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2016英語四級：基礎(chǔ)語法精講
想要學(xué)好英語四級怎么能不知道這些時(shí)態(tài)呢?下面就讓小編為大家詳解一下吧。
動詞(時(shí)態(tài),語態(tài),用法,省略,一致性等)
時(shí)態(tài)
1)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(have/has been + -ing 分詞構(gòu)成): 動作或狀態(tài)從過去某時(shí)開始,繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可能繼續(xù)下去,也可能剛剛結(jié)束.
I’ve been writing letters for an hour.
I’ve been sitting in the garden.
2)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(由had been + ing分詞構(gòu)成): 過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動作
I’d been working for some time when he called.
We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.
3)將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí): 將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動作.
By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.
In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.
4)將來完成時(shí)(由shall/will have + 過去分詞構(gòu)成): 將來某時(shí)已發(fā)生的事.
I shall have finished this one before lunch.
They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.
語態(tài)
可以有兩種被動結(jié)構(gòu)的類型,例如:
He was said to be jealous of her success.
It was said that he was jealous of her success.
能同時(shí)適用于上述兩個(gè)句型的主動詞通常都是表示“估計(jì)”,“相信”等意義的動詞,常見的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.
It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.
The ship is supposed to have been sunk.
擔(dān)當(dāng)be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時(shí)往往表示不同的意義.例如:
Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你應(yīng)該曉得速度限制)
雙賓語及賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài)
雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài): 雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí),可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一個(gè)賓語仍然保留在謂語后面,但多數(shù)是把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z.
He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.
Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.
賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài):
She was called Big Sister by everybody.
Then he was made a squad leader.
He was considered quite qualified for the job.
The room was always kept clean and tidy.
短語動詞
Vi + adv
The plane took off two hours late.
Vi + prep
They looked round the Cathedral.
Vi + prep (有被動語態(tài))
延伸閱讀：
句子成分(members of the sentence)
英語的句子由主語部分與謂語部分組成。具體地講，主要有下列六種句子成分：
1)主語(subject)它是句子所要說明的人或事物，是一句的主體。如I study English(我學(xué)習(xí)英語)中的I。
2)謂語動詞(predicate verb)它是說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)的，如I study English中的study。
3)表語(predicative)它是放在連系動詞之后表示主語的身分或特征的，如I am a student(我是一個(gè)學(xué)生)中的student;Our classroom is clean(我們的教室很干凈)中的clean。
4)賓語(object)它是表示及物動詞動作的對象的，如I study English中的English。介詞后面的名詞或代詞，叫做介詞的賓語，如They don't work on Sunday(他們星期天不工作)中的Sunday，就是介詞on的賓語。
5)定語(attribute)它是限定或修飾名詞或代詞用的，如He likes to drink co1d milk(他喜歡喝冷牛奶)中的co1d。
6)狀語(adverbial)它是修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞用的，如He works hard(他努力工作)中的hard。
[注]虛詞在句子中一律不能作為句子成分。
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