項(xiàng)陳述的命題完全相矛盾。根據(jù)形式邏輯排中律知識(shí)：兩個(gè)相互矛盾的判斷不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以在閱讀理解中，假如四選項(xiàng)中A、B互為正反項(xiàng)，那我們通常先排除C、D項(xiàng)，正確答案一般在A、B項(xiàng)當(dāng)中取其一。
3.委婉項(xiàng)原則 所謂委婉，這里是指說(shuō)話不能說(shuō)死，要留有余地。閱讀理解選項(xiàng)中語(yǔ)氣平和、委婉的往往是正確答案。這些選項(xiàng)一般含有不十分肯定或試探性語(yǔ)氣的表達(dá)，如：probably, possibly, may, usually, might, most of, more or less,relatively, be likely to, not necessary, although, yet, in addition，tend to，be liable to等等，而含有絕對(duì)語(yǔ)氣的表達(dá)往往不是正確答案，如：must, always, never, the most,all, every, any, merely, only, completely, none, hardly, already等等。
4.同形項(xiàng)原則 幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)如存在形式與結(jié)構(gòu)上的相似，那它們就互為同形項(xiàng)。同形項(xiàng)組可喻為高爾夫球場(chǎng)上的“果嶺”，而正確答案就是果嶺上的“球洞”。命題者往往先將正確答案設(shè)置在一個(gè)大命題范圍，然后通過(guò)語(yǔ)言形式的細(xì)微變化來(lái)考察考生的理解能力與分析能力。同形項(xiàng)原則告訴我們：詞匯與句法結(jié)構(gòu)相似的選項(xiàng)一般存在有正確答案。
5.常識(shí)項(xiàng)原則 在議論文當(dāng)中，那些符合一般常識(shí)，意義深刻富有哲理，符合一般規(guī)律，屬于普遍現(xiàn)象的選項(xiàng)往往是正確答案。
6.因果項(xiàng)原則 閱讀理解邏輯推理基本都是通過(guò)因果鏈進(jìn)行的，前因后果，一步步循序漸進(jìn)。然而，在推理題型的選項(xiàng)中，有的選項(xiàng)會(huì)推理不到位(止于前因)，或者推理過(guò)頭(止于后果)，這就是所謂的干擾項(xiàng)。因果項(xiàng)原則規(guī)定：假如四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)互為同一事物推理過(guò)程中的因果關(guān)系，那么正確答案就是這兩個(gè)因果項(xiàng)中的其中之一。如果因項(xiàng)可以產(chǎn)生幾個(gè)結(jié)果，那么答案就是因項(xiàng);如果果項(xiàng)可以對(duì)應(yīng)幾個(gè)原因，那么答案就是果項(xiàng)。
B
On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.
“Hey, arent you from Mississippi?” the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. “Im from Mississippi too.”
Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.
“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,” Welty said. “I didnt know what my New York friends were thinking.”
Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Weltys new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi.
“My friends said: Now we believe your stories,” Welty added. “And I said: Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.”
Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.
“I dont make them up,” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. “I dont have to.”
Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Weltys people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss, from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.
5.What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?
A. Two strangers joined her.
B. Her childhood friends came in.
C. A heavy rain ruined the dinner.
D. Some people held a party there.
6.The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Weltys.
A. readers B. parties C. friends D. stories
7.What can we learn about the characters in Weltys fiction?
A. They live in big cities.
B. They are mostly women.
C. They come from real life.
D. They are pleasure seekers.
【答案】
5.A
6.D
7.C
6.D猜測(cè)詞義題。劃線的them指代前面提到的人或物，根據(jù)“Now we believe your stories”可知，them指代的是Welty寫(xiě)的小說(shuō)里面的故事，聽(tīng)了Welty和兩個(gè)陌生人的有關(guān)密西西比的談話之后，Welty的朋友相信了Welty小說(shuō)里的故事都是來(lái)源于生活，故選D。
7.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)“I dont make them up”和“Weltys people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss, from conversations overheard on a bus.”可知，Welty小說(shuō)里的人物并非虛構(gòu)的，他們都來(lái)源于現(xiàn)實(shí)的生活，故選C。
考點(diǎn)：故事類(lèi)短文閱讀
【名師點(diǎn)睛】
猜詞技巧：閱讀理解的測(cè)試中經(jīng)常有猜測(cè)詞、短語(yǔ)、習(xí)語(yǔ)意義的題目，這些詞、短語(yǔ)、習(xí)語(yǔ)要么是生詞，要么是熟詞新義，單靠平時(shí)積累是不夠的，還要掌握一定的做題技巧。
總結(jié)如下：
(1)根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法(轉(zhuǎn)化、合成、派生)進(jìn)行判斷。
(2) 根據(jù)文中的定義、解釋猜生詞 ;利用事例或解釋猜生詞;利用重復(fù)解釋的信息猜生詞。
(3)根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行選擇：文章中的代詞it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that還可以指一件事。第6題就是屬于對(duì)指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷。
(4)根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷：根據(jù)上下句的連接詞，如but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意義上的差別，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義，來(lái)確定另一句的含義。
(5)根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷：俗話說(shuō)，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。
(6)根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷：閱讀中有時(shí)出現(xiàn)新詞、難詞，后面就跟著一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)，對(duì)前面的詞進(jìn)行解釋?zhuān)袝r(shí)這種解釋也用連詞“or”連接。
(7)利用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)和提示詞猜測(cè)詞義。還可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比或不相干的意義。破折號(hào)表示解釋說(shuō)明。
見(jiàn)問(wèn)題形式有：
(1)The word “…” in Line … means/can be best replaced by …
(2)As used in the passage, the phrase?uggests?
(3)Fromheassage,eannferhatheord/phrase?theentence?s/referso?means?
(4)Theord?slosestneaningo?還可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比或不相干的意義。破折號(hào)表示解釋說(shuō)明?
C
If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see whats around.
Its called Apple Day but in practice its more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but sinceit has
caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.
Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesnt taste of anything special, its still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cats Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but youll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so its a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.
Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果園).If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.
8.What can people do at the apple events?
A. Attend experts lectures. B. Visit fruit-loving families.
C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard. D. Taste many kinds of apples.
9.What can we learn about Decio?
A. It is a new variety. B. It has a strange look.
C. It is rarely seen now. D. It has a special taste.
10.What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3mean?
A. A practical idea. B. A vain hope.
C.A brilliant plan. D. A selfish desire.
11.What is the authors purpose in writing the text?
A. To show how to grow apples.
B .To introduce an apple festival.
C. To help people select apples.
D. To promote apple research.
【答案】
8.D
9.C
10.B
11.B
【解析】
試題分析：作者向人們介紹了一個(gè)節(jié)日--Apple Day。由于這個(gè)節(jié)日翡翠受歡迎，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)演變成“蘋(píng)果月”了。在英國(guó)，人們?cè)谑路輵c祝該節(jié)日，持續(xù)大約一個(gè)月的時(shí)間。
8.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples.”可知，參加相關(guān)的慶�；顒�(dòng)的人們可以品嘗各種各樣的蘋(píng)果，故選D。
9.C推理判斷題。故選C。
11.B寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段“if you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see whats around. ”和最后一段“If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.”可知，作者向讀者介紹了一個(gè)節(jié)日—Apple Day，并推薦人們參加這個(gè)節(jié)日，故選B。
考點(diǎn)：生活故事類(lèi)短文閱讀
【名師點(diǎn)睛】
故事類(lèi)文章是高考閱讀理解常選材料之一。這類(lèi)文章常通過(guò)敘述突出人物性格特征或講述個(gè)人經(jīng)歷與感悟，以及逸聞趣事。文章的要素有時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件等。有些是按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過(guò)為主線敘述的，在敘述的過(guò)程中有詳有略;有些是按時(shí)間的順序敘述的，有順敘、倒敘等。
解題技巧：
1、高考選用的此類(lèi)文章常常為幽默類(lèi)或情感類(lèi)故事，其目的或闡明某種觀點(diǎn)，或抨擊某種陋習(xí)，或贊揚(yáng)某種品德，所以要關(guān)注作者表達(dá)的個(gè)人感悟，提出的個(gè)人意見(jiàn)，或故事中出其不意的變化，而這些往往體現(xiàn)文章中心或?qū)懽饕鈭D，屬于必考點(diǎn)。例如第11題，考查寫(xiě)作意圖。作者向讀者介紹了一個(gè)節(jié)日—Apple Day，并推薦人們參加有關(guān)的活動(dòng)。
2、該類(lèi)文章語(yǔ)言流暢、有趣，命題往往從故事的情節(jié)、人物或事件之間的關(guān)系、作者的意圖和態(tài)度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查學(xué)生對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的辨認(rèn)能力以及推理判斷能力。這類(lèi)文章同學(xué)們常有文章易懂，題目不易做的感覺(jué)。要注意培養(yǎng)自己快速閱讀的習(xí)慣。切不可在個(gè)別難懂的詞句上停留太久，耽誤時(shí)間。
3、對(duì)整篇短文內(nèi)容有了一定的了解后，要馬上看短文后的問(wèn)題，帶著問(wèn)題去選擇或判斷答案。要確定所需查找的信息范圍，并注意所查找信息的特點(diǎn)。例如：如果問(wèn)題或選項(xiàng)涉及到人名、地名，就應(yīng)該找首字母大寫(xiě)的單詞;如果問(wèn)題或選項(xiàng)涉及時(shí)間、日期、數(shù)字，就應(yīng)該尋找具體的數(shù)據(jù)。
D
Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is being spread and monitored(監(jiān)控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking peoples e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.
“The if it bleeds rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”
Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消極的), but that didnt necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.
Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激發(fā)) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”
12 .What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?
A. News reports. B. Research papers.
C.Private e-mails. D. Daily conversations.
13.What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?
A. Theyre socially inactive.
B. Theyre good at telling stories.
C. Theyre inconsiderate of others.
D. Theyre careful with their words.
14.Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Bergers research?
A . Sports new. B. Science articles.
C. Personal accounts. D. Financial reviews.
15 .What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide
B .Online News Attracts More People
C. Reading Habits Change with the Times
D. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks
【答案】
12.A
13.C
14.B
15.D
13.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)“you care a lot more how they react”可知，你非常在乎朋友聽(tīng)完你講的故事后的反應(yīng)，根據(jù)“You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”可知，你不想被當(dāng)作一個(gè)“Debbie Downer”，說(shuō)明指的是“一個(gè)不為他人考慮的人”，故選C。
14.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles”可知，科技類(lèi)的文章比非科技類(lèi)的更有可能被人們討論，故選B。
15.D選擇最佳標(biāo)題。根據(jù)第一段“By tracking peoples e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.”可知，好消息在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上傳播得更快，影響更深遠(yuǎn);說(shuō)明文章主要講的是好消息通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的傳播，故選D。
考點(diǎn)：風(fēng)俗文化類(lèi)短文閱讀
【名師點(diǎn)睛】
主旨大意題主要考查學(xué)生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力。根據(jù)多年的備考及高考實(shí)踐，這類(lèi)題目考察的范圍是：基本論點(diǎn)、文章標(biāo)題、主題或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上能較好地運(yùn)用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法，對(duì)文章進(jìn)行高度概括或總結(jié)，屬于高層次題。 選擇“主題”旨在考查考生是否掌握了所讀文章的主要內(nèi)容或主旨，通常用詞、短語(yǔ)或句子來(lái)概括。常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有：
1.What is the main / general idea of this text?
2. What is mainly discussed in this passage?
3. What is the text mainly about?
4. This text mainly tells us ________.
5. This passage mainly deals with _________.
6. The main idea of this passage may be best expressed as_________. 選擇“標(biāo)題”則是讓考生給所讀的文章選擇一個(gè)合適的標(biāo)題。通常標(biāo)題由一個(gè)名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)，用詞簡(jiǎn)短、精練。
常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有：
1. What would be the best title for the text?
2. Which of the following is the best / most suitable title for this text?
3. The best / most suitable title for this text would be ________.
4. The topic of this passage is _________.
不管是選擇“主題”還是選擇“標(biāo)題”，實(shí)質(zhì)上都是要求考生從整體上理解語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容，找出貫穿語(yǔ)篇的主線;不管是何種體裁的文章，總是圍繞一個(gè)主題來(lái)展開(kāi)的。在試題設(shè)計(jì)上，3個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)內(nèi)容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及，但并非主要內(nèi)容，需要注意甄別。
第二節(jié) (共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 16 But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isnt difficult. 17 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.
18 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that youre standing at the oceans edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh. 19 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isnt as tasty as the fresh one.
There are many common methods used to cook fish. 20 First, lean it and season it with your choice of spices(調(diào)料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, its ready to serve.
A. Do not buy it. B. The easiest is to steam it. C. This is how you can do it. D. It just requires a little knowledge. E. The fish will go bad within hours. F. When buying fish, you should first smell it. G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.
【答案】
16.G
17.D
18.F
19.A
20.B
16、略
17.D考查上下文串聯(lián)。題目前一句“Buying, storing, and cooking fish isnt difficult.”可知，購(gòu)買(mǎi)，存放和燒魚(yú)并非難事，再根據(jù)后面一句可知，文章主要介紹了買(mǎi)魚(yú)和燒魚(yú)的簡(jiǎn)單知識(shí)，D項(xiàng)“這僅僅需要一點(diǎn)知識(shí)”符合語(yǔ)境，此題容易與C項(xiàng)混淆，C項(xiàng)后面應(yīng)該直接跟燒魚(yú)的方法，即C項(xiàng)與后一句重復(fù)，故選D。
18.F考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)“Fresh fish should smell sweet”可知，本段講的是買(mǎi)魚(yú)的時(shí)候要聞一下魚(yú)的氣味，故選F。
19.A考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)前一句“Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh.”可知，帶有強(qiáng)烈的味道的魚(yú)都不是新鮮的，不應(yīng)該買(mǎi)這樣的魚(yú)，A項(xiàng)與后句聯(lián)系緊密，故選A。
20.B考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)“Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot”可知，本段介紹的是蒸魚(yú)的方法，故選B。
考點(diǎn)：生活類(lèi)短文閱讀
【名師點(diǎn)睛】
高考七選五解題方法
1.通讀全文，了解文章大意。這是一個(gè)泛讀的過(guò)程，目的是了解文章大意，為以后的理解做鋪墊。
2.分析句型，了解語(yǔ)法構(gòu)成
3.當(dāng)我們了解了文章大意后，要明確每一個(gè)空是填一個(gè)整句子還是半個(gè)句子。這一點(diǎn)十分重要，它能夠幫助我們迅速確定某些空的選項(xiàng)范圍，比如，有一個(gè)空的結(jié)尾處沒(méi)有標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，后文緊跟著一個(gè)句子的后半部分，很顯然這時(shí)我們需要填的是半個(gè)句子，這時(shí)便可以在七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中找到是半個(gè)句子的選項(xiàng)，從而縮小選擇范圍。
4.明確關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系。任何句子都是要么和上文有聯(lián)系，要么和下文有聯(lián)系，要么和上下文都有聯(lián)系。例如第16空，第19空和第20空都與它們的前一句有聯(lián)系。
5.帶入通讀，復(fù)查
做完題目切忌直接離開(kāi)，這是我們很有必要將自己修正好的文章通讀一遍，將其看做一片行文通順語(yǔ)意連貫的文章來(lái)讀，這是如果感到有含義不連貫的地方，很有可能是我們填錯(cuò)了空，就要復(fù)查了，注意：七選五的特點(diǎn)在于，錯(cuò)一道，往往還會(huì)錯(cuò)另外的一道或幾道，我們叫做"連錯(cuò)"，所以當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己有一處填的有問(wèn)題時(shí)，一定要同時(shí)檢查其它空。
第二部分：英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)
第一節(jié)完形填空(共20小題;每小題15分，滿分30分)
閱讀下面的短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
When I was13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.That meant 21 Miller King,who was the best 22 at our school.
Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out.I carried my football everywhere for 23.
Just before September,Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm.I went to see him after he came back from 24 .He looked very 25 ,but he didnt cry.
That season,I 26 all of Millersrecords while he 27 the home games from the bench.We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player, 28 I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Millers 29 .
One afternoon,I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller 30 going over a fence—which wasnt 31 to climb if you had both arms.Im sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept 32 from.But even that challenge he accepted.I 33 him move slowly over the fence.When we were finally 34 on the other side,he said to me,"You know,I didnt tell you this during the season,but you did 35 .Thank you for filling in for 36 ."
His words freed me from my bad 37.I thought to myself,how even without an arm he was more of a leader.Damaged but not defeated,he was 38 ahead of me. I was right to have 39 him.From that day on，I grew 40 and a little more real.
21.A. heering for B.beating out C. relying on D.staying with
22.A.coach B.student C. teacher D.player
23.A.practice B. show C. comfort D.pleasure
24.A.school B. vacation C. hospital D.training
25.A. pale B. calm C. relaxed D.ashamed
26.A. held B. broke C. set D.tried
27.A.reported B.judged C. organized D.watched
28.A.and B. then C. but D.thus
29.A. decision B. mistake C.accident D.sacrifice
30.A.stuck B. hurt C. tried D.lost
31.A. steady B. hard C. fun D.fit
32.A.praise B. advice C. assistance D.apology
33.A.let B. helped C. had D.noticed
34.A. dropped B. ready C. trapped D.safe
35.A.fine B.wrong C. quickly D.normally
36.A. us B. yourself C. me D.them
37.A.memories B. ideas C. attitudes D.dreams
38.A.still B. also C. yet D.just
39.A. challenged B.cured C. invited D.admired
40.A.healthier B. bigger C. cleverer D.cooler
【答案】
21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. B 34. D
35. A 36. C 37. D 38. A 39. D 40. B
22.D考查名詞辨析。A.coach教練;B. student學(xué)生;C. teacher教師;D. player選手，球員。who was the best 22 at our school.全校最好的球員是Miller King，故選D。
23.A考查名詞辨析。A.practice練習(xí);B. show演出，表現(xiàn)，節(jié)目;C. comfort安慰;D. pleasure樂(lè)趣。作者隨身帶著足球是為了練習(xí)，故選A。
24.C考查名詞辨析。A.school學(xué)校;B. vacation假期;C. hospital醫(yī)院;D. training訓(xùn)練。Miller意外受傷，失去了右臂，作者在他出院后去看他，故選C。
25.A考查形容詞辨析。A. pale蒼白的;B. calm平靜的;C. relaxed放松點(diǎn);D. ashamed羞恥的，慚愧的。根據(jù)“but he didnt cry”可知，Miller的情況不太樂(lè)觀，故選A。
26.B考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A. held握住;B. broke打破;C. set創(chuàng)立，開(kāi)創(chuàng);D. tried嘗試。根據(jù)“records記錄”可知，作者破了Miller的紀(jì)錄，故選B。
27.D考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.reported報(bào)告;B. judged 判斷;C. organized 組織;D. watched 觀看。while he 27 the home games from the bench受傷后的Miller坐在長(zhǎng)凳上觀看比賽，故選D。
28.C考查并列連詞。A.and和;B. then然后;C. but但是;D. thus因此。I was named most valuable player和I often had crazy dreams形成對(duì)比，作者雖然被封為最有價(jià)值球員，但是他總是做噩夢(mèng)，故選C。
29.C考查名詞辨析。A. decision決定;B. mistake錯(cuò)誤;C. accident事故;D. sacrifice犧牲。讓作者感到內(nèi)疚的是，仿佛是自己應(yīng)該為Miller的事故負(fù)責(zé)，作者覺(jué)得有點(diǎn)勝之不武，故選C。
30.A考查形容詞辨析。A.stuck;B. hurt;C. tired勞累的;D. lost丟失的。saw Miller 30 going over a fence作者看到Miller在翻籬笆，只有一只手臂的Miller翻籬笆很困難，因此應(yīng)該是被卡在籬笆上了，故選A。
31.B考查形容詞辨析。A. steady穩(wěn)定的;B. hard困難的;C. fun有趣的;D. fit合適的，健康的。if you had both arms.手臂健全的人翻籬笆不費(fèi)吹灰之力，故選B。
32.C考查名詞辨析。A.praise表?yè)P(yáng);B. advice建議;C. assistance幫助;D. apology道歉。作者認(rèn)為Miller最不愿接受作者的幫助，the last最不可能的，故選C。
33.B考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.let讓;B. helped幫助;C. had有，使;D. noticed注意到。根據(jù)“he accepted”可知，Miller接受了作者的幫助，故選B。
34.D考查形容詞辨析。A. dropped;B. ready準(zhǔn)備好的;C. trapped被困住的;D. safe安全的。作者和Miller兩人成功翻過(guò)籬笆，故選D。
35.A考查副詞辨析。A.fine夠好，可接受;B. wrong錯(cuò)誤地;C. quickly迅速;D. normally正常。Miller認(rèn)為作者表現(xiàn)得很好，故選A。
36.C考查代詞辨析。A. us我們;B. yourself 你自己; C. me我;D. them他們。Miller感謝作者填補(bǔ)了他的空缺，故選C。
39.D考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A. challenged挑戰(zhàn);B. cured治愈;C. invited邀請(qǐng);D. admired敬佩，贊賞，欣賞。I was right to have 39 him.作者認(rèn)為自己敬佩Miller沒(méi)有做錯(cuò)，故選D。
40.B考查形容詞比較級(jí)。A.healthier更健康的;B. bigger更大的，更重要的，更成功的;C. cleverer更聰明的;D. cooler更酷的，更涼的。從那天起，作者長(zhǎng)大了許多，更重視自己的存在了，故選B。
考點(diǎn)：生活故事類(lèi)短文閱讀
【名師點(diǎn)睛】
完形填空具體解題技巧：
【技巧一】利用邏輯關(guān)系語(yǔ)，定位相關(guān)選項(xiàng) 邏輯關(guān)系語(yǔ)指表示各種邏輯意義的連句手段，主要有： (1)詞(包括連詞、副詞和少數(shù)介詞)，如and, but, or, because, though, however, yet, therefore, otherwise, despite等; (2)短語(yǔ)，如in other words, or rather, in addition, as a result, so that, on the contrary, instead of等; (3)分句和獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，如that is to say, what is more, all things considered等。邏輯關(guān)系語(yǔ)對(duì)準(zhǔn)確理解語(yǔ)篇意義能夠起到很強(qiáng)的提示作用。完形填空中很多題目都圍繞它們而設(shè)�？忌诮忸}時(shí)要充分利用這些邏輯關(guān)系語(yǔ)，找到與文中某些詞、短語(yǔ)有密切關(guān)系的選項(xiàng)，如其同義詞、近義詞或反義詞等，有時(shí)這些詞、短語(yǔ)甚至復(fù)現(xiàn)在文中。
【技巧二】通曉上下文意，注意習(xí)慣搭配 詞匯的習(xí)慣用法或固定搭配，特別是動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、介詞等的搭配在完形填空題中出現(xiàn)的比例很大。如果考生在備考時(shí)對(duì)常用的習(xí)慣用法或固定搭配能牢固地掌握，并在解題時(shí)靈活運(yùn)用，就能達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。
【技巧三】明確文章語(yǔ)境，搞清詞語(yǔ)差異 高考完形填空選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置一般均屬于同一詞類(lèi)，有的甚至在意義上也非常接近。為了順利解答此類(lèi)問(wèn)題，考生在平時(shí)記憶單詞時(shí)，要在例句中把握其用法并能在考試中結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的細(xì)微差別，推敲什么是最佳答案。
【技巧四】探究前后邏輯，確定連接詞匯 連接詞是構(gòu)成語(yǔ)篇的紐帶，也是相關(guān)語(yǔ)句信息的結(jié)合點(diǎn)。命題人常在這些“關(guān)節(jié)”上設(shè)置題目，考查學(xué)生的語(yǔ)用能力。因此，考生在解題時(shí)，要仔細(xì)分析，推理前后的邏輯關(guān)系，確定最佳選項(xiàng)。
第II卷
注意：將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。
第二部分：英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)
第二節(jié)(共10小題每小題1.5分，滿分15分)
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
In much of Asia,especially the so-called"rice bowl" cultures of China,Japan,Korea, Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long,thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They can also be made of plastic,animal bone or metal.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might 42 (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create)special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots, 44 (use)twigs(樹(shù)枝)to remove it.Over time, thepopulation grew,people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 46 (gradual)turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 47 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the 48 (develop)of chopsticks.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 49 (be)too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India,for example,most people traditionally eat 50 their hands.
【答案】
41.and
42.be made
43.to create
44.using
45.as/when
46.gradually
47.who
48.development
49.were
50.with
43.to create考查不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。技術(shù)嫻熟的工人會(huì)把各種各樣的硬質(zhì)木材和金屬結(jié)合起來(lái)，以創(chuàng)造出特殊風(fēng)格的筷子。這里用不定式表目的，故填to create。
44.using考查現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。人們可能使用大鍋煮食物，用樹(shù)枝把鍋移開(kāi)，use的邏輯主語(yǔ)是people，兩者是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞表示伴隨狀況，故填using。
45.as/when考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：隨著人口的增長(zhǎng)，人們開(kāi)始把食物切成小塊，這樣可以煮得快一點(diǎn)，這里是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，when意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，后跟長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作或短動(dòng)作，故填as/when。
46.gradually考查副詞。副詞修飾動(dòng)詞或形容詞，這里修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)turned into，應(yīng)該用副詞，故填gradually。
47.who考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。劇中有逗號(hào)，說(shuō)明是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是Confucius孔子，定語(yǔ)從句缺少主語(yǔ)，且指人，故填who。
48.development考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。the+名詞+of，意為“……的……”，這里指“筷子的發(fā)展”，故填development。
49.were考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指的是刀子因太暴力而不適合在餐桌上使用，believed后跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，and連接了兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)knives是復(fù)數(shù)，根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)一致的原則，這里用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填were。
50.with考查介詞。句意：在印度，大部分人還是用傳統(tǒng)的吃飯方法--用手拿，with+表示具體工具的名詞，故填with。
考點(diǎn)：名詞;介詞;副詞;并列連詞;非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;定語(yǔ)從句;狀語(yǔ)從句
【名師點(diǎn)睛】
語(yǔ)法填空的解題技巧
語(yǔ)法填空是通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇在語(yǔ)境中考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的運(yùn)用能力。我們?cè)诮忸}前應(yīng)快速瀏覽短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以進(jìn)行填寫(xiě)。在讀懂的基礎(chǔ)上，再結(jié)合短文提供的特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境去逐句分析逐題解答。按題型設(shè)計(jì)分三種情況：
1. 純空格試題的解題技巧
首先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)所缺成分確定哪類(lèi)詞。然后根據(jù)句子意思，確定具體填什么詞，或根據(jù)兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系確定具體用哪個(gè)連詞。比如第41空，45空，47空和50空，41空考查并列連詞，45空考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，47空考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，50空考查介詞。
2. 給出了動(dòng)詞的試題解題技巧
首先，判斷要填的動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。若句子沒(méi)有別的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或者雖然已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但需填的動(dòng)詞與之是并列關(guān)系，所給動(dòng)詞就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，若是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài);若句子有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、動(dòng)名詞和過(guò)去分詞)。比如42空，43空和49空，給的是動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)句意可知42空是動(dòng)詞詞組，43空是不定式表目的，49空是并列的謂語(yǔ)。
3. 詞匯轉(zhuǎn)換題解題技巧
這類(lèi)題主要考查名詞、形容詞和副詞。根據(jù)所給詞在句中所做句子成分確定用哪種形式。比如46空和48空，分別考查動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞和形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為副詞。
第三部分寫(xiě)作(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)
第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)(共10小題;每小題1分，滿分10分)
假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。
注意：1. 每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;
2. 只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。
The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me . They were also the best and worse years in my life . At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However, my parents didnt seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time , I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.
【答案】
51.year—years
52.worse—worst
53.the去掉
54.yourself—myself
55.such—so
56.tell—told
57.freely—free
58.wear—wearing
59.to—for
60.I ∧need
53.the去掉考查冠詞。at first起初，是固定詞組，不需要冠詞，故把the去掉。
54.yourself—myself考查反身代詞。句意：我認(rèn)為我什么都知道，可以自己拿主意了。這里指作者自己做決定，根據(jù)主語(yǔ)I可知，應(yīng)該用myself，故把yourself改為mmyself。
55.such—so考查so/such的用法。 my parents didnt seem to think so我的父母似乎不這樣認(rèn)為，so指代上一句的內(nèi)容，故把such改為so。
56.tell—told考查時(shí)態(tài)。通篇回憶過(guò)去的事情，使用的一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故把tell改為told。
57.freely—free考查形容詞副詞。be后跟形容詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，be free from……擺脫......不受......的影響，故把freely改為free。
考點(diǎn)：名詞;形容詞;代詞;介詞;最高級(jí);固定搭配;時(shí)態(tài)
【名師點(diǎn)睛】
改錯(cuò)中動(dòng)詞、連詞以及上下文語(yǔ)境也是出題者經(jīng)常會(huì)考慮的出題知識(shí)點(diǎn)，其解題方法如下：
1.動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤的發(fā)現(xiàn)與解決 英語(yǔ)中有許多的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，是很難從字面上判斷其意義的。其中與介詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞是最常見(jiàn)的。我們?cè)诜治鲱}目的時(shí)候，發(fā)現(xiàn)有動(dòng)賓搭配的時(shí)候，應(yīng)該考慮該動(dòng)詞是否是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，并進(jìn)而分析構(gòu)成該短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的介詞有無(wú)遺漏。對(duì)于短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的熟悉是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期積累的過(guò)程，需要隨時(shí)總結(jié)與記憶。以下是考試中常見(jiàn)到的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞： account for; add up to; back up; break down; break away from; bleak out; break up; break in; break off; bring about; bring up; bring out; bring down; build up; call off; call for; call on; carry out; check in; clear up; come off; come around; count on; cut down; cut off; do away with; dwell on; fall back on; fall out; get over; get out of; get at; give out; give up; give off; hang on; hold back; keep back from; keep up with; lay off; lay down; live up to; look into; look forward to; look over; make up; make out; pass away; put up with; role out; run out of; set about; take over; take up; take in; take off; turn up; turn out; work out 等。 還有一種�？嫉膭�(dòng)詞的用法就是語(yǔ)態(tài)。在所分析的文字中包含謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，那么應(yīng)該分析是否是這方面的問(wèn)題。其中應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)分析主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)。
2.連接詞錯(cuò)誤的發(fā)現(xiàn)與解決 例： However, a second person thought that this was more a question of civilized behavior as good manners. 本題所考查的就是比較連接詞的用法。從前文的more我們就可以看出，下文的as是不恰當(dāng)?shù)�，正確的答案應(yīng)是比較連接詞than。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，比較連接詞所考查的重點(diǎn)集中在as與than的用法上。句意中是否還有比較意義是很容易辨別的，我們一旦覺(jué)察到句子有比較的意思，就應(yīng)考慮是否是as與than的用法混淆。 此外定語(yǔ)從句的連接詞也是要特別注意的。我們看 2000年6月的第74題：Instead，this other person told us a story，it he said was quite well known.在這里，句子的后半段很明顯是一個(gè)非限制性的定語(yǔ)從句，所以應(yīng)將it改為which.非限制性的定語(yǔ)從句的連接詞在近幾年的考試中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，應(yīng)該引起我們的重視。解決此類(lèi)問(wèn)題的方法是，凡是發(fā)現(xiàn)有復(fù)合句的分析對(duì)象，首先就要考慮從句的連接詞。首先看是否有連接詞，其次看連接詞是否正確，尤其是which與 that的不同應(yīng)用。
3.語(yǔ)言環(huán)境類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤的發(fā)現(xiàn)與解決 從歷年的考題來(lái)看，語(yǔ)言環(huán)境類(lèi)的錯(cuò)誤是最有章可循的。這類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤一般是一行中的關(guān)鍵詞與上下文所體現(xiàn)出來(lái)的意思完全相反。此類(lèi)題的解決也較簡(jiǎn)單，那就是將不符合文意的詞改為它的反義詞即可。如第54題就是屬于語(yǔ)境錯(cuò)誤。句意：我認(rèn)為我什么都知道，可以自己拿主意了。這里指作者自己做決定，根據(jù)主語(yǔ)I可知，應(yīng)該用myself，故把yourself改為myself。
第二節(jié)書(shū)面表達(dá)(滿分25分)
假定你是李華，與留學(xué)生朋友Bob約好一起去書(shū)店，因故不能赴約。請(qǐng)給他寫(xiě)封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：
1.表示歉意;
2.說(shuō)明原因;
3.另約時(shí)間。
注意：
1.詞數(shù)100左右;
2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
【答案】
Dear Bob,
Im sorry to say that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon. I have just found that I have to attend an important class meeting that afternoon. I hope the change will not cause you too much trouble.
Shall we go on Saturday morning? We can set out early so that well have more time to read and select books. If its convenient for you, lets meet at 8:30 outside the school gate. If not, let me know what time suits you best. I should be available any time after school next week.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
考點(diǎn)：書(shū)信類(lèi)作文
【名師點(diǎn)睛】
題目是常規(guī)的書(shū)信作文，要求寫(xiě)一封道歉信，是應(yīng)用文的一種。寫(xiě)作的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)給出，表達(dá)歉意的同時(shí)，還要與對(duì)方另約時(shí)間。因此，不僅僅是一封道歉信。寫(xiě)作時(shí)注意涵蓋所有要點(diǎn)，還要兼顧上下文的連貫性。
高考英語(yǔ)真題加息「全國(guó)3卷」 2
【真題1】 (2009· 福建· 34)In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, _______ the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. (A)?
A. marking B. marked ?
C. having marked D. being marked ?
【解析】mark這一動(dòng)作在此處作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是前面整個(gè)句子，它們之間為主謂關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于"which marked";再者，mark這一動(dòng)作顯然不是發(fā)生在inspected之前的，所以不能用having marked
【真題2】(2009· 湖南 ·25)At the age of 29, Dave was a worker,______in a small apartment? near Boston and_______what to do about his future. (A)
A.living; wondering B.lived; wondering?
C.lived; wondered D.living; wondered?
【解析】此處live,wonder 與句子的主語(yǔ)Dave 之間存在主謂關(guān)系，要用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。
【真題3】(2009·四川·10)______many times, he finally understood it.?(D)
A.Told B.Telling?
C.Having told D.Having been told
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)的用法。此處tell與句子的主語(yǔ)he 之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)該使用表示被動(dòng)含義的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，B、C兩項(xiàng)可以先排除。A、D兩項(xiàng)都表示"被動(dòng)和完成"，但是強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作先后的時(shí)候往往要用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式，這里強(qiáng)調(diào)"被告訴過(guò)許多次之后，他最后理解了"
研究步驟：
Step 1 —— 分析考情，掌握命題規(guī)律
分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)往往用逗號(hào)與句子隔開(kāi)，而且逗號(hào)后面沒(méi)有并列連詞�，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)往往是句子的主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)該動(dòng)詞與句子的主語(yǔ)之間往往存在主謂關(guān)系。高考在考查現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)要求考生能夠正確判斷動(dòng)詞與句子主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系，有時(shí)候?yàn)榱嗽黾与y度，命題者將分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)設(shè)計(jì)成一個(gè)句子，即分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是一件事情(見(jiàn)真題1)
Step 2 —— 探究解題關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)
判斷所給選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞與句子主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系，如果是主謂關(guān)系往往用現(xiàn)在分詞。另外，現(xiàn)在分詞有：一般式、完成式、被動(dòng)式、完成被動(dòng)式四種形式，使用時(shí)要注意每種形式的內(nèi)在含義
Step 3 —— 歸納總結(jié)
現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)的用法：
1.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)往往是句子的主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)該動(dòng)詞與句子的主語(yǔ)之間往往存在主謂關(guān)系。如：?
As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not______, and asked myself what I was going to do. ?
A. moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved?
【解析】B。這里考查現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。move與主語(yǔ)I之間存在主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞
2.現(xiàn)在分詞有：一般式、被動(dòng)式、完成式和完成被動(dòng)式四種形式，每一種形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not構(gòu)成。一般式(doing) 表示主動(dòng)的一般性的動(dòng)作或者正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；被動(dòng)式(being done)表示正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作；完成式(having done)表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作；完成被動(dòng)式(having been done) 表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。如：?
Not having received a reply, he decided to write again。沒(méi)有得到答復(fù)，他決定再寫(xiě)信去。
The old man, having worked abroad for twenty years, came back to his motherland. ?
(work與句子的主語(yǔ)The old man之間存在主謂關(guān)系，而且work 這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前)?
Step 4 —— 掌握常規(guī)用法
有一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)，如：generally speaking, according to, judging from/by等，無(wú)論主語(yǔ)是什么都用這種形式作狀語(yǔ)。如：?
Generally speaking, children like playing in the fields. ?
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，孩子們喜歡在田野里玩
Step 5 —— 特殊技巧
一些考生在做題過(guò)程中不知道應(yīng)該選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)�，F(xiàn)在教大家一個(gè)行之有效的方法：作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，是用動(dòng)詞|ing形式還是用過(guò)去分詞，取決于該動(dòng)詞與句子主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。如果是意義上的主謂關(guān)系，一般用動(dòng)詞|ing形式；如果是意義上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，則一般用過(guò)去分詞。請(qǐng)記住下面的例子，并細(xì)心體會(huì)。注意：句子的主語(yǔ)改變了，分詞的形式也要相應(yīng)地發(fā)生變化
Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks even more beautiful. 從山頂上看，這個(gè)公園顯得更加美麗。(see 與主語(yǔ)the park之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)?
Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the park even more beautiful。從山頂上看，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)公園顯得更加美麗。(see 與主語(yǔ)we之間存在主謂關(guān)系)
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