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小兒腹股溝滑疝的病因、發(fā)病機理、診斷和鑒別診斷

時間:2023-03-18 14:04:25 醫(yī)學畢業(yè)論文 我要投稿
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小兒腹股溝滑疝的病因、發(fā)病機理、診斷和鑒別診斷

小兒腹股溝滑疝的病因、發(fā)病機理、診斷和鑒別診斷 【摘要】 目的 探討小兒腹股溝滑疝的病因、發(fā)病機理、診斷和鑒別診斷。方法 從我院收治290例腹股溝斜疝中選取確診滑疝13例住院資料,結合國內外文獻,著重分析其病因、發(fā)病機理和診斷鑒別診斷。結果 發(fā)現(xiàn)女嬰腹股溝滑疝發(fā)病率比男嬰高得多,且女嬰均屬卵巢、輸卵管傘端滑出,男嬰滑出器官均為盲腸、闌尾和/或乙狀結腸。其原因除患者腹股溝內環(huán)腹膜壁層先天發(fā)育不良外,與卵巢、輸卵管傘接近腹股溝內環(huán)、卵巢懸韌帶和盲腸、乙狀結腸系膜較活動有關。小兒腹股溝滑疝的臨床表現(xiàn)與其他腹股溝斜疝相似,易發(fā)生誤診。結論 小兒腹股溝滑疝是由于腹股溝內環(huán)先天性發(fā)育不良和腹腔內較活動的器官滑出所致。臨床表現(xiàn)與一般常見的腹股溝斜疝相似,必須仔細鑒別。從其病因發(fā)病方面加以考慮,有助于明確診斷。

  【關鍵詞】 小兒;腹股溝滑疝;病因;發(fā)病機理;診斷;鑒別診斷

  The etio-pathogenesis,diagnosis and differential diagnosis of inguinal extrasaccular hernia in infants

  【Abstract】 Objective To study the etiopathogenisis, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of inguinal extrasaccular hernia in infants.Methods 13cases of inguinal extrasaccular hernia out of 290 cases of inguinal hernia in our hospital were investigated with referating the leterture, and focused the attention on its etidogy, pathogenisis and diagnosis,differential diagnosis.Results To reveal that the incidence of inguinal extrasaccular heruia in femal infants was much more than that in male infants, and the sliding substance of extrasaccular hernia were ovary and fallopian tube in femal infants and cecum,appendix and sigmoid in male infants.and the ligmenta suspersorium orarii and mesentery of cecum and sigmoid moved more easily. Its etiopathogenesis had relation to that the ovary and fallopian tube approached the inguinal inner circle and the mesentery of cecum and sigmoid moved more easily. The clinical features of inguinal extrasaccular hernia were similar to other inguinal oblique hernia, so that misdiagnosis was easily made.Conclusion Inguinal extrasaccular hernias in infants were due to congenital dysplasia of inguinal inner cirele and movable organs in abdominal cavity slided from abdominal cavity. Its clinical features were similar to general inguinal oblique hernia and that must careful be distinguished. Consideration for its etiopathogenesis can help to make correct diagnosis.

  【Key words】 infants;inguinal extrasaccular hernia;etio-pathogenesis;diagnosis;differential diagnosis

  腹股溝滑疝是腹股溝疝的一種特殊類型,發(fā)病率相當低,發(fā)病機理尚不十分明確,術前不易診斷,手術處理與其他腹股溝斜疝有所不同。鑒于此,我們收集這方面的病例病因和文獻資料,對其病因、發(fā)病機理、診斷和鑒別診斷進行分析研究。

  1 對象與方法

  從我院2002年1月~2005年2月收治小兒腹股溝斜疝290例中選取腹股溝滑疝13例的臨床病歷資料,并查閱國內外有關文獻,著重對小兒腹股溝滑疝的病因、發(fā)病機理、診斷和鑒別診斷進行分析研究。

  2 結果

  2.1 臨床主要表現(xiàn)

  同期收治小兒腹股溝斜疝290例中腹股溝滑疝13例,占4.5%。男3例,女10例,男女比為1:3.3。年齡18天~2歲4個月,平均1歲。病史1天~2年,平均9個月。13例除1例雙側疝(左側斜疝,右側滑疝)外,其余12例均為單側滑疝(左側7例,右側5例)。體格檢查:男孩疝塊較大,約3cm×3cm×5cm~4cm×4cm×5cm;女孩疝塊較小,約2cm×2cm×3cm~3cm×3cm×4cm。3例為嵌頓疝,手法復位失敗,6例復位困難或難以完全復位,復位后內環(huán)及其下方有組織增厚感,疝內容物易再次脫出。B超檢查:10例在疝內容物突出的情況下進行了B超檢查,其中6例探及混合性回聲團,內有氣體回聲團或腸蠕動;4例僅探及混合性回聲團;雠K器:女孩均為輸卵管和/或卵巢,其中1例右側卵巢、輸卵管及子宮角均滑出。男孩均為盲腸及闌尾。13例均采用Bevan術式,其中1例因滑出闌尾水腫,加闌尾切除術。3例嵌頓疝及8例內環(huán)擴大者,縫合縮小內環(huán)至1指尖。術中未誤傷滑出臟器,切口甲級愈合,未出現(xiàn)傷口血腫、積液等并發(fā)癥,術后隨訪1個月~4年,未見復發(fā)。

  2.2 病理檢查結果

  其中5例疝囊組織送病理科檢查。4例顯示疝囊壁主要由纖維結締組織構成,血管擴張充血和輕度水腫,1例除上述改變外,尚發(fā)生粘液變性。

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