- 相關(guān)推薦
英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中的十種猜詞法
由于近年來(lái)高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題在許多情況下對(duì)考綱外的生詞不夾注中文,尤其是高考英語(yǔ)還經(jīng)常直接對(duì)猜測(cè)生詞詞義設(shè)題,有時(shí)甚至還占有較高的比例,所以考生學(xué)會(huì)如何巧妙地根據(jù)文章所提供信息來(lái)猜測(cè)生詞是很有必要的。下面介紹幾種常見(jiàn)的猜測(cè)生詞詞義的方法。1. 定義法
定義法,即根據(jù)文章中的定義關(guān)系確定生詞的詞義。如:
(1)A glacier is a river of rice.
句義表明glacier 的意思是“冰河”。
(2)A linguist is a person who studies the science of language.
Linguist 就是一個(gè)“研究語(yǔ)言科學(xué)的人”,即“語(yǔ)言學(xué)家”。
2. 釋義法
釋義法,即根據(jù)文章中提供的釋義關(guān)系來(lái)確定生詞的詞義。如:
(1) They described him as a loom, or a foolish man.
句中的or 是對(duì)loom 的解釋,即 loom 與a foolish man 同義,即表示“笨蛋”。
(2) They are three kinds of snow. One kind is a fluffy snow which is somewhat dry and feathery.
定語(yǔ)從句 that is somewhat dry and feathery(有點(diǎn)兒干,像羽毛似的)表明fluffy snow 的意思可能是“鵝毛大雪”。
3. 同位法
同位法是對(duì)所修飾詞語(yǔ)的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明和解釋,若對(duì)所修飾的詞語(yǔ)不熟悉,可通過(guò)其后面同位語(yǔ)的“說(shuō)明或解釋”來(lái)確定詞義。如:
(1) His father is an expert in phonetics, the study of sounds of language.
同位語(yǔ) the study of sounds of language 表示phonetics 的意思是“語(yǔ)言學(xué)”。
(2) Jean was born with spina bifida, a birth illness that damages the spina (脊骨)
同位語(yǔ)a birth illness that damages the spina 表明了spina bifida 是一種病,一種對(duì)脊骨有害的病。
4. 對(duì)比法
對(duì)比法,即根據(jù)文章前后的對(duì)比關(guān)系來(lái)確定生詞的詞義。如:
(1) He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated .
句中的but 表明deteriorated 應(yīng)該與 get better 的意思相反,即“惡化”。
(2) Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type.
While 表示對(duì)比,意為“而”,所以loquacious 應(yīng)是silent的反義,即表示“多嘴的”。
5. 構(gòu)詞法
構(gòu)詞法,即根據(jù)前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等構(gòu)詞法判斷生詞的詞義。
如: (1) Overwork may cause diseases.
前綴over 的意思是“過(guò)分的,過(guò)量的”,故overwork的意思應(yīng)為“工作過(guò)度”。
(2) There was a dissatisfied look in the manager’s eyes.
satisfied 的意思是“滿意的”,前綴dis的意思是“不”,故dissatisfied 的意思應(yīng)該是“不滿意的”。
6.語(yǔ)境法
語(yǔ)境法,即根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境來(lái)猜測(cè)生詞的詞義。如:
The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer.
從這個(gè)人答語(yǔ)中的work as an engineer 可知,occupation的意思可能是“職業(yè)”。
7.列舉法
列舉法,即通過(guò)對(duì)文章所列舉的事物來(lái)猜測(cè)生詞的詞義。如:
(1) Children like such creatures as dogs and monkeys.
像dogs and monkeys之類的creatures,所以creatures 的意思應(yīng)是“動(dòng)物”。
(2) In your spare time, you may look through any of these periodicals: Time Magazine, News Week or The New Worker.
Periodicals 是生詞,但根據(jù)其后所列舉的例子可以推測(cè)出它的意思可能是“期刊”或“雜志”。
8.常識(shí)法
常識(shí)法,即根據(jù)常識(shí)推測(cè)生詞的詞義。如:
(1) It’s said that Bill Gates is the most affluent person in the world.
根據(jù)常識(shí),Bill Gates 為世界首富,所以affluent可能是“富有的”。
(2) As a scientist, Edison is very famous for his contrivances.
根據(jù)常識(shí),Edison 為發(fā)明大王,他因“發(fā)明”而聞名于世。
9類屬法
類屬法,即通過(guò)類屬來(lái)猜測(cè)生詞的詞義。如:
Bananas, oranges, pinenapples, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.
從句意可知,pineapples ,coconuts 與bananas,oranges 是同類事物,同屬水果(準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)是菠蘿和椰子)。
10.推理法
推理法,即根據(jù)文章的前后語(yǔ)境推測(cè)出生詞的詞義。如:
Everyone agreed that the woman in the photo was gorgeous. It was easy to see why she had won the beauty contest.
既然“她在選美比賽中獲勝”,說(shuō)明她“很美麗”。
【英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中的十種猜詞法】相關(guān)文章:
培養(yǎng)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)閱讀理解能力的方法與措施05-30
立足農(nóng)村中學(xué)生教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀 培養(yǎng)英語(yǔ)閱讀理解能力05-30
談如何提高俄語(yǔ)閱讀理解能力06-14
做閱讀理解題提高閱讀效率的學(xué)習(xí)和應(yīng)試策論文范文08-03
淺議如何提高初中生閱讀理解能力06-08
閱讀教學(xué)中“角色”意識(shí)的培養(yǎng)05-10