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職稱英語(yǔ)綜合類B補(bǔ)全短文歷年真題精選
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職稱英語(yǔ)歷年真題《綜合B》補(bǔ)全短文真題精選題(1)
Saving a City's Public Art
Avoiding traffic jams in Los Angeles may be impossible, but the city's colorful freeway murals ( 壁畫(huà) ) can brighten even the worst commute. Paintings that depict (描述) famous people and historical scenes cover office buildings and freeway walls all access the city. With a collection of more than 2,000 murals, Los Angeles is the unofficial mural capital of the world.
But the combination of graffiti (涂鴉), pollution, and hot sun has left many L.A. murals in terrible condition. __________ (46) in the past, experts say, little attention was given to caring for public art. Artists were even expected to maintain their own works, not an easy task with cars racing by along the freeway.
__________ (47) The work started in 2003. So far,16 walls have been selected and more may be added later. Until about 1960, public murals in Los Angeles were rare. But in the 1960s and 1970s, young L.A. artists began to study early 20th-century Mexican mural painting. __________ (48)
The most famous mural in the city is Judith Baca's "The Great Wall", a 13-foot-high(4-meter-high) painting that runs for half a mile (0.8 kilometer) in North Hollywood.__________ (49) it took eight years to complete--400 underprivileged teenagers painted the designs--and is probably the longest mural in the world.
One of the murals that will be restored now is Kent Twitchell's "Seventh Street Altarpiece" which he painted for the Los Angeles Olympics in 1984. __________ (50) Twitchell said, "it was meant as a kind of gateway through which the traveler to L.A. must drive. The open hands represent peace."
Artists often call murals the people's art. Along a busy freeway or hidden in a quiet neighborhood, murals can teach people who would never pay money to see fine art in a museum,"Murals give a voice to the silent majority," said one artist.
A. The city trying to stop the spread of graffiti, has painted over some of the murals complete.
B. This striking work depicts two people facing each other on opposite sides of the freeway near downtown Los Angeles.
C. Artists like murals because they like the work of Mexican artitsts.
D. Now the city is beginning a huge project to restore the city's murals.
E. The mural represents the history of ethnic proups in California.
F. Soon their murals became a symbol of the city's cultural expressions and a showcase for LA's cultural diversity.
答案與解析
46.A�？瘴挥诙沃校耘c前后的句子都有語(yǔ)義上的銜接。從空格前的句子看，談?wù)摰氖峭盔f、污染和熾熱的陽(yáng)光造成了壁畫(huà)的糟糕狀態(tài)，空格后談?wù)摰氖菍＜艺J(rèn)為公共藝術(shù)沒(méi)有得到足夠的重視，所以推斷空格處應(yīng)該談?wù)摰氖潜诋?huà)的糟糕情況或者如何解決，故A(城市試圖阻止涂鴉的蔓延，所以在那些壁畫(huà)上涂上了油漆。)為最佳選項(xiàng)，其中A項(xiàng)中的graffiti與空格前句子中的graffiti有詞語(yǔ)銜接的一致性。重復(fù)詞的出現(xiàn)是體現(xiàn)語(yǔ)義銜接的重要標(biāo)志。
47.D�？崭裎挥诙温涞氖籽�，空格后的句子談?wù)摰氖沁@項(xiàng)工作開(kāi)始于2003年，已經(jīng)選擇了16堵墻的壁畫(huà)，隨后會(huì)加入更多的墻壁，尤其可推斷D(現(xiàn)在城市開(kāi)始實(shí)施修復(fù)城市壁畫(huà)的巨大工程。)是正確答案，談?wù)摰氖菈Ρ诒诋?huà)修復(fù)工作，the project與空格后句子中的the work也有語(yǔ)義上的銜接。
48.C。空格位于段落的尾句，因而與前面的句子有語(yǔ)義上的銜接�？崭袂疤岬铰迳即壞切┠贻p的藝術(shù)家開(kāi)始研究20世紀(jì)早期的墨西哥壁畫(huà)，因而空格處話題應(yīng)與此有關(guān)，其中Mexican artists和Mexican mural painting體現(xiàn)出語(yǔ)義的銜接，故C(藝術(shù)家們喜歡壁畫(huà)是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g墨西哥藝術(shù)家的作品。)是正確答案，
49.E�？瘴挥诙沃�，所以與前后的句子都有語(yǔ)義上的銜接。從空格前的句子看，談?wù)摰氖荰he most famous mural，從空格后的代詞“it”可以判斷，談?wù)摰膶?duì)象是個(gè)單數(shù)，由此可知空格所在的句子談?wù)摰倪�是The most famous mural…，故E(壁畫(huà)代表了加州地區(qū)種族群體的歷史。)是正確答案。主語(yǔ)的一致性是體現(xiàn)語(yǔ)義銜接的重要標(biāo)志。
50.B�？瘴挥诙沃�，所以與前后的句子都有語(yǔ)義上的銜接。從空格前的句子看，談?wù)摰氖荎ent Twitchell所創(chuàng)作的該幅壁畫(huà)是為1984年洛杉磯奧運(yùn)會(huì)所做，空格是創(chuàng)作者Kent Twitchell對(duì)其含義的解釋，因而空格處談?wù)摰倪�是這幅畫(huà)，再結(jié)合復(fù)現(xiàn)詞匯Los Angeles可推斷空格處所填的句子為選項(xiàng)B或者選項(xiàng)F，但是選項(xiàng)F中的their murals為復(fù)數(shù)形式，由此可知B(這幅引人注目的作品刻畫(huà)了兩個(gè)人相互面對(duì)，分別立于洛杉磯市中心快車道的兩側(cè)的情況)為最佳答案。談?wù)搶?duì)象的單復(fù)數(shù)的一致性也是判斷語(yǔ)義銜接的重要標(biāo)志。
職稱英語(yǔ)歷年真題《綜合B》補(bǔ)全短文真題精選題(2)
The Day a Language Died
When Carios Westez died at the age of 76, a language died, too. Westez, more commonly
known as Red Thunder Cloud, was the last speaker of the Native American language Catawba.
Anyone who wants to hear the songs of the Catawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., where, back in the 1940s, Red Thunder Cloud recorded a series of songs for future generations. __________ (46) They are all that is left of the Catawba language. The language that people used to speak is gone forever.
We are all aware of the danger that modem industry can cause the world's ecology (生態(tài)).
However, few people are aware of the impact widely spoken languages have on other languages and ways of life. English has spread all over the word. Chinese, Spanish, Russian, and Hindi have become powerful languages as well. __________ (47) When this happens, hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few die out.
Scholars believe there are around 6,000 languages around the world, but more than half of them could die out within the next 100 years. There are many examples, Araki is a native language of the island of Vanuatu, located in the Pacific Ocean. It is spoken by only a few older adults, so like Catawba, Araki will soon disappear. Many languages of Ethiopia will have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers. __________(48) In the Americas,100 languages, each of which has fewer than 300 speakers, are dying out.
Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize the danger of language death and to try to do something about it. He was not actually born into the Catawba tribe, and the language was not his mother tongue.__________ (49) The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Institution helped to make Native American music popular. Now he is gone, and the language is dead.
What does it mean for the rest of us when a language disappears? When a plant insect or animal species dies, it is easy to understand what has been lost and to for the balance of the natural word. However, language is only a product of the mind. To be the last remaining speaker of a language, like Red Thunder, must be a peculiarly lonely destiny, almost as strange and terrible as being the last surviving member of a dying species. __________ (50)
A. Some people might want to learn some of these songs by hearts.
B. Papua New Guinea is an extremely rich source of different language, but more than 100of them are in danger of extinction ( 滅絕 ) .
C. However, he was a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carcinoma where he learned the language.
D. These languages don't have many native speakers.
E. For the rest of us, when a language dies, we lose the possibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world.
F. As these languages become more powerful, their use as tools of business and culture increase.
答案與解析
46.A。從原文來(lái)看，空白處前面一句講到那些想要聽(tīng)卡托巴語(yǔ)歌曲的人就需要聯(lián)系Smithsonian機(jī)構(gòu)，因?yàn)樵缭?0世紀(jì)40年代，Red Thunder Cloud為未來(lái)的后代灌錄了一系列的歌曲;空白處后一句說(shuō)的是這些歌曲都是以卡托巴語(yǔ)保留的。由此可知空白處應(yīng)該討論這些卡托巴語(yǔ)歌曲的事情，所以A(有些人可能想要用心學(xué)習(xí)這些歌曲)比較合適，符合內(nèi)容一致的原則。
47.F。從原文來(lái)看，空白處前面一句講的是漢語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)、俄語(yǔ)和印地語(yǔ)已經(jīng)變成很強(qiáng)大的語(yǔ)言(powerful)，與F項(xiàng)中powerful一致，而且these languages與空白處前的languages“Chinese，Spanish，Russian，and Hindi”指代也比較一致，所以F(當(dāng)這些語(yǔ)言變得更加強(qiáng)大時(shí)，他們作為商業(yè)和文化的工具的使用就會(huì)增加)符合原文，符合指代一致的原則。
48.B。從原文來(lái)看，空白處之前的句子說(shuō)的是埃塞俄比亞的許多語(yǔ)言也面臨著消亡的命運(yùn)，因?yàn)檎f(shuō)那些語(yǔ)言的人太少了;空白處之后的句子說(shuō)的是在美洲有近100種語(yǔ)言因?yàn)檎f(shuō)話人少于300人也正在消亡。所以空白處談?wù)摰囊矐?yīng)該是語(yǔ)言消亡的例子，再結(jié)合第三段的首句可知本段主要談?wù)撜Z(yǔ)言的消亡，所以B(新幾內(nèi)亞有著非常豐富的不同語(yǔ)言的來(lái)源，但是有100多種語(yǔ)言正瀕臨滅絕)是正確答案，符合內(nèi)容與段落主題句一致的原則，其中die out反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。
49.c。從原文來(lái)看，空白處前面一句講的是Red Thunder Cloud并非出生在卡托巴，而且卡托巴語(yǔ)也不是其母語(yǔ);空白處后一句講的是他為Smithsonian機(jī)構(gòu)所唱的歌曲使得美洲本土的音樂(lè)流行起來(lái)。因此，空白處談?wù)摰倪�是RedThunderCloud唱歌的問(wèn)題，所以C(但是，他經(jīng)常訪問(wèn)South Carcinoma的Catawba的保留地，并在那里學(xué)會(huì)了這種語(yǔ)言)比較符合原文語(yǔ)義，從邏輯上解釋了為什么卡托巴不是Red Thunder Cloud的母語(yǔ)，但是他卻會(huì)唱卡托巴語(yǔ)的歌曲，符合上下文邏輯一致的原則。
50.E。從該段的首句來(lái)看，本段主要討論語(yǔ)言消亡給我們帶來(lái)的后果，從剩余的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)D和E比較來(lái)看，E選項(xiàng)(對(duì)我們剩下的人而言，當(dāng)語(yǔ)言消亡的時(shí)候，我們失去了用一種獨(dú)特方式觀察和描述這個(gè)世界的可能性)符合該段的內(nèi)容，而且E項(xiàng)中的“for the restofus”與段落首句的“for the rest ofus”也保持了一致。
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