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有關(guān)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)自學(xué)教程筆記賞析
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)自學(xué)教程(上冊(cè)) 筆記 Unit 3-2
The 4th lecture of College English one:
�、�.Intensive reading text A:
1.The Atlantic ocean is one of the oceans that separate the old world from the new.
譯：大西洋是隔斷新世界和舊世界的大洋之一。
分析：本句包含有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞oceans,注意此時(shí)只能用that,不能用which.如下的情況屬只能用that的情況：
1>.當(dāng)先行詞是最高級(jí)形容詞或它的前面有最高級(jí)形容詞時(shí)。
He is the best person that always helps others
2>.當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞，或前面有一個(gè)序數(shù)詞時(shí)。
He is the last person that I want to see.
3>.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)已有疑問(wèn)詞who或which時(shí)。
Which is the bike that you lost?
4>.當(dāng)先行詞是all, much, something, anything, everything, little, etc等詞時(shí)。
We should hand in all that you have found.
5>.當(dāng)先行詞前有only, any, few, one of, the same, no etc等詞時(shí)。
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teacher in our class.
短語(yǔ)：separate sth from sth把…與…分開
England is separated from France by the English channel.
另外，the old World: Europe, Asia, Africa; the New World: the Americas.
2.For centuries it kept the Americas from being discovered by the people of Europe.（*）
譯：好幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，它使美洲一直未被歐洲人發(fā)現(xiàn)
短語(yǔ)：keep/stop/prevent sb from doing sth:阻止某人做謀事
The bad weather can’t keep us from going to school/
being discovered: being動(dòng)名詞，discovered過(guò)去分詞
3.Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic ocean made the early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it.(*)
譯：許多關(guān)于大西洋的錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)使得早期的水手不愿遠(yuǎn)航駛?cè)氪笪餮蟆?/p>
分析： 主語(yǔ)：many wrong ideas；謂語(yǔ)：made； 賓語(yǔ)：the early sailors； 賓補(bǔ)：unwilling to sail far out into it。
短語(yǔ)：be unwilling to do sth; sail far out into it: 遠(yuǎn)航駛?cè)耄籱ake sb do sth
4.one idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world.”
譯：一種觀點(diǎn)是大西洋遠(yuǎn)達(dá)世界的邊緣。
分析：that引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句。它是名詞從句的一種。主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句屬于名詞從句。在四種從句中只有賓語(yǔ)從句能省略that這個(gè)關(guān)系連詞，在其它從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用，但絕對(duì)不能省略。
a. That the earth is round is true.(主語(yǔ)從句)
b. All of us know that we must study hard.（賓語(yǔ)從句）
c. The idea that we invited him yesterday is quite good.（同位語(yǔ)從句）
d. Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.（表語(yǔ)從句）
4.The Atlantic ocean is only half as big as the pacific, but it was still very large.(*)
譯：雖然大西洋只有太平洋的一半，但它也很大。
倍數(shù)的比較：倍數(shù) + as + adj/adv + as
a.My hair is twice as long as yours.
b.My classroom is only one third as big as theirs.
5.It’s more than 4000 miles wide where Columbus crossed it.
譯：哥倫布穿越大西洋的航線有4000多英里寬。
基數(shù)詞 + 形容詞→作度量狀語(yǔ)。
a.He is only five years old.
b.The river is three meters deep.
c.The classroom is five meters long.
6.For so large an ocean, it has very few islands. Also, it is the world’s saltiest ocean.
譯：這么大的一個(gè)海洋卻只有少數(shù)幾個(gè)島嶼，并且它是世界上鹽分含量最高的海洋。（這是大西洋最大的兩大特點(diǎn)。）
7.There is so much water in the Atlantic ocean that it is hard to imagine how much there is.
譯：大西洋中有多得令人難以想象的海水。
So…that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。(so + adj / adv)
It’s so hot these days that we can’t go out.
8.But suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by rivers.
譯：假設(shè)不再有雨水降入大西洋，也沒(méi)有河水匯入。本句存在一個(gè)重要的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象：虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即表示非真實(shí)的假設(shè)。該語(yǔ)法放到text B中進(jìn)行詳講。
9.It would take the ocean about 4000years to dry up.
譯：它大約需要4000年的時(shí)間才干涸。
重要句型：it takes / took sb some time to do sth花某人多少時(shí)間作某事
Every day it takes me an hour to go to work.
10.We now have such fast ways of traveling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller.
譯：我們現(xiàn)在有如此多的快速旅行方式，使大西洋似乎變小了。
短語(yǔ)：such + n + that 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，注意和so…that…比較。
a.She’s such a lovely girl that everyone likes her very much.
b.She’s so lovely a girl that everyone likes her very much.
seem to 仿佛、好像
�、�. Brief summary about the useful phrases:
1.separate…from…(1段1行); 2.keep sb from doing sth(1段2行); 3.make sb do sth(2段1行); 4.boiling hot(2段5行); 5.so…that…(5段1行); 6.no more(5段2行); 7.on the average(5段4行); 8.pile up(10段2行); 9.such…that…(11段1行); 10.seem to(11段2行); 11.be unwilling to do…(2段1行)
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