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英語(yǔ)二級(jí)口譯真題及答案
翻譯專(zhuān)業(yè)人才在我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)進(jìn)步中起著非常重要的作用，特別是在吸收引進(jìn)外國(guó)的先進(jìn)科技知識(shí)和加強(qiáng)國(guó)際交流與合作方面，翻譯是橋梁和紐帶。下面是小編分享的英語(yǔ)二級(jí)口譯考試試題及答案，希望能幫到大家!
Part 2 Chinese to English Interpreting
Passage 1
最近幾年來(lái)，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)速度放慢，為了解決這一問(wèn)題，2015年，中國(guó)政府推行了供給側(cè)改革，國(guó)際社會(huì)對(duì)此十分關(guān)注，但是也出現(xiàn)了一些的誤解，中國(guó)為什么會(huì)推出這一政策。
In recent years, the Chinese economy is slowing down. To address this issue, the Chinese government rolled out the reform on the supplying side in 2015. The reform, while receiving much attention from the international community, also aroused some misunderstandings. Why did China enforce this policy?
知識(shí)點(diǎn)：
rolled out是一個(gè)比較口語(yǔ)的說(shuō)法，也可以說(shuō)enforce.
在這里我想強(qiáng)調(diào)，中國(guó)政府推行的供給側(cè)改革和上個(gè)世紀(jì)80年代，美國(guó)和英國(guó)搞的供濟(jì)側(cè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)是完全不一樣的。美國(guó)推行供給測(cè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的主要作法是大規(guī)律減稅，英國(guó)的供給測(cè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的作法是對(duì)國(guó)有企業(yè)進(jìn)行私有化。而中國(guó)推行的供給測(cè)改革，所要解決的問(wèn)題和手段完全不同。
Here I want to emphasize that the current reform China takes on its supplying side is completely different from the supplying side economics carried out in U.S and Great Britain in the 1980s. One of the major measures for American reform is to have great tax reductions, while Britain is privatizing the state-owned enterprises. For China, however, the goals and measures of the reform are totally different.
知識(shí)點(diǎn)：
文中出現(xiàn)了很多“供給側(cè)改革”或者與之相關(guān)的說(shuō)法，翻譯時(shí)需要注意，如果上下文指代清楚，可以省略或者簡(jiǎn)化為““改革”或者“措施”，既可以提高效率，又能使譯文簡(jiǎn)練，可聽(tīng)性高。
中國(guó)當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)面臨的一大問(wèn)題所有生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)都存在產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩的問(wèn)題， 鋼鐵和煤炭行業(yè)尤為突出。 2015年，中國(guó)的鋼鐵產(chǎn)量超過(guò)8億噸，煤產(chǎn)量接近40億噸，都遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于需求，這導(dǎo)致這兩個(gè)行業(yè)虧損嚴(yán)重。占用了大量的能源和資源，削減了總體效益。 但另一方面，中國(guó)又存在有效供給嚴(yán)重不足的問(wèn)題。比如，消費(fèi)者需要高端和高質(zhì)量的消費(fèi)品，但國(guó)內(nèi)又滿(mǎn)足不了，結(jié)果出現(xiàn)大量國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)者到國(guó)外購(gòu)物，買(mǎi)電飯鍋，甚至抽水馬桶的現(xiàn)象。僅2015年一年，中國(guó)消費(fèi)者在海外花了2000多億美元購(gòu)買(mǎi)消費(fèi)品。
One of the outstanding problems facing the Chinese economic growth is the overcapacity in practically every sector of industry, particularly in steel and coal.
In 2015, the volume of steel and iron exceeded 800 million tons and coal production is close to 4 billion tons. Both are far greater than the demand. The overproduction lead to serious losses in the two industries and high consumption of resource and energy. Hence it affects the overall economic benefit. On the other hand, China also suffers from grave insufficiency of effective supply. For instance, the domestic consumers demands higher-end quality goods, which can hardly be provided within the country. Therefore, many Chinese consumers turn to the goods overseas. Their shopping list includes electric cookers and even toilet bowls. In 2015 alone, Chinese people’s expenditure on overseas merchandize amounts to more than 200 billion US dollars.
知識(shí)點(diǎn)：
1.“結(jié)果出現(xiàn)大量國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)者到國(guó)外購(gòu)物，買(mǎi)電飯鍋，甚至抽水馬桶的現(xiàn)象”這個(gè)句子不適合連起來(lái)翻譯，否則給人感覺(jué)這些消費(fèi)者僅僅買(mǎi)了兩樣商品，因此需要稍微調(diào)整一下。
2.僅2015年一年，中國(guó)消費(fèi)者在海外花了2000多億美元購(gòu)買(mǎi)消費(fèi)品:這個(gè)句子可以用消費(fèi)者做主語(yǔ)，但由于處于句尾，也可以考慮文中的譯法，顯得緊湊。
因此中國(guó)推進(jìn)供給側(cè)改革就是要減少過(guò)剩產(chǎn)能，同時(shí)增加有效供給。今后5年內(nèi)，中國(guó)將減少鋼鐵生產(chǎn)能力1.5億噸，減少煤炭生產(chǎn)能力5億噸。同時(shí)，中國(guó)政府推出了一系列措施鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)創(chuàng)新，生產(chǎn)消費(fèi)者所需要的高端產(chǎn)品，今年在這方面投入的資金將超過(guò)500億美元。中國(guó)政府也將積極增加在醫(yī)療，教育，養(yǎng)老，旅游等方面的有效供給，我確信，采取這些措施，中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)就可以更加長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定的發(fā)展。
In this light, China’s reform on supplying side is to slash the overcapacity and increase effective supply. In the coming five years, China will cut the producing capacity of steel by 150 million tons and coal by 500 million tons. At the same time, the Chinese government will take a series of measures to encourage the innovation of the Chinese enterprises. With regard to the production of higher-end products in response to the need of the consumers, the government will invest more than 50 billion U.S dollars. In the meantime, the government will also provide effective supply in the areas of education, health, senior pensions and tourism. I am convinced that these measures will secure Chinese economy with a stable and long term development.
知識(shí)點(diǎn)：
今后5年內(nèi)，中國(guó)將減少鋼鐵生產(chǎn)能力1.5億噸，減少煤炭生產(chǎn)能力5億噸。減少一詞譯法很豐富，但如果結(jié)構(gòu)一致，不必?fù)Q很多的動(dòng)詞。
Passage 2
人和自然構(gòu)成了世界，人是自然孕育的精華，自然是人類(lèi)生存的環(huán)境，人類(lèi)如果對(duì)自然進(jìn)行破壞式的利用和改造，自然也必然還給人類(lèi)報(bào)復(fù)性的懲罰。。自從世界大規(guī)模的工業(yè)化以來(lái)，人類(lèi)生產(chǎn)的物質(zhì)物質(zhì)財(cái)富前所未有地增長(zhǎng)，同時(shí)，自然資源和生態(tài)環(huán)境受到了前所未有地破壞。歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)告訴我們，人類(lèi)必須自覺(jué)地與自然友好相處。人的發(fā)展必須與生態(tài)的發(fā)展平衡共進(jìn)。
Man and nature are all part of the world we live in. Man is the great achievement of nature while nature provides the surroundings in which man lives. Friendly and harmonious coexistence between man and nature is the prerequisite for the sustainable development of human society. If man should exploit and transform nature in a destructive way, nature will inevitably respond in kind. Since the dawn of large-scale industrialization in the world, material wealth created by man has been growing at an unprecedented speed while havoc never seen before has been wrecked to our ecological environment as well as natural resources. History and reality warns us that man must conscientiously strive to live in harmony with nature and our development must be pursued in parallel with ecological improvement.
平衡推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、社會(huì)進(jìn)步、環(huán)境保護(hù)是實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。我們要堅(jiān)持在發(fā)展中保護(hù)、在保護(hù)中發(fā)展,把良好生態(tài)環(huán)境作為公共產(chǎn)品向全民提供。各國(guó)實(shí)踐表明,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境保護(hù)的矛盾并非不可調(diào)和,關(guān)鍵要有科學(xué)發(fā)展、綠色發(fā)展的思路。尊重自然、順應(yīng)自然、保護(hù)自然,努力走出一條生產(chǎn)發(fā)展、生活富裕、生態(tài)良好的文明發(fā)展道路。
The key to sustainable development lies in balanced economic and social development and environmental protection. We must persist in pursuing economic growth and environmental protection at the same time in a bid to provide a sound environment as a public good to our people and build a modernized China enjoying ecological progress. The experience of various countries has shown that the needs for economic development and for environmental protection are not necessarily irreconcilable as long as a rational and green development approach is pursued. We must respect and protect nature, follow its course, and find a sustainable path of development characterized by enhanced production, prosperous life and sound environment.
知識(shí)點(diǎn)：
1.我們要堅(jiān)持在發(fā)展中保護(hù)、在保護(hù)中發(fā)展,把良好生態(tài)環(huán)境作為公共產(chǎn)品向全民提供: We must persist in pursuing economic growth and environmental protection at the same time in a bid to provide a sound environment as a public good to中文常常存在這種兩件事物互為因果的結(jié)構(gòu)，翻譯時(shí)容易不倫不類(lèi)，參考譯文的處理方式值得借鑒。
2.努力走出一條生產(chǎn)發(fā)展、生活富裕、生態(tài)良好的文明發(fā)展道路。find a sustainable path of development characterized by enhanced production, prosperous life and sound environment.這個(gè)句子的精華在于characterized by，如果修飾成為過(guò)多，過(guò)重，一般不使用with,而是用一個(gè)分詞與修飾詞連接，顯得比較符合英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣。
我們現(xiàn)在面對(duì)的是一個(gè)已經(jīng)遭到破壞的自然。“亡羊補(bǔ)牢,猶為未晚。”面對(duì)不斷惡化的生態(tài)環(huán)境,我們必須及時(shí)采取補(bǔ)救措施。瑞士日內(nèi)瓦湖曾受過(guò)嚴(yán)重污染,經(jīng)過(guò)積極治理和嚴(yán)格保護(hù),今天變成了阿爾卑斯山脈的一顆自然明珠。本世紀(jì)以來(lái),中國(guó)大力實(shí)施退耕還林工程,2500多萬(wàn)公頃的荒地、山地重新披上了綠裝。這就啟示我們,當(dāng)前應(yīng)將生態(tài)環(huán)境修復(fù)作為重大基礎(chǔ)工程,擺在經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的突出位置來(lái)抓。
We live in a damaged natural environment, but as we say in China, it is never too late to make amends. We must take timely remedial measures to address the deteriorating environment. The Geneva Lake in Switzerland, which was once heavily polluted and which now shines like a pearl of the Alpes thanks to active treatment and strict protection. China started to vigorously implement the project of restoring farmland to forests at the beginning of the 21st century and now more than 25 million hectares of wasteland and hillsides are covered by vegetation. These examples tell us that environmental rehabilitation should now be a basic key project and figure prominently in our economic and social development.
知識(shí)點(diǎn)：
本世紀(jì)以來(lái),中國(guó)大力實(shí)施退耕還林工程,2500多萬(wàn)公頃的荒地、山地重新披上了綠裝。這種帶比喻的表達(dá)可以考慮簡(jiǎn)譯。
這就啟示我們,當(dāng)前應(yīng)將生態(tài)環(huán)境修復(fù)作為重大基礎(chǔ)工程,擺在經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的突出位置來(lái)抓。此處的“來(lái)抓”可以省略，或者理解為“加以強(qiáng)調(diào)”，不必出現(xiàn)人稱(chēng)，否則顯得比較冗贅。
但過(guò)度開(kāi)發(fā)和低效利用是生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化的重要根源。據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)糧農(nóng)組織統(tǒng)計(jì),全球糧食在生產(chǎn)、流通和消費(fèi)環(huán)節(jié)每年浪費(fèi)13億噸,無(wú)效耗用的水資源相當(dāng)于伏爾加河年流量的3倍,排放的溫室氣體達(dá)33億噸。通過(guò)改革推動(dòng)生態(tài)資源利用方式的全面轉(zhuǎn)變,通過(guò)制度和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)約型的生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi),是當(dāng)前各國(guó)面臨的緊迫任務(wù)。
Over-exploitation and inefficient utilization, however, is a major cause of environmental degradation. According to the statistics of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, the 1.3 billion tons of food wasted every year during production, circulation and consumption guzzles up a volume of water three times the annual flow of Russia's Volga River and is responsible for 3.3 billion tons of greenhouse gas emissions. It has thus become a pressing task facing all countries to transform the model of ecological resources utilization through reform and achieve conserving production and consumption through institutional and technological innovation.
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