OG13的推出大大降低了寫作部分的難度，保留Analysis of an Argument(論證分析)部分，刪除Analysis of an Issue(立論文章)，因此同學(xué)們可以有更多的時(shí)間備考主體部分。當(dāng)然，必要的準(zhǔn)備是不可缺少的，本文小編將對(duì)新OG中的Argument部分進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)答式攻略解析。
幾個(gè)非常常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題
1 AA部分要求我們寫一篇什么樣的文章?
Analysis of an Argument 是分析一個(gè)論證過(guò)程，所以我們需要寫出一篇評(píng)論。由于題目所給的Argument一般是不完整因而不可信的，所以我們的文章是以削弱為主要形式的評(píng)論型文章
2 什么是Argument?
Argument譯為論證過(guò)程，指的是作者為了說(shuō)服他人而使用一個(gè)前提——結(jié)論式結(jié)構(gòu)得出自己觀點(diǎn)的推理過(guò)程
一個(gè)完整的Argument包含以下四個(gè)要素
Premise——前提，能直接退出結(jié)論的一個(gè)條件
Assumption——假設(shè)，為了使論證更可信而額外設(shè)定的條件
Evidence——論據(jù)，為了使論證更可信而引用的客觀事實(shí)
Conclusion——結(jié)論，作者最終用于說(shuō)服他人而得出的觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)
一個(gè)說(shuō)服力較強(qiáng)的，完整的argument通常包含多個(gè)Assumption+Evidence來(lái)支持P——C結(jié)構(gòu)。
3 為什么要寫Analysis
從Argument結(jié)構(gòu)角度來(lái)講：我們題庫(kù)中的Argument文章一般是Assumption和Evidence大量缺失甚至出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，導(dǎo)致原文的結(jié)論很容易無(wú)法得出的文章。
所有的AA文章的基本表現(xiàn)形式為：“原文作者無(wú)法得出結(jié)論(因?yàn)?——削弱條件1+削弱條件2+削弱條件3——因此作者結(jié)論無(wú)法得出，如果想得出結(jié)論，就必須考慮到可能的削弱條件(123)”。
明確了這些問(wèn)題我們就可以很好地進(jìn)行Argument的解題了。
例題 【例題解析】
The following appears as part of an article in the travelsection of a newspaper.
“Overthe past decade, the restaurant industry in the country of Spiessa hasexperienced unprecedented growth. This surge can be expected to continue in thecoming years, fueled by recent social changes: personal incomes are rising,more leisure time is available, single-person households are more common, andpeople have a greater interest in gourmet food, as evidenced by a proliferationof publications on the subject.”
在這道題中我們看到了一篇論證文章，所以首先需要梳理的是原文邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：作者認(rèn)為本國(guó)正在發(fā)生一系列變化，這些變化“會(huì)在未來(lái)十年中一定促進(jìn)本國(guó)餐飲業(yè)發(fā)展”。
所以我們作為讀者可以根據(jù)原文信息進(jìn)行如下質(zhì)疑：
1. 社會(huì)發(fā)生變化不一定會(huì)帶來(lái)作者所預(yù)期的發(fā)展
2. 作者預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)十年的變化是一定發(fā)生的，根據(jù)何在
3. 作者所預(yù)測(cè)的發(fā)展發(fā)生在本國(guó)，有沒(méi)有其他的可能性導(dǎo)致餐飲業(yè)不會(huì)發(fā)展
【例文】
This article cites that as a result of the increasingpersonal incomes, and the rising leisure time, the growing universality ofsingle-person households, and the increasing interest in gourmet food, thesurge of the restaurant industry in the country of Spiessa can be expected tocontinue in the coming years. However, careful scrutiny of these evidencesreveals numerous potential problems and critical flaws that render its author’sposition untenable.
It is mentioned inthe article that the personal incomes in the country of Spiessa has beenincreasing. By this factor, the speaker is attempting to inform us thatcitizens will spend most of their increased incomes having dinner in the restaurants.However, this belief has distorted a plain truth. Consider, for example, peoplein this country tend to pay more attention on education, rather than eating,and they are more likely to invest their extra money on their children’seducation. Under such circumstances, it is unlikely for the restaurant industryto meet a continue surge.
Except for the fourreasons, the author also guaranteed that the surge of increasing food industrywill "continue" within the next years. The basis of his prediction issimple: all aspects concerned with food industry would remain during thisperiod. But it might turn out that his expectation could be vague. Thedevelopment of certain industries depends on complex issues, such as the costof raw materials or market condition. If either of the elements tends to beworse, the food industry could suffer from the crash and would not continue thesurge of "unprecedented growth".
The article made its own view for local R industry based oninterest of local residents in a travel section of magazine. This lead us tobelieve domestic consumption is a major portion within S r industry. But ifoverseas travellers spend more money on gourmet food in S, and they simplybecame less willing to visit S for food in the coming years, we can expectthese visitors as major consumer for S. Perhaps even domestic consumptioncouldn't make any contribution to boosting local R industry.
By way of conclusion, this argument has not succeeded inproviding compelling reasons to support the relationship described by theauthor. To strengthen the conclusion, the author should have to provide additionalevidences to support that the increase in all the four areas will have directproportional relationship with the sales of restaurants, and MAKE FURTHERSTATEMENT THAT more information linking the sales and the cost of therestaurants.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：這篇文章就是簡(jiǎn)單敘述了原文作者沒(méi)法達(dá)成論證目的的一個(gè)情形，因此比起Issue，Argument文章的難度會(huì)低一些，但是考生一定要理解，兩篇文章的本質(zhì)是一樣的——在文章中體現(xiàn)批判性思維。
總之，作文需要注意的最重要的一個(gè)知識(shí)體系就是批判性思維的靈活熟練應(yīng)用，在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行文章架設(shè)，同學(xué)們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)寫作能夠變得很輕松，所以在復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候，請(qǐng)注意批判性思維的體系我們是否已經(jīng)熟練掌握和理解，以及我們是否做到了知無(wú)不言，言無(wú)不盡。我們相信，有了這一知識(shí)體系，各位在復(fù)習(xí)GMAT的道路上會(huì)感覺(jué)更加輕松。