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2017考研英語(yǔ)二題型解題要點(diǎn)
一、細(xì)節(jié)題
【解題方法】題干+選項(xiàng)精確定位法
【解題步驟】
1. 找出題干關(guān)鍵詞，精確定位到文章
返回原文可依據(jù)以下幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)來(lái)：
1)可以根據(jù)題干所列的地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、人物、事物返回原文;
2)根據(jù)出題的順序返回原文;
3)根據(jù)題干中或四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的重點(diǎn)詞，或同義詞返回原文;
4)通過(guò)長(zhǎng)難句返回原文。
2. 將所選答案精確定位到文章
【例題】2014年Text 1
21. According to Dumn and Norton, which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?
[A] A big house
[B] A special tour
[C] A stylish car
[D] A rich meal
These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms. Dumn and Mr. Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time - as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.
【解題步驟應(yīng)用】
1 題干定位
Dumn and Norton--- Ms. Dumn and Mr. Norton
According to---say
the most rewarding ---far better
purchase--- to spend money on
因此，答案定位在 experiences like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema.
2 選項(xiàng)定位
答案[B] A special tour
special----interesting 表示“特別的，有趣的”;
a tour----trips 表示“旅程”。
二、推理題
【解題方法】段落中心句+具體細(xì)節(jié)
【解題步驟】
1.找出題干關(guān)鍵詞，精確定位到文章段落。
2.找出該段落的中心句。
3.將段落中心句與具體細(xì)節(jié)句相結(jié)合，與選項(xiàng)匹配。絕大多數(shù)推理題答案是文章中心或原文某句話的同義表達(dá)。正確答案與原文之間基本上不存在推理關(guān)系。
【例題】2014年Text 1
24. According to the last paragraph, Happy Money ____.
[A] has left much room for readers’ criticism
[B] may prove to be a worthwhile purchase
[C] has predicted a wider income gap in the US.
[D] may give its readers a sense of achievement
Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.
【解題步驟應(yīng)用】
1. 題干定位
題干關(guān)鍵詞：the last paragraph
Happy Money----this book
2. 段落中心句
該段中出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)句間轉(zhuǎn)折詞yet和but，中心句應(yīng)為最后一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折詞之后的句子，所以本段的中心句為most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent。
3. 匹配選項(xiàng)
[B] may prove to be a worthwhile purchase
worthwhile purchase ---- money well spent 意思是“這本書值得購(gòu)買”
三、主旨題
【解題方法】主題詞+串線法
【解題步驟】
1. 找出文章的主題詞，通常為名詞。
2. 找出文章各個(gè)段落的中心句，并將中心句串在一起。
3. 宏觀閱讀，匹配選項(xiàng)。正確選項(xiàng)通常體現(xiàn)全局以及概括性信息，因此選項(xiàng)不能選擇局部信息，也不能選擇范圍過(guò)寬的信息。
【例題】2014年Text 1
25. This text mainly discusses how to____.
[A] balance feeling good and spending money
[B] spend large sums of money won in lotteries
[C] obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent
[D] become more reasonable in spending on luxuries
What would you do with $590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.
These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms. Dumn and Mr. Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time — as stories or memories — particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.
This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most “happiness bang for your buck.” It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald’s restricts the availability of its popular McRib — a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.
Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.
【解題步驟應(yīng)用】
1. 文章主題詞：spending money, happiness
2. 各個(gè)段落的中心句
第一段：最后一句。該句指出如果老婦人希望這筆新得到的財(cái)富獲得長(zhǎng)期的成就感(lasting feelings of fulfillment)，那么最好讀一下《開心理財(cái)》這本書。
第二段：第五句。該句指出《開心理財(cái)》這本書的兩位作者的觀點(diǎn)，即最好把錢花在一些經(jīng)歷上，這些經(jīng)歷會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的流逝變得更有價(jià)值(more valuable with time)。
第三段：第一句。該句指出這本書主要涉及的內(nèi)容是給人們提出了一些“如何從錢財(cái)中獲得最大幸福感”(happiness bang for your buck)的建議。
第四段：最后一句。該句指出，這本書值得夠買，體現(xiàn)出作者對(duì)這本書持肯定態(tài)度，即作者贊同這本書中的觀點(diǎn)。
3. 匹配選項(xiàng)
[C] obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent
文章的主題詞：money spent
lasting satisfaction ---- happiness
四、態(tài)度題
【解題方法】用詞的感情色彩或舉例的方式
【解題步驟】
1. 根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞回文定位
2. 找出該關(guān)鍵詞的相關(guān)修飾語(yǔ)，進(jìn)行感情色彩的判斷。在判斷感情色彩時(shí)，應(yīng)結(jié)合以下兩點(diǎn)。
1)作者態(tài)度可以分為三大類：a. 正向態(tài)度：支持，樂(lè)觀，贊同; b. 客觀、中立、公正;c. 負(fù)向態(tài)度：反對(duì)、批評(píng)、懷疑
2)特別注意作者的態(tài)度一般與文章中心相聯(lián)系。不要把自己的態(tài)度納入其中，而且要注意區(qū)分作者的態(tài)度和作者引用別人的態(tài)度。
3. 匹配選項(xiàng)。匹配選項(xiàng)時(shí)應(yīng)該注意：
1)有些選項(xiàng)一定不是正確答案(永陪選項(xiàng))：indifferent(漠不關(guān)心);subjective(主觀的);biased(有偏見(jiàn)的);puzzled(迷惑不解的)。
2)一般帶有絕對(duì)化或者過(guò)于強(qiáng)烈的語(yǔ)氣的選項(xiàng)必然是錯(cuò)誤的，如：strongly;completely;entirely。
【例題】2014年Text 1
22. The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is ____.
[A] critical
[B] supportive
[C] sympathetic
[D] ambiguous
This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most “happiness bang for your buck.” It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald’s restricts the availability of its popular McRib — a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.
【解題步驟應(yīng)用】
1. 回文定位
關(guān)鍵詞“American’s watching TV”出現(xiàn)在該段第二句話：it seems most people would be better… if they spend less of it watching television (something the average spending a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it)。
2. 相關(guān)修飾詞
1) It would be better if they spend less of it. 意思是“如果少花點(diǎn)時(shí)間看電視則會(huì)好點(diǎn)。”
2) hardly jollier意思是“不開心”。
3) 得出作者的態(tài)度是負(fù)向的。
3. 匹配選項(xiàng)
[A] critical 批評(píng)的----負(fù)向態(tài)度
五、詞匯題
【解題方法】題干+上下文語(yǔ)境
【解題步驟】
1. 找出題干關(guān)鍵詞，精確定位到單詞所在的語(yǔ)句;
2. 結(jié)合該詞所在的上下文語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行語(yǔ)義判斷。在判斷意思時(shí)，需要注意若該單詞是熟悉的詞匯，并且不超綱，那么它的字面意思絕對(duì)不是正確答案。其正確答案是根據(jù)上下文推出的更深層的含義，該含義也許與原單詞表面意思沒(méi)有關(guān)系。
【例題】2013年Text 2
26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who____
[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.
[B] leave their home countries for good.
[C] stay in a foreign country temporarily.
[D] find permanent jobs overseas.
A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.
【解題步驟應(yīng)用】
1. 題干定位
根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞回文定位到文章首段最后一句，They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage。其中birds of passage就是對(duì)主語(yǔ)they的解釋說(shuō)明，因此，解此題的關(guān)鍵是找出代詞they的指代對(duì)象。
2. 上下文語(yǔ)境判斷
首段主要介紹來(lái)到美國(guó)的移民情況。They指代的就是首段第三句中提到的人，句中說(shuō)about a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good(大約四分之一的意大利移民最后又回到了意大利)，言下之意，這些移民到了美國(guó)，最后卻又回到了自己的國(guó)家，僅在美國(guó)待了一段時(shí)間。
3. 匹配選項(xiàng)
[C] stay in a foreign countrytemporarily.
stay in a foreign country----Italian immigrants，表示“待在國(guó)外的人”，即“移民”;
temporarily----returned to Italy，表示“臨時(shí)待著，最后又回到自己的國(guó)度”。
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