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考研英語(yǔ)翻譯長(zhǎng)句的四大方法
【例句】A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioral psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a“l(fā)eader”in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform.
Step1:找主干
翻譯的前提是讀懂句子,第一步就是分析語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu),找準(zhǔn)句子主干。哪怕結(jié)構(gòu)再?gòu)?fù)雜的句子,都有且只有一個(gè)主干,認(rèn)準(zhǔn)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,主干就很好找。這句話(huà)的主干就是:Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life.
Step2:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)
找準(zhǔn)主干之后,剩下的就都是修飾成分。把這些修飾成分和修飾的對(duì)象都找出來(lái),一一對(duì)應(yīng),整理清楚,句子的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)也就明了了。
在此句中,A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioral psychology為狀語(yǔ),修飾主干;for their willingness to obey instructions given by a“l(fā)eader”in a situation也是狀語(yǔ),修飾主干;in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions為狀語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾”situation”;(that)they were called upon to perform是定語(yǔ)從句中的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾”actions”。
Step3:先譯分句
因?yàn)榫渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,包含多層意思,很難直接完整地譯出來(lái),且中、英表達(dá)方式不同,語(yǔ)序難以對(duì)應(yīng),所以需要先把修飾部分單獨(dú)逐個(gè)翻譯,譯成幾個(gè)分句。
先翻第一個(gè)狀語(yǔ),它不影響主干表達(dá):A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioral psychology譯為“幾年前,在一次行為心理學(xué)中最吸引人但又最讓人不安的實(shí)驗(yàn)中”。
再譯主干部分:Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life,譯為“來(lái)自耶魯大學(xué)的Stanley Milgram測(cè)試了來(lái)自各行各業(yè)的40個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象”。
按順序往下譯,第二個(gè)狀語(yǔ)部分:for their willingness to obey instructions given by a“l(fā)eader”in a situation,其中為了表達(dá)更順暢,可以把“their willingness”名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)詞,譯為“測(cè)試出在某一個(gè)情形中,他們?cè)敢庾袷赜梢粋(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者發(fā)出的指令!
最后譯定語(yǔ)從句:in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform,譯為“在這一情形中,實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象可能會(huì)對(duì)被要求實(shí)施的行為產(chǎn)生個(gè)人的厭惡感”。
Step4:將分句連成整句,使通順
最后一步是把譯好的分句連綴起來(lái),但不能生拼硬湊,而是要進(jìn)行適時(shí)地合并、調(diào)整,使之符合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣,通順流暢。這段話(huà)連綴整理為:“幾年前,在一次行為心理學(xué)中的最吸引人但又最讓人不安的實(shí)驗(yàn)中,來(lái)自耶魯大學(xué)的Stanley Milgram測(cè)試了來(lái)自各行各業(yè)的40個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象,以測(cè)試出在某一個(gè)情形中,他們?cè)敢庾袷赜梢粋(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者發(fā)出的指令,而在這一指令中,實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象可能會(huì)對(duì)被要求實(shí)施的行為產(chǎn)生個(gè)人的厭惡情緒!
相對(duì)于閱讀和寫(xiě)作來(lái)說(shuō),翻譯是比較容易的題型,大綱的要求也不算復(fù)雜,建議大家可以先從翻譯下手,把該得的分?jǐn)?shù)牢牢抓到手,再想辦法攻克其他難題,向高分發(fā)起沖擊!
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