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公共英語(yǔ)二級(jí)考試語(yǔ)法精選講解
引導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：下面是小編整理的一些公共英語(yǔ)二級(jí)考試的語(yǔ)法精選講解，語(yǔ)法盲的同學(xué)可要認(rèn)真看看啦，小編覺(jué)得學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法要掌握規(guī)律，循序漸進(jìn)，這樣才能更好地把握語(yǔ)法要領(lǐng)。
比較過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
舉例：
I saw this film yesterday.
(強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。)
I have seen this film.
(強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。)
Why did you get up so early?
(強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過(guò)了。)
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
(強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。)
She has returned from Paris.
她已從巴黎回來(lái)了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回來(lái)了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))
He has been a League member for three years.
(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入團(tuán)，joined為短暫行為。)
I have finished my homework now.
——Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
——He's already been sent for.
句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。
(錯(cuò))Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(對(duì))Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型
1)It is the first/second time…. that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2)This is the… that…結(jié)構(gòu)，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.
這是我第一次聽(tīng)他唱歌。
典型例題
(1) ——Do you know our town at all?
——No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選B.
(2) ——Have you ____ been to our town before?
——No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意為曾經(jīng)或無(wú)論何時(shí)，反意詞為never，此兩詞常用于完成時(shí)。This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is/was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，從句要用完成時(shí)。
注意：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。
(錯(cuò))I have received his letter for a month.
(對(duì))I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
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