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英語語法總結(jié)之倒裝篇
倒裝是高中語法中的一個(gè)重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)。在英語中，倒裝有很多種，在學(xué)習(xí)中要注意總結(jié)和區(qū)分。以下是小編為大家收集的英語語法總結(jié)之倒裝篇，希望能夠幫助到大家。
英語語法總結(jié)之倒裝篇 1
根據(jù)語法要求，把謂語動(dòng)詞置于主語前，稱為完全倒裝，把助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞置于主語前，稱為部分倒裝。
1.副詞如：in, out, down, there, here, off, over, away, etc. 句子倒裝。（完全倒裝，但主語不能是代詞）
Down jumped the murderer from the tenth floor.
In came Miss Green.
特別注意：當(dāng)主語是人稱代詞時(shí)不倒裝。
Away she went! （她走了�。�
Here you are! （你在這兒�。�
2.only + 副詞（介詞短語）位于句首，句子要倒裝。
Only then did he realize that he was mistaken.
Only by working hard can we succeed in doing anything.
3.well, so, often, such, few, little 放于句首，句子形成倒裝。
So fine was the weather that we all went out lying in the sun.
Well did I know him and well did he know me.
4.否定詞或具有否定意義的詞及詞組用在句首時(shí)，句子須倒裝。此類詞有： neither，nor，hardly，scarcely， rarely，seldom，not，never，not only，barely，at no time，nowhere等。
——Jack could not swim.
——Neither could Tom.
Never have I seen such a good movie.
5.as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，須倒裝。（準(zhǔn)確地說，是將需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的'詞提到as的前面。）
Rich as he is, he spends a cent on charity.
Try as he does, he never seems able to do the work beautifully.
6.在表示祝愿的句子中。
May you make greater progress! （愿你取得更大進(jìn)步�。�
7.在虛擬條件句中，連詞if省略時(shí)，句型要倒裝，即將were, had, should等詞提到句首。
Were I you, I would go abroad to take advanced study.
我要是你，就出國進(jìn)修了。
Should he come tomorrow, he would help us to settle the problem.
他要是明天來的話，他會(huì)幫我們解決這個(gè)問題的。
8.百分特例重點(diǎn)：
Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want.
英語語法總結(jié)之倒裝篇 2
一、全部倒裝
全部倒裝是指將句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：
1. here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首,謂語動(dòng)詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。例如：
1) There goes the bell. 鈴聲漸漸消失了。
2) Then came the chairman. 然后主席就來了
3) Here is your letter. 這是你的信。
2.表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首，謂語表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。例如：
1) Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轟炸機(jī)下面發(fā)出了一顆導(dǎo)彈。
2) Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。例如：
1) Here he comes.他來了。
2) Away they went. 他們走了。
二、部分倒裝
部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語之前。
1. 句首為否定或半否定的詞語，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…等。例如：
1) Never have I seen such a performance.我從來沒看過這樣的表演。
2) Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 你在哪兒都不會(huì)找到這個(gè)問題的答案。
3) Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 媽媽直到孩子睡著才離開房間。
注意：當(dāng)Not until引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。
注意：如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。例如：
1) I have never seen such a performance.我從來沒看過這樣的表演。
2) The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.媽媽直到孩子睡著才離開房間。
2. 帶有否定意義的詞放在句首，語序需要部分倒裝。常見的詞語有：not , never , seldom , scarcely , barely , little , at no time , not only , not once , under on condition , hardly…when , no sooner…than…等。例如：
1) Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他不僅拒收了禮品，還狠狠批評(píng)了送禮的人。
2) Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.她剛要出門時(shí)有個(gè)學(xué)生來找她。
3) No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她剛要走時(shí)一個(gè)學(xué)生來看她。
注意：只有當(dāng)Not only…but also連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Not only…but also僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
Not only you but also I am fond of music. 我和你都喜歡音樂。
3. 表示"也"、"也不"的.so, neither, nor放在句首時(shí)，句子作部分倒裝。例如：
1) Tom can speak French. So can Jack. Tom能說法語，我也能。
2) If you wont go, neither will I. 如果你不去，我也不去。
注意：當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對(duì)上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為"的確如此"。例如：
1) Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. Tom讓我去踢足球，我去了。
2) ---Its raining hard. ---So it is. ---雨下得很大。 ---的確很大。
4. only放在句首，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語（副詞，介詞短語或狀語從句等），全句語序要部分倒裝。例如：
Only in this way, can you learn English well.你只有用這種方法才能學(xué)好英語。
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 他被請(qǐng)了三次才來開會(huì)。
注意：如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.他只有病得非常嚴(yán)重時(shí)才會(huì)臥床休息。
三、as, though引導(dǎo)的倒裝句
as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前（形容詞,副詞,分詞,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前）。此時(shí)應(yīng)注意：1)句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞；2)句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語和狀語,隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語之前。例如：
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 盡管他愿意努力工作，但是他好像從來都不能令他的工作満意。
注意: 讓步狀語從句中，有though，although時(shí)，后面的主句不能有but，但是though和yet可連用。
四、其他部分倒裝
1. so…that句型中的so位于句首時(shí)，需倒裝。例如：
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得動(dòng)都不敢動(dòng)。
2. 在某些表示祝愿的句型中，例如：
May you all be happy. 望大家開心愉快。
3. 在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動(dòng)詞有were, had, should等詞，可將if省略，把were, had, should移到主語之前，采取部分倒裝。例如：
Were I you, I would try it again. 如果我是你，我就再試一次。
英語語法總結(jié)之倒裝篇 3
一、疑問句和特殊疑問句要倒裝
Are you cold?
Does he go to school by bike?
注意：若疑問詞在句中作主語或主語的定語時(shí)，不倒裝。
Who is your English teacher?
Whose father is a worker?
二、There be 句型
在There+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+主語+地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間的句型中，主語在謂語be動(dòng)詞后面，因此這是倒裝。
There is a mobile phone and some books on the desk.
桌上有一個(gè)手機(jī)和一些書。
There are thousands of people gathering on the square.
廣場(chǎng)上聚集著成千上萬的人
注意 ：引導(dǎo)詞there 還可以接appear,exist, lie, remain, seem, stand, live 等詞。
There lived an old fisherman in the village.
村里住著一位老漁夫。
There stand two white houses by the river.
河濱矗立著兩座白房子。
There existed some doubt among the students.
學(xué)生中有些懷疑。
三、直接引語在句首
“May I come in and take a rest?” asked the poor girl.
“Get out of the room!” shouted the angry woman.
四、虛擬條件句的倒裝
當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件從句中含有had, were, should等時(shí)，如將if省略，則要將had, were, should等移到主語前，構(gòu)成倒裝句：
Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.
若你昨天來，你就會(huì)見到他了。
Should you require anything give me a ring.
如果需要什么，可以給我打電話。
Were it not for your help, I would still behomeless.
要不是你幫助，我會(huì)仍然無家可歸。
注意：省略if后提前的had不一定是助動(dòng)詞
Had I money, I would buy it. 假若我有錢，我就會(huì)買它。
五、全部倒裝
全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞全部置于主語之前。
1）here, there, now,then, thus等副詞置于句首, 謂語動(dòng)詞常用be,come, go, lie, run等表示來去或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。
例如：
Then came the chairman. 那時(shí)總裁來了。
Here is your letter. 你的信。
2）表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首，以out, in, up, down, off, away等副詞開頭，謂語動(dòng)詞是表示“移動(dòng)”的go, come, leave等句子里。
例如：
Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐著一個(gè)老嫗。
Down went the small boat. 小船沉下去了。
注意:在完全倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)里,如果主語是人稱代詞,則用正常語序。
3）表示地點(diǎn)的介詞詞組位于句首，謂語動(dòng)詞是表示“存在”之意的be, lie, stand, exist等句子中。
South of the lake lies a big supermarket.
湖泊的南邊是一個(gè)大超市。
20 miles east of our school lies a modernswimming pool.
我們學(xué)校向東20英里有一個(gè)現(xiàn)代化的`游泳池。
4) 在there be或者there live(stand, appear, seem, remain, exist….) 句型中。
六、部分倒裝
1.句首為否定或半否定的副詞或連詞。
如no, not,never, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, rarely, at no time決不, by no means, on no account, inno case, many a time, under no circumstances, in no way, many a time, notuntil… 等。
例如：
He cares little about his clothes.
= Little does he care about his clothes.
他不在乎穿著。
I have never seen him before.
= Never have I seen him before.
= Never before have I seen him.
我以前沒見過他。
The mother didnt leave the room until thechild fell asleep.
= Not until the child fell asleep did themother leave the room.
孩子睡著了，媽媽才離開房間。
(Not until引出的主從復(fù)合句中，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。即：后倒前不倒。注意：如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。)
例如：
Churchill was not only a statesman, but apoet.
= Not only was Churchill a statesman, but apoet.
丘吉爾不僅是個(gè)政治家，而且還是個(gè)詩人。
I shall by no means give up.
= By no means shall I give up. 我決不放棄。
必背：表示“剛……就……的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)
Hardlyhad he started to leave when itbegan to rain.
他剛要離開，天就下起了雨。
Scarcelyhad he sat down when his mobilephone rang.
他剛坐下，手機(jī)就響了。
No soonerhad he handed in his paper thanhe realized his mistakes.
他剛交卷就意識(shí)到出錯(cuò)了。
Seldomis my son late for school.我兒子上學(xué)幾乎不遲到。
In no caseshould you touch it.無論如何你都不能碰它。
2．以否定連詞開頭作部分倒裝
如 Not only…butalso, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than等，前倒后不倒。例如：
Not only did he refuse the gift, he alsoseverely criticized the sender. 他沒有收下禮物，還狠狠批評(píng)了送禮的人。
Hardly had she gone out when a student cameto visit her. 她剛出門，就有個(gè)學(xué)生來訪。
No sooner had she gone out than a studentcame to visit her. 她剛出門，就有個(gè)學(xué)生來訪。
3． so, neither, nor作部分倒裝
表示另一主語“也…樣”時(shí)，用“So +be(have,助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語”結(jié)構(gòu)；而表示另一主語“也不…樣”時(shí)，用“Nor\Neither + be(have,助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語”結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如：
Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 湯姆會(huì)講法語，杰克也會(huì)。
If you wont go, neither will I. 你不去，我也不去。
She won’t go. Neither/Nor will I.
她不走，我也不。
注意：如果前面所說的內(nèi)容既有肯定又有否定，或前后的謂語動(dòng)詞形式不一致時(shí)，用“It is the same with +主語”結(jié)構(gòu)或用“So it is with +主語”結(jié)構(gòu)。
4．only+狀語在句首倒裝的情況。
only+副詞；或介詞短語；或狀語從句時(shí)，主句倒裝。
例如：
Only then did I see life was not easy.只有那時(shí)我才知道生活是不易的。
Only in this way, can you learn Englishwell. 只有這樣，你才能學(xué)好英語。（only+介詞短語）
Only after being asked three times did hecome to the meeting. 叫了三次，他才來參加會(huì)議。
Only yesterday did he find out that hiswatch was missing.（only+副詞）
Only when it began to rain did he finishhis job.（only+狀語從句）
注：如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。
例如：
Only when he is seriously ill does he everstay in bed. 病得狠重時(shí)，他才臥床休息。
5. so… that，such…that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，部分倒裝。當(dāng)so位于句首時(shí)，用”so +adj. + 主語+謂語”。
例如：
So frightened was he that he did not dareto move an inch. 他害怕得很，動(dòng)也不敢動(dòng)。
So difficult was the exam that most of thestudents failed to pass it. 考試如此難，以至于大多數(shù)同學(xué)沒能考過。
So stingy is she that none of us likes her.她太小氣，沒人喜歡她。
6. so作“也”講時(shí)，引導(dǎo)的句子用倒裝語序，表示前面所說的肯定情況也適用于另一人(或物)。其句型是：So + be（have，助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）+主語
She has been to Tokyo. So have I.
她去過東京，我也去過。
He can send emails to his formerclassmates. So can she.
他能電子郵件給以前的同學(xué)，她也能。
7. as, though引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝
as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句由于語法需要，可將表語或狀語提前（形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前）。
但需注意：
1）句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。
2）句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞, 其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語和狀語，隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語之前。
例如：
Shortest as/though she is, she is not therichest.(倒裝后，最高級(jí)前不用冠詞)
Child as he is, he knows a lot.(倒裝后，單數(shù)名詞前不用a)
Fail as I did, I would try again.(倒裝后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前，在主語后添加助動(dòng)詞。)
注意：讓步狀語從句中，有though，although時(shí)，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。
當(dāng)as作“雖然”解，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，必須將表語、狀語或動(dòng)詞原形提到as前面。
句子的倒裝語序有以下三種形式：
(1). 形容詞或副詞+as+主語+連系動(dòng)詞be或?qū)嵙x動(dòng)詞。
例如：
Rich as he is, he never spends a cent onclothes.
雖然他很富有，但他從不花一分錢在衣服上。
Much as I admire his courage, I don’t thinkhe acted wisely.
我雖然佩服他的勇氣，但我認(rèn)為他這樣做是不聰明的。
(2). 名詞+as+主語+連系動(dòng)詞be (注意句首的名詞不帶冠詞)。
例如：
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
盡管他是個(gè)孩子，但懂很多事情。
Boy as he was, he was chosen king.
盡管他還是個(gè)孩子，但卻被立為國王。
(3). 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+as+主語+助動(dòng)詞[如果沒有助動(dòng)詞，則要加上一個(gè)do(does或did)。
例如：
Try as he may, he never succeeds.
盡管他很努力，但總是不成功。
Change your mind as you will, you will gainno additional support.
即使你改變主意，你也不會(huì)得到另外的支持。
8．一些表示頻率的副詞（如many a time, often等）位于句首時(shí)。
I have seen her taking a walk alone many atime.
Many a time have I seen her taking a walkalone.
我多次看到她獨(dú)自一人在散步。
She often came to my house in the past.
Often did she come to my house in the past.
過去她常到我家來。
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