高級(jí)口譯外事接待筆記禮儀專(zhuān)用英語(yǔ)
開(kāi)幕/閉幕式 opening/closing ceremony
開(kāi)幕詞 opening speech/address
致開(kāi)幕詞 make an opening speech
友好訪問(wèn) goodwill visit
閣下 Your/His/Her Honor/Excellency
貴賓 distinguished guest
尊敬的市長(zhǎng)先生 Respected Mr.Mayor
遠(yuǎn)道而來(lái)/來(lái)自大洋彼岸的朋友 friends coming from a distant land/the other side of the Pacific
東道國(guó) host country
宣布……開(kāi)幕 declare……open
值此之際 on the occasion of
借此機(jī)會(huì) take this opportunity to
以……名義 in the name of
本著……精神 in the spirit of
代表 on the behalf of
由衷的謝意 heartfelt thanks
友好款待 gracious hospitality
正式邀請(qǐng) official invitation
回顧過(guò)去 look back on
展望未來(lái) look ahead/look into the future
最后 in closing
圓滿(mǎn)成功 a complete success
提議祝酒 propose a toast
第二部分 詞語(yǔ)擴(kuò)展
一、政治詞匯
亞太地區(qū) Asian-Pacific region
建交 establishment of diplomatic relations between
互訪 exchange of visit
外交政策 foreign policy
一貫奉行 in persistent pursuit of
平等互利 equality and mutual benefit
雙邊關(guān)系 bilateral relations
持久和平 lasting peace
二、政治詞匯
貿(mào)易額 trade volume
商業(yè)界 business community
跨國(guó)公司 transnational corporation
經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國(guó)/經(jīng)濟(jì)大國(guó)/經(jīng)濟(jì)列強(qiáng)（視具體情況翻譯）economic power
出國(guó)要小心的五個(gè)地方（1）
Cultural practices, cultural differences, local manners, and mores: traveling the globe can be a behavioral minefield, even when you have the best intentions. Everything from greeting to eating can be an opportunity to do the wrong thing, and not only embarrass yourself, but offend your host countrymen. Look out for the following cultural mistakes and try to avoid them while going abroad.
文化習(xí)慣、文化差異、當(dāng)?shù)囟Y儀和風(fēng)俗：即使你懷著良好的意愿，這些文化陷阱也可能讓你的環(huán)球旅游險(xiǎn)象環(huán)生。從問(wèn)候到飲食，稍不留神就會(huì)出差錯(cuò)，不僅讓自己難堪，還有可能冒犯東道主。到國(guó)外時(shí)要特別留心并盡量避免誤入以下幾種文化陷阱。
1.Touching Someone 觸摸他人
Where It's Offensive: Korea, Thailand, China, Europe, the Middle East.
禁忌地：韓國(guó)、泰國(guó)、歐洲、中東
What's Offensive 禁忌:
Personal space varies as you travel the globe. In Mediterranean countries, if you refrain from touching someone's arm when talking to them or if you don't greet them with kisses or a warm embrace, you'll be considered cold. But backslap someone who isn't a family member or a good friend in Korea, and you'll make them uncomfortable. In Thailand, the head is considered sacred--never even pat a child on the head.
個(gè)人空間的概念因地而異。在地中海國(guó)家，如果你和別人交談時(shí)沒(méi)有碰對(duì)方的手臂，或見(jiàn)面問(wèn)候時(shí)沒(méi)和對(duì)方親吻擁抱，別人會(huì)認(rèn)為你不熱情。但在韓國(guó)，拍別人的背會(huì)讓對(duì)方感覺(jué)不安，除非此人是你的家庭成員或好友。在泰國(guó)，頭是很神圣的部位——就算是小孩子的頭也不要隨便亂拍。
What You Should Do Instead 對(duì)策:
Observe what locals are doing and follow suit. In Eastern countries remember that touching and public displays of affection are unacceptable. In places like Qatar and Saudi Arabia, men and women are forbidden from interacting, let along touching.
觀察當(dāng)?shù)厝说囊慌e一動(dòng)并照著做。記住，在東方國(guó)家，身體接觸或在公眾場(chǎng)合流露感情往往不被人接受。在卡塔爾和沙特阿拉伯這樣的地方，男女交往都被禁止，更不要說(shuō)身體接觸了。
2.Blowing Your Nose 擤鼻涕
Where It's Offensive: Japan, China, Saudi Arabia, France.
禁忌地：日本、沙特阿拉伯、法國(guó)
What's Offensive 禁忌:
Some cultures find it disgusting to blow your nose in public--especially at the table. The Japanese and Chinese are also repelled by the idea of a handkerchief.
有些文化認(rèn)為當(dāng)眾擤鼻涕是讓人厭惡的行為——尤其在餐桌上。日本人還排斥使用手帕。
What You Should Do Instead 對(duì)策:
If traveling through Eastern and Asian countries, leave the hankies at home and opt for disposable tissues instead. In France as well as in Eastern countries, if you're dining and need to clear your nasal passages, excuse yourself and head to the restroom. Worst-case scenario: make an exaggerated effort to steer away from the table. Let's hope you don't have a cold.
到東方或亞洲國(guó)家旅游時(shí)，把手帕留在家中，選擇用一次性紙巾吧！在法國(guó)以及一些東方國(guó)家，如果在就餐過(guò)程中你需要擤鼻涕，要先說(shuō)聲“請(qǐng)?jiān)彙痹偃ハ词珠g。最糟糕的情景是：極為夸張地從餐桌上扭過(guò)頭去擤鼻涕。還是祈禱自己不要感冒吧！
3.Talking Over Dinner 就餐時(shí)談話(huà)
Where It's Offensive: Africa, Japan, Thailand, China, Finland.
禁忌地：非洲、日本、泰國(guó)、芬蘭
What's Offensive 禁忌:
In some countries, like China, Japan, and some African nations, the food's the thing, so don't start chatting about your day's adventures while everyone else is digging into dinner. You'll likely be met with silence--not because your group is unfriendly, but because mealtimes are for eating, not talking. Also avoid conversations in places a country might consider sacred or reflective--churches in Europe, temples in Thailand, and saunas in Finland.
在日本和一些非洲國(guó)家，吃飯就是吃飯，所以當(dāng)其他人都在大快朵頤時(shí)，不要談?wù)撃惝?dāng)天的.經(jīng)歷。你可能會(huì)遭遇沉默——這并非你的同伴不友好，而是因?yàn)榫筒蜁r(shí)間只應(yīng)吃飯，無(wú)需交談。也要避免在一些被認(rèn)為是神圣或需要沉思的地方談話(huà)——比如歐洲的教堂、泰國(guó)的廟宇和芬蘭的桑拿浴室。
What You Should Do Instead 對(duì)策:
Keep quiet! 保持沉默！
4.Removing Your Shoes…or Not 脫鞋......與否
Where It's Offensive: Hawaii, the South Pacific, Korea, China, Thailand.
禁忌地：夏威夷、太平洋群島、韓國(guó)、泰國(guó)
What's Offensive 禁忌:
Take off your shoes when arriving at the door of a London dinner party and the hostess will find you uncivilized, but fail to remove your shoes before entering a home in Asia, Hawaii, or the Pacific Islands and you'll be considered disrespectful. Not only does shoe removal very practically keeps sand and dirt out of the house, it's a sign of leaving the outside world behind.
到倫敦人家里參加宴會(huì)時(shí)脫掉鞋子，女主人會(huì)認(rèn)為你不文明，但去亞洲、夏威夷或太平洋群島的居民家中不脫鞋卻被認(rèn)為失禮。脫掉鞋子不僅把沙粒與塵土留在了門(mén)外，更意味著把外面的世界拋之腦后。
What You Should Do Instead 對(duì)策:
If you see a row of shoes at the door, start undoing your laces. If not, keep the shoes on.
如果你在門(mén)口看到一排鞋子，就解開(kāi)自己的鞋帶。否則，就穿鞋進(jìn)去吧！
5.Knowing Your Right from Your Left 分清左右手
Where It's Offensive: India, Morocco, Africa, the Middle East.
禁忌地：印度、非洲、中東
What's Offensive 禁忌:
Many cultures still prefer to eat using traditional methods--their hands. In these cases, food is often offered communally, which is why it's important to wash your hands before eating and observe the right-hand-is-for-eating and the left-hand-is-for-other-duties rule. If you eat with your left hand, expect your fellow diners to be mortified. And when partaking from a communal bowl, stick to a portion that's closest to you. Do not get greedy and plunge your hand into the center.
許多文化依然推崇傳統(tǒng)的進(jìn)食方式——用手吃。在這種情況下，食物往往是眾人一起分享的，因此飯前洗手很重要，而且要遵守用右手吃東西的習(xí)俗（左手往往有其他用途）。如果你用左手吃，同伴會(huì)感覺(jué)蒙受羞辱。當(dāng)大家一起從公共的碗里取食時(shí)，就吃離你最近的那部分吧，不要貪婪地把手伸向飯碗中央。
What You Should Do Instead 對(duì)策:
Left-handed? Attempt to be ambidextrous--even children who are left-handed in these cultures are taught to eat with their right hand--or at least explain yourself to your fellow diners before plunging in.
你是左撇子嗎？還是努力讓自己的雙手都靈巧吧——在這些文化里，即使是左撇子的孩子也被教會(huì)用右手吃飯——或者至少吃飯前向同伴解釋一下。
Once you are on the ground of a different country, remain highly sensitive to native behavior. Never be completely surprised by anything; try to take it in stride, and don't feel offended if something seems offensive--like queue jumping. After all, this is a global village, and we are all very different.
一旦你踏上異國(guó)的土地，就要對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厝说囊慌e一動(dòng)高度敏感。千萬(wàn)不要大驚小怪，盡量使自己泰然自若，對(duì)一些看似無(wú)禮的行為也不要惱火——比如插隊(duì)。畢竟，我們生活在一個(gè)地球村，不同的文化構(gòu)成了我們共同的家園。
煮酒話(huà)英文
西方人將酒大致分成三類(lèi)：1. liquor 烈酒，包括brandy 白蘭地、whiskey 威士忌、vodka 伏特加、tequila 龍舌蘭等；2. beer 啤酒；3. wine 葡萄酒和水果酒。除此之外，還有cocktail 雞尾酒、mixed drink 調(diào)酒、liqueur利口酒（具甜味而芳香的烈酒）。
好朋友一起喝酒，往往未動(dòng)筷吃菜就先干三杯，"Cheers"之聲不絕于耳，而且必須Bottoms up（干杯，杯底不要養(yǎng)金魚(yú)）。“干杯”還有其他的英文說(shuō)法，Let's make a toast.是其中一個(gè)。據(jù)說(shuō)，從前人們?cè)诤染频臅r(shí)候，為了加重酒味，會(huì)在杯子里放一小片土司，而這就是這句話(huà)的由來(lái)。
英文中喝酒喝很多的人是heavy drinkers（酒鬼，就像把癮君子叫做heavy smokers一樣），而形容一個(gè)人喝很多酒、很會(huì)喝酒則是drink like a fish，即牛飲、海量。
喜歡喝酒的人不僅自己喝，也喜歡勸別人喝。勸酒就是強(qiáng)迫別人喝酒，英文叫做force others to drink。但是，如果是跟外國(guó)人一起喝酒的場(chǎng)合，這一點(diǎn)必須小心為好。
Drinking Alcohol the Wrong Way 飲酒禮儀
Where It's Offensive: Latin America, France, South Korea, Russia. 禁忌地：拉丁美洲、法國(guó)、韓國(guó)、俄羅斯
What's Offensive: Every culture has different traditions when it comes to drinking etiquette. Fail to consume a vodka shot in one gulp in Russia, and your host will not be impressed. Refill your own wine glass in France without offering more to the rest of the table, and you've made a faux pas. In South Korea, women can pour only men's drinks--not other women's--and if you want a refill, you need to drain your glass. And if you're in Latin America, never pour with your left hand--that's bad luck.
不同文化的飲酒禮儀也迥異。在俄羅斯，你若不能一口喝完杯中的伏特加酒，主人就會(huì)很不滿(mǎn)意。而在法國(guó)，只給自己添酒而不顧及同桌的其他客人，會(huì)被看作失禮。在韓國(guó)，女性只能給男性倒酒——不能為其他女性倒酒——如果你想添酒，要先把杯里的酒喝干。在拉丁美洲，千萬(wàn)不要用左手倒酒——那會(huì)帶來(lái)壞運(yùn)氣。
What You Should Do Instead: Until you're culturally fluent, leave it to your pals to pour.
對(duì)策：除非你對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)匚幕巳缰刚疲咕七@種活兒還是留給你的同伴吧！
英文里還有和飲酒相關(guān)的，有趣且實(shí)用的說(shuō)法：
1 quit drinking 戒酒
想表達(dá)“滴酒不沾”的意思，可以說(shuō)：I don't want to drink anything with alcohol，千萬(wàn)別說(shuō)成：I don't want to drink anything，否則別人可能誤以為你連水、咖啡和果汁都不喝了。
2 借酒澆愁
想表達(dá)“借酒澆愁”的時(shí)候可以說(shuō)：My wife drives me to drink 我的太太逼得我借酒消愁。
3 再來(lái)一杯
如果你已經(jīng)點(diǎn)了一杯酒，但后來(lái)又想點(diǎn)二杯，你就可以說(shuō)：Make it two. 或者M(jìn)ake that a double, please. 這里的make 是不是既簡(jiǎn)單又生動(dòng)?
4 喝醉了
喝醉的人很少會(huì)承認(rèn)自己喝醉，他們總是喜歡說(shuō)：Let's go bar-hopping. 咱們?cè)俸纫惠�。Let's drink till we drop. 一醉方休。 I am still sober. 我很清醒。要是你想強(qiáng)調(diào)自己非常清醒的話(huà)，則可以說(shuō)：I am stone sober. 或是I am cold sober。
如果要說(shuō)自己醉了的話(huà)，就是：I am drunk. 俚語(yǔ)的說(shuō)法可以把 drunk 換成afloat, all at sea, bashed, belted 或是 boozed。還有一個(gè)跟醉酒有關(guān)的詞叫 hangover宿醉，也就是指喝醉酒后隔天早上醒來(lái)頭痛等等的癥狀。
中外文化差異與禮儀
第一幕：一位學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)向教師們介紹新來(lái)的美國(guó)老師
Ladies and gentlemen, I'm delighted to introduce to you a very pretty girl, Miss Brown. She is a very good teacher from the USA.對(duì)這番話(huà)，美國(guó)女教師一臉難堪的樣子。
文化差異：中國(guó)人介紹來(lái)賓，喜歡用褒揚(yáng)的話(huà)語(yǔ)言辭。但美國(guó)人認(rèn)為，初次結(jié)識(shí)，相互介紹，不必評(píng)頭論足。凡是主觀性的評(píng)論，盡管是美言，也會(huì)給人唐突、強(qiáng)加的感覺(jué)。對(duì)以上那番話(huà)，美國(guó)女教師感到難堪的是pretty和good兩個(gè)詞。在那種場(chǎng)合，介紹應(yīng)該突出背介紹人的身份、學(xué)歷、職務(wù)等，而不應(yīng)該是外貌和抽象的評(píng)論。相比之下，如果把pretty和good改成實(shí)際教育背景和經(jīng)歷，這樣的介紹句比較客觀，令人容易接受。比較下面改變措辭的介紹：
Ladies and gentlemen, I'm delighted to introduce to you a new teacher from the USA., Miss Ann Brown. She is a doctor of American Literature with experience of teaching English as a Foreign Language.
特別忠告：介紹客人要介紹客觀事實(shí)，不要主觀評(píng)論。要注重身份，不要著眼外貌。
第二幕：一位美國(guó)同事感冒了，中國(guó)同事表示關(guān)心
Chinese: You look pale. What's the matter?
American: I'm feeling sick. A cold, maybe.
Chinese: Go and see the doctor. Drink more water. Did you take any pills? Chinese medicine works wonderful. Would you like to try? Put on more clothes. Have a good rest.
American: You are not my mother, are you?
文化差異：美國(guó)人比較看中個(gè)人的獨(dú)立性。受人照顧往往被視為弱者。給對(duì)方出主意或提建議時(shí)，不能使對(duì)方認(rèn)為自己小看他的能力。美國(guó)人對(duì)上面第一句話(huà)的反應(yīng)通常是"Take care of yourself. I hope you'll be better soon."不必教人怎么做。中國(guó)人則以出主意提建議表示關(guān)心，而且以兄弟姐妹或父母親人的口吻，或以過(guò)來(lái)人的口氣，這對(duì)美國(guó)人行不通。
特別忠告：對(duì)病人表示關(guān)心，不必盡提建議。
特別成就感：
�。�1）I'm sorry to hear that (you've got a bad cold).
(2)I hope you'll be all right very soon.
(3)Take extra care of yourself.
(4)That's too bad. What's the matter?
(5)How are you feeling now?
第三幕：有空來(lái)坐坐
一位美國(guó)教師在中國(guó)任教，中國(guó)同事總是對(duì)她說(shuō)："有空來(lái)坐坐"。可是，半年過(guò)去了，美國(guó)同事從來(lái)沒(méi)有上過(guò)門(mén)。中國(guó)同事又對(duì)她說(shuō)："我真的歡迎你來(lái)家里坐坐。如果沒(méi)空的話(huà)，隨時(shí)打電話(huà)來(lái)聊聊也行。"一年下來(lái)，美國(guó)同事既沒(méi)有來(lái)電話(huà)，也沒(méi)有來(lái)訪。奇怪的事，這位美國(guó)人常為沒(méi)人邀請(qǐng)她而苦惱。
文化差異：中國(guó)親朋好友合同事之間的串門(mén)很隨便，邀請(qǐng)別人來(lái)訪無(wú)需喂對(duì)方確定時(shí)間，自己去探訪別人無(wú)需鄭重其事征得同意。美國(guó)人則沒(méi)有串門(mén)的習(xí)慣。一年內(nèi)遇到大節(jié)日，親朋好友才到家里聚一聚。平時(shí)如果有事上門(mén)，實(shí)現(xiàn)要有時(shí)間確切的預(yù)約。沒(méi)有得到對(duì)方的應(yīng)允，隨時(shí)隨地隨便上門(mén)時(shí)不禮貌的行為。因此，美國(guó)同事對(duì)"有空來(lái)坐坐"這句話(huà)只當(dāng)作虛禮客套，不當(dāng)作正式邀請(qǐng)。無(wú)事打電話(huà)閑聊也是美國(guó)人視為打亂別人私人時(shí)間和活動(dòng)安排的毛是行為。若想邀請(qǐng)美國(guó)人上門(mén)，應(yīng)當(dāng)誠(chéng)意的于對(duì)方商定一個(gè)互相都方便的時(shí)間。
特別忠告：有心約會(huì)要主動(dòng)約時(shí)間地點(diǎn)
特別成就感：
（1）.I'd like to make an appointment with you. When will you be free/available?
(2). Let's get together some time next week. What date do you suggest?
(3). How about coming to my place for dinner this Saturday?
(4). I'd like to… What time would be convenient for you?
(5). Would…suit you?
(6). I wonder if we could arrange a meeting…
(7). Do you happen to be free on…?
(8). Have you got any plan for this weekend? How about…?
(9). I am having some friends around during the weekend. Would you like to join us?
Etiquette of a Gentleman(二)——紳士禮儀(二)
The basic of Chivalry
In addition to the aforementioned rules(General Etiquette), gentleman should follow these additional rules when in the presence of a lady. Chivalry may be on life support, but it not dead yet. Be one of the few to keep this flame burning for many years to come.
ALWAYS OPEN DOORS
This is perhaps the most basic rule of male etiquette out there. It is also one of the easiest to follow so you have no reason to forget it. Whether she is about to enter your car, restaurant, club, or anyplace with a door, you should always hold it open. If there are many doors, then hold them open one after another.
PUT ON HER COAT
Always help a lady put on her coat or overgarment. This is a simple but powerful action.
HELP WITH HER SEAT
If an unaccompanied lady is sitting next to you,it is important that you help her be seated by pulling her chair out for her and gently pushing it back into place, with the lady seated of course.
GIVE UP YOUR SEAT
If a lady arrives at the table and there are no available seats, you should stand up and offer yours to her.
STAND AT ATTENTION
Always stand when a lady enters or exists the room. This rule has been somewhat relaxed, so you can stand upon entrance but remain seated upon exit. Nonethelss, if you cn do both, you should.
GIVE HER YOUR ARM
When escorting a lady (that you know) to and from social events, you should offer her your arm. This is a little more intimate, but serves well when walking on uneven ground-especially if she’s wearing high heels.
ASK IF SHE NEEDS ANYTHING
This is one that most guys already do, but helps complete a gentleman. When at social events, make sure to ask the lady if you can get her something to drink or eat, (depending on the event), show her that you care about her comfort and needs.
Gentlemen, if I may call you that, these are the rules of etiquette you should observe in everyday life. Elevate yourself above the rabble and display the mannerisms of a true gentleman. The world will appreciate such a rarity and your career will most definitely benefit from your good manners and savoir-faire.
——By Michael Bucci
Etiquette of a Gentleman(一)——紳士禮儀(一)
One only needs to take a quick glance around to notice that thhere are very few true gentleman remaining among us. In times past, a gentleman was much appreciated and being gentlemanly was a noble thing.
Alas, things have changed in today’s society; some for the better and some for the worse. One thing that particularly irks me is the lack of good taste and etiquette most guys are guilty of at the turn of this new millennium.
I’m not saying that man should act like robots and be slaves to etiquette, but some basic good manners will go a long way in helping you during your asent to the top.
What I’ve done is compile a quick list of tips that will help turn even the blundering fool into a proper gentleman. Follow these simple tips and I can assure you that people will perceive you as a man of good breeding and taste, hence a man they wish to associate and conduct business with. Not to mention the fact that the ladies are always quite pleased to meet a real gentleman.
General Etiquette
ALWAYS BE POLITE
Even if you don’t like someone, there is no need to lower yourself to their level. Be polite and courteous; show that you’re the better man.
DO NOT CURSE
Swearing is a big no-no. It shows that you don’t have the vocabulary to express your thoughts appropriately. Furthermore, it is always very crude and impolite to be vulgar.
DO NOT SPEAK LOUDLY
When you speak loudly, it raises the stress level among company. It always implied that you can’t reason with people and rely on “brute force” to get your point across. It also draws attention—negative attention.
DO NOT LOSE YOUR TEMPER
When you lose your temper, you are showing everyone that you can’t control your emotions. If you can’t even control yourself, then how can you possibly control anything else? Keep you cool at all times (it won’t be easy but it is worth the effort) and people will take positive note of your level-headedness.
DO NOT STARE
Ogling someone is the equivalent of psychological aggression. You don’t want to intimidate people for no reason.
DO NOT INTERRUPT
Let people finish what they are saying before adding your comments. Interrupting others is a sign of poor etiquette and a lack of social skills. If you want to come across as egotistical, you can so by constantly interrupting.
DO NOT SPIT
A lot of men do this almost subconsciously. Spitting is very crude and not too pretty to look at. Do not spit in public unless you want to look like you were raised in a sewer.
RESPECT YOUR ELDERS
In fact, you should respect others as you would like them to respect you. I am specifying elders because it seems today, young men think they know it all. Well, they don’t. Just think of yourself five years ago…you’re much smarter and experienced today, aren’t you? Of course, yet you thought you knew it all five years ago.
DO NOT LAUGH AT OTHERS' MISTAKES
This is perhaps one of the crudest things one can do. When you mess up, the last thing you want is for someone not only to bring it to your attention, but to ridicule you on top of that.
REMOVE YOUR HAT INDOORS
This rule seems to have gone out the window these days. You should remove your headwear upon entering a building. Furthermore, never keep your hat on while at the dinner table. It reflects very poor etiquette.
WAITING FOR SEATING BEFORE EATING
When sitting down for a meal, you should wait until all the guests are properly seated and ready to commence the meal before eating. Everyone should start dining at the same time, this is a subtle but very important rule.
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