2017考研英語(yǔ)是長(zhǎng)難句的天下,英譯漢部分的句子幾乎毫無(wú)例外都是長(zhǎng)難句,不僅考察我們的語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)換能力,更考察對(duì)語(yǔ)法、句子結(jié)構(gòu)的把握。對(duì)此很多小伙伴表示:讀懂已經(jīng)很困難了,翻譯更是難上加難!yjbys小編為大家推薦的長(zhǎng)難句翻譯四大技巧,希望能幫助到大家!
以下面句子為例:
A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioral psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a“leader”in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform.
Step1:找主干
首先,讀懂句子要找出句子主干,哪怕結(jié)構(gòu)再?gòu)?fù)雜的句子,也只能有一個(gè)主干,認(rèn)準(zhǔn)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,主干就很好找。這句話的主干就是:Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life.
Step2:拆分結(jié)構(gòu)
找準(zhǔn)主干之后,剩下的就都是修飾成分。把這些修飾成分和修飾的對(duì)象都找出來(lái),一一對(duì)應(yīng),整理清楚,句子的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)也就明了了。
在此句中,A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioral psychology為狀語(yǔ),修飾主干;for their willingness to obey instructions given by a“leader”in a situation也是狀語(yǔ),修飾主干;in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions為狀語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾”situation”;(that)they were called upon to perform是定語(yǔ)從句中的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾”actions”。
Step3:逐句翻譯
因?yàn)榫渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,包含多層意思,很難直接完整地譯出來(lái),且中、英表達(dá)方式不同,語(yǔ)序難以對(duì)應(yīng),所以需要先把修飾部分單獨(dú)逐個(gè)翻譯,譯成幾個(gè)分句。
先翻第一個(gè)狀語(yǔ),它不影響主干表達(dá):A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioral psychology譯為“幾年前,在一次行為心理學(xué)中最吸引人但又最讓人不安的實(shí)驗(yàn)中”。
再譯主干部分:Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life,譯為“來(lái)自耶魯大學(xué)的Stanley Milgram測(cè)試了來(lái)自各行各業(yè)的40個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象”。
按順序往下譯,第二個(gè)狀語(yǔ)部分:for their willingness to obey instructions given by a“leader”in a situation,其中為了表達(dá)更順暢,可以把“their willingness”名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)詞,譯為“測(cè)試出在某一個(gè)情形中,他們?cè)敢庾袷赜梢粋(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者發(fā)出的指令。”
最后譯定語(yǔ)從句:in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform,譯為“在這一情形中,實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象可能會(huì)對(duì)被要求實(shí)施的行為產(chǎn)生個(gè)人的厭惡感”。
Step4:整理連貫
最后一步是把譯好的分句連綴起來(lái),順序可稍加調(diào)整,使之符合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣,通順流暢。這段話連綴整理為:“幾年前,在一次行為心理學(xué)中的最吸引人但又最讓人不安的實(shí)驗(yàn)中,來(lái)自耶魯大學(xué)的Stanley Milgram測(cè)試了來(lái)自各行各業(yè)的40個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象,以測(cè)試出在某一個(gè)情形中,他們?cè)敢庾袷赜梢粋(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者發(fā)出的指令,而在這一指令中,實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象可能會(huì)對(duì)被要求實(shí)施的行為產(chǎn)生個(gè)人的厭惡情緒。”
世上無(wú)難事,只怕有心人。在考研面前,任何困難都不值得恐懼,只要認(rèn)真+耐心,都能找到解決辦法。希望大家都能不懼艱難,掃清考研路上的障礙,成功走到最后。