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英語(yǔ)六級(jí)翻譯訓(xùn)練及翻譯指導(dǎo)
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翻譯訓(xùn)練題一
1. Tom was said________(已經(jīng)昏迷不醒) when the ambulance arrived.
2. He dreamt of being the richest man__________(正如你在這個(gè)年紀(jì)時(shí)常做的一樣).
答案解析:
1.答案: to have remained unconscious// to have been in a coma.
詳解:
考查不定式: 空格前已有was said提示，因此“據(jù)說(shuō)”要用sb. is said to do sth. 句型結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)。
考查時(shí)態(tài): 句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)was said, "昏迷不醒"這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，故用完成時(shí)。不定式的完成時(shí)為to have+過(guò)去分詞。
考查短語(yǔ): “昏迷不醒”的表達(dá)為remain unconscious或be in a coma。
2. 答案: as often as you did at his age.
詳解:
考查as...as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句。
考查時(shí)態(tài): 比較狀語(yǔ)從句前后時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，主句用一般過(guò)去式，故此處的從句也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 空格中as引導(dǎo)的分句的謂語(yǔ)為前一分句的重現(xiàn)，故用助動(dòng)詞替代。
考查短語(yǔ): “在...年紀(jì)”表達(dá)為at one's age.
翻譯訓(xùn)練題二
1. Animals that____________(無(wú)法適應(yīng)變化的環(huán)境) will not survive.
2. If _________(你在工作中表現(xiàn)出更多責(zé)任心的話), you will have got promoted.
答案解析:
1.答案: can't adapt/adjust themselves to the changing environment
詳解:
考查詞匯: "適應(yīng)"可譯為adapt/adjust, 這兩個(gè)詞都是及物動(dòng)詞，常用語(yǔ)adapt/adjust oneself to sth. , to 為介詞;"變化了的環(huán)境"譯為the changing environment.
2. 答案: you had showed more responsibility in your previous job.
詳解:
考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣: 本題是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句，所以從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，而主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would+have+過(guò)去分詞。
考查固定搭配: "在...方面表現(xiàn)責(zé)任心"及"在先前的工作中"分別譯為show responsibility in, in one's previous job.
翻譯訓(xùn)練題三
1. I decided to accumulate all the information about the car accident as soon as I ___________(接手這個(gè)任務(wù)).
2. I consider it no good_________________(撥一筆款給那個(gè)工廠).
答案解析:
1.答案: took over the task/assignment
詳解:
考查時(shí)態(tài): 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)代替。
考查詞語(yǔ): "接手"譯為take over。
2. 答案: allocating a sum of money to that factory
詳解:
考查it作形式賓語(yǔ): 真正的賓語(yǔ)是空格部分所填入的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)。
考查句型it (is) no good doing sth., 意為"做...沒(méi)有用"。
考查短語(yǔ): "撥款"譯為allocate money to; "一筆錢(qián)"譯為a sum of money。
翻譯訓(xùn)練題四
1. He takes the pills on time_________(以免心臟病再次發(fā)作).
2. _______________(這座城市曾經(jīng)一定很繁榮), for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.
答案解析:
1.答案: for fear that he should suffer from a heart attack
詳解:
考查目的狀語(yǔ)從句.
考查時(shí)態(tài): “以免”可譯為for fear that, in case that, lest,它們引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句—般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，故從句中用should+動(dòng)詞原形。
考査短語(yǔ): "心臟病發(fā)作”表達(dá)為suffer from a heart attack.
2. 答案: The city must have been prosperous at one time
詳解:
考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示猜測(cè): 表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情很有把握的推斷，用must have+過(guò)去分詞。
考查短語(yǔ): at one time意為“曾經(jīng)”。
翻譯訓(xùn)練題五
1. So far, the production of automobiles____________(比去年增加了三倍).
2. He had been pacing up and down in the study, and he____________(突然想出一個(gè)好主意).
答案解析:
1.答案: has tripled that of last year//has increased by times compared with last year
詳解:
考查倍數(shù): “增加了三倍”譯has tripled或has increased by three times.
考查短語(yǔ): so far意為“迄今為止",通常跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。
2. 答案: Suddenly came up with a good idea.
詳解:
考查時(shí)態(tài): 句首分句用了過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或反復(fù)的動(dòng)作。后一分句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
考查短語(yǔ): "想出" 可譯為come up with.
翻譯訓(xùn)練題六
1. Police encouraged netizens to post photos of child beggars_________(以幫助認(rèn)出并救出丟失的兒童)。
2. It was not until the fatal moment_________(他才會(huì)冒著生命危險(xiǎn)與犯罪分子作斗爭(zhēng)).
答案解析:
1.答案: In order to help indentify and rescue the missing/lost children.
詳解:
考查短語(yǔ): “以...”表目的，可譯為in order to//so as to.
考查使役動(dòng)詞help的用法: help后接不定式時(shí)to省略。
考查詞匯: “認(rèn)出并營(yíng)救”譯為indentify and rescue
2. 答案: that he would risk his life to fight against the criminals
詳解:
考查not until引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句: not until “直到...才”。
考查短語(yǔ): “冒著生命危險(xiǎn)”譯作risk one's life;“作斗爭(zhēng)”譯作fight against.
翻譯訓(xùn)練題七
1. On no condition___________(你能獨(dú)自一人去徒步旅行) because I didn't want you to take such a blind risk.
2. Without the government's effort, ____________(讀寫(xiě)能力就沒(méi)有這么普及).
答案解析:
1.答案: could you go hiking alone
詳解:
考查否定意義詞組位于句首的倒裝: on no condition"在任何情況下都不"之語(yǔ)從句的句首，從句的謂語(yǔ)要部分倒裝,即把助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前。
考查短語(yǔ): "徒步旅行“表達(dá)為go hiking.
2. 答案: literary would not have been so widespread.
詳解:
考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣: 句子表層雖沒(méi)有通常使用if 或I wish等表示條件的句子，但其深層結(jié)構(gòu)或是上下文中還有暗含有條件的。本句中without短語(yǔ)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，所以主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would+have+過(guò)去分詞。
翻譯訓(xùn)練題八
1. I cherished my college life, and I shall never_____________(忘記被提名為學(xué)生會(huì)主席).
2. It is ridicuous that some girls managed to keep a slim figure___________________(以犧牲健康為代價(jià)).
答案解析:
1.答案: forget being nominated as Charirperson of the Student Union.
詳解:
考查forget的賓語(yǔ)為不定式或動(dòng)名詞在意思上的區(qū)別: forget的賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，其意思是"忘記" 了將要做的事情;forget的賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，其意思是"忘記”了過(guò)去曾經(jīng)做過(guò)的事情，“被提名為學(xué)生會(huì)主席”是已經(jīng)做過(guò)的事情，故用動(dòng)名詞。
考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): "我"是"提名"的承受者，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
考查短語(yǔ): "提名某人為...”表達(dá)為nominate sb. as...。
2. 答案: at the expense of their health.
詳解:
考查詞匯: “以...為代價(jià)"可譯為at the expense/cost of; 注意，“健康”為不可數(shù)名詞，譯為health.
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