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2016年12月ACCA考試F4練習附答案
第一節(jié) 定語從句講解、練習及譯法
1.that和which用法比較：
1) which用于非限定性定語從句中。
e.g.: He said he was busy, which was not true.
他說他很忙，那是假的。
We don’t want to enter the house, which is very cold.
我們不想進房間，因為太冷了。
2) which用于介詞后做賓語。
e.g.: The room of which windows are opposite to the room is large.
窗戶正對著海的房間很大。
The chair in which you are sitting is made of iron.
你坐的椅子是用鋼做的。
3) that一定用于“不(不定代詞作先行詞時)止(“只是”only修飾先行詞時)最(形容詞最高級修飾先行詞時)兩(先行詞同時出現(xiàn)人和物)序(序數(shù)詞修飾先行詞時)”五種情況。
e.g.: All that you need is help. 你所需要的是幫助。
A lot of things and children that are full of the car were lost in the district.
裝滿了車的東西和孩子們在這個地區(qū)失蹤了。
That is only thing that I want to know.
那是我唯一想知道的事情。
The last book that you bought is that I wanted to buy.
你買的最后一本書是我想買的。
What is the size of the largest map that you have seen before?
你以前見過的最大的尺寸的地圖有多大?
2.定語從句的種類
定語從句可分為非限定性定語從句(描繪性定語從句)和限定性定語從句。
e.g.: They don’t like that person who is noisy.
他們不喜歡那個吵鬧的人。
*非限定性定語從句(描繪性定語從句)和先行詞關系緊密，不可省略。
e.g.: They don’t like that person, who is noisy.
他們不喜歡那個人，因為他太吵鬧了。
*限定性定語從句和先行詞關系疏松，用逗號和主句隔開，可以省略。它翻譯時，相當于一個狀語從句。
語法及詞匯練習
1. The bridge was named __ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.
A after B with C by D from
2. There were no tickets __ for Friday’s performance.
A preferable B considerable C possible D available
3. __ the Revolutionary War, the United States was an English colony.
A Inferior to B Superior to C Prior to D Preferable to
4. Cancer is second only __ heart disease as a cause of death.
A of B to C with D from
5. It wasn't such a good dinner __ she had promised us.
A that B which C as D what
6. American women were __ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.
A ignored B neglected C refused D denied
7. They decided to chase the cow away __ it did more damage.
A unless B until C before D although
8. __ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.
A Each B Any C Either D One
9. The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at __ chemist’s.
A each B some C any D certain
10. All __ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.
A what is needed B for our needs C the thing needed D that is needed
11. __ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
A When compared B Compare C While comparing D Comparing
12. After __ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.
A being interviewed B interviewed C interviewing D having interviewed
第二節(jié)
1.定語從句的前置合譯法：
On the whole, such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.
譯文：總的來說，得出這種結(jié)論是有一定程度把握的，但是必須具備兩個條件：能夠假定這個孩子對測試的態(tài)度和與他比較的另一些孩子的態(tài)度相同;他也沒有因為缺乏別的孩子已掌握的有關知識而被扣分。
2.定語從句的前置合譯法與后置分譯法：
Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate response will experience greater intellectual development.
譯文：行為主義者認為, 如果兒童的成長環(huán)境里有許多刺激因素, 這些因素又有利于其適當反應能力的發(fā)展, 那么, 兒童的智力就會發(fā)展到較高的水平。
The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took roots in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.
譯文：希臘人認為，語言結(jié)構(gòu)與思維能力過程之間存在著某種聯(lián)系。這一觀點在人們尚未認識到語言的千差萬別以前就早已在歐洲扎下了根。
3.定語從句的溶合變譯法;
This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.(48 words)
譯文：這種假設是依據(jù)這樣的一種謬論：人的本性中存在天生的惰性。而實際上，除了特別懶惰的人以外，幾乎沒有人愿意掙只相當于最低生活維持費的錢，也沒有人愿意飽食終日、無所事事。
定語從句翻譯練習：
1. Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.
在20世紀以前, 小說中的婦女像都是一個模式。她們沒有任何特點, 因而無法成為具有個性的人; 他們還要屈從于由男性主宰的文化傳統(tǒng)強加給他們的種種束縛。
2. Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.
鋁總是跟其他元素結(jié)合在一起, 最普遍的是跟氧結(jié)合; 因為鋁跟氧有很強的親和力, 由于這個原因, 在自然界找不到游離狀態(tài)的鋁。所以, 鋁直到19世紀才被人發(fā)現(xiàn)。
3. They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.
對于以往幾代人來說, 舊式的體力勞動是一種用以擺脫貧困的手段, 而技術(shù)的進步則摧毀了窮人賴以為生的體力勞動, 因此首先體驗到技術(shù)進步之害的是窮人。
4. The number of the young people in the United States who can’t read is incredible about one in four.
大約有1/4的美國青年人沒有閱讀能力, 這簡直令人難以置信。(前置譯法)
第三節(jié) 非謂語動詞的譯法
1.Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. (現(xiàn)在分詞正常使用)
即使在我們關掉了床頭燈深深地進入夢鄉(xiāng)時, 電仍在為我們工作: 幫我們開動電冰箱, 把水加熱, 或使室內(nèi)空調(diào)機繼續(xù)運轉(zhuǎn)。
2.Taking the train, the two friends arrived in Berlin in late October 1922, and went directly to the address of Chou-En Lai.
他們兩個人坐火車于1922年3月到柏林，立即去周恩來的住處。
The farmer of 1800, using a hand sickle, could hope to cut a fifth of a hectare of wheat a day.
在1800年，一個農(nóng)民，使用鐮刀，在一天內(nèi)可望收割五分之一公頃小麥。
3.When Chou En Lai’s door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.
周恩來的房門打開時，他們看到的是一個身材瘦小、比普通人略高一點的人，兩眼閃著光輝，面貌很引人注意，稱得上清秀。
4.With the prices and house rents increasing rapidly, many young university graduates cannot earn their living, let alone support parents.
隨著物價和房租迅速上漲，許多年輕大學畢業(yè)生無法掙錢養(yǎng)活自己，更不用說贍養(yǎng)父母。
5.Situated at the base of the Mt. Lofty Ranges, Adelaide enjoys a Mediterranean climate.
阿德萊德位于羅夫迪嶺山麓，屬地中海型氣候。
This area, noted for its beautiful scenery, was counted as one of the eight outstanding views of Beijing.
附近風光秀麗，過去是燕京八景之一。
6.Ignoring the chair offered him, Chu Teh stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was.
朱德顧不得來過來的椅子，端端正正地站在這個比他年輕十幾歲的青年面前，用平穩(wěn)的語調(diào)說明自己的身份。
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