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2017年考研英語閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題與解析
閱讀理解
text 1
廣告業(yè)是美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的晴雨表
WhenRupert Murdoch sees beams of light in the American advertising market, it isnot necessarily time to reach for the sunglasses. Last October, when the impactof September 11th was only beginning to tell, the boss of NewsCorp, a mediagroup, had already identified “strong rays of sunshine”. With ad sales still languishing, Mr. Murdoch declared last month that “there are some hints of a modestupswing in the U.S. advertising markets.” His early optimism turned out tobe misplaced. Now, however, other industry observers are beginning to agreewith him.
Advertisingusually exaggerates the economic cycle: falling sharply and early in adownturn, and rebounding strongly once the economy has begun to recover. Thisis because most managers prefer to trim their ad budgets rather than theirpayrolls, and restore such spending only once they feel sure that things arelooking up. Last year, America's ad market shrank by 9.8%, according to CMR, aresearch firm. Although ad spending has not yet recovered across all media,some analysts now expect overall ad spending to start to grow in the thirdquarter.
The signsof improvement are patchy, however. Ad spending on radio and television seemsto be inching up—advertising on American national radio was up 2% in January on the sameperiod last year, according to Aegis—while spending on magazines andnewspapers is still weak. Even within any one market, there are hugedifferences; just pick up a copy of one of the now-slimline high-tech magazinesthat once bulged with ads, and compare it with the hefty celebrity or women'stitles. Advertisers in some categories, such as the travel industry, are stillreluctant to buy space or airtime, while others, such as the car and moviebusinesses, have been bolder. The winter Olympics, held last month in Salt LakeCity, has also distorted the spending on broadcast advertising in the firstquarter.
Nonetheless,there is an underlying pattern. One measure is the booking of ad spots fornational brands on local television. By early March, according to Mr.Westerfield's analysis, such bookings were growing fast across eight out of thetop ten advertising sectors, led by the financial and motor industries. UBSWarburg now expects the “upfront” market, which starts in May when advertisers book advance ad spots onthe TV networks for the new season in September, to be up 4% on last year. Onsome estimates, even online advertising could pick up by the end of the year.[419 words]
11. Whatdoes the author mean by “it is not necessarily time to reach for the sun glasses” (Para.1)?
[A] The sunshine is not terriblystrong.
[B] It is not good time to developadvertising.
[C] There is no need to worry abouteconomy now.
[D] The real economic recovery hasyet to take place.
12. Mr.Murdoch's early market estimation seems to be_________ .
[A] exaggerating the situation
[B] being too cautious
[C] underestimating thedevelopment
[D] probably describing the reality
13. Whichof the following is true according to the text?
[A] Advertising is a sensitive markerof economic change.
[B] Managers will first cut salaryduring economic downturn.
[C] CMR was wrong about last year'sU.S. ad market.
[D] Advertising spending has startedoveral growing.
14. Signsof improvement are visible in the advertising of______.
[A] high-tech magazines and sportsindustry
[B] celebrity magazines and travelindustry
[C] women's magazines and carindustry
[D] movie industry and high-techmagazines
15. Whatis the author's view of the prospect of U.S. advertising market?
[A] Recovery will be slow but sure.
[B] There will be a big jump.
[C] Patchy improvement will occur.
[D] The situation will remainpessimistic.
核心詞匯
inch n. 英寸(長(zhǎng)度單位,等于2.54厘米) vt.&vi. to move very slowlyin a particular direction, or make sth. do this(使朝某方向)謹(jǐn)慎移動(dòng)例:I started inching forward alongthe ledge towards the open window. 我沿著窗臺(tái)緩慢挪向開著的窗子。
misplaced a.①放錯(cuò)地方的;(因記不起放在何處而)丟失的 *②(情感等)錯(cuò)置的;不適宜的例:misplaced confidence/optimism/fear不應(yīng)有的信心/樂觀精神/恐懼;mis?前綴,表示“不好的;錯(cuò)誤的”,如 misunderstand誤解,misconception錯(cuò)誤觀念
patchy a.①補(bǔ)綴的,多補(bǔ)丁的②零散的,分布不均的例:patchy fog零星的霧 *③不完整的,不全面的;拼湊的例:My knowledge of science is patchy.我的科學(xué)知識(shí)只是一鱗半爪。
spot n. [C]①(圓)點(diǎn);污漬,斑痕例:spots of paints on the carpet地毯上的油漆斑②(尤指休閑的)地點(diǎn),場(chǎng)所例:Spain is our favorite holidayspot. 西班牙是我們喜歡的度假地點(diǎn)。*③廣告插播例:a 30?second spot on the local radiostation 地方廣播臺(tái)插播的30秒廣告
vt. ① to notice sth., especially sth. that is difficult to see, or that youare looking for 看出,認(rèn)出例:Luckily, theenemy planes were spotted early.幸虧及早發(fā)現(xiàn)了敵機(jī)。② to recognize the good or bad qualities in sb. or sth. 發(fā)現(xiàn)(特性)例:You must learn to spot troubleahead and prevent it.你一定要學(xué)會(huì)預(yù)先發(fā)現(xiàn)問題并加以防止。
a.現(xiàn)貨(即期)的;現(xiàn)付的例:They won?t take credit; they want spotcash.他們不賒賬,他們要現(xiàn)錢。
title n.[C]①(書籍、圖畫、戲劇等的)題目 *②一本書例:His novel was one of last year?s best?selling titles.他的小說是去年的暢銷書之一。③(用在人名前,表明地位或職業(yè)的)頭銜,稱號(hào)(如Sir,Mrs.,Dr);(工作的)職位例:She has a title. 她有貴族頭銜。/ It?s an interactive feature that letsvisitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary... 其特點(diǎn)是互動(dòng)性,這樣訪問者可鍵入一些工作要求的關(guān)鍵詞,如:地點(diǎn)、職位和薪水等……(2004考研閱讀Text 1)
超綱詞匯
bulge v./n. ①凸出,鼓脹 *②充滿,塞滿(后跟介詞with)例:His pocket was bulging withapples.他的口袋鼓鼓囊囊裝滿了蘋果。
hefty a.* ①很重的②異常大的,多的例:a hefty majority壓倒多數(shù)
languish v. ①(植物等)凋萎 *②失去活力,衰退
payroll n. ①[C]在職人員工資表例:be on/off the payroll被雇傭/解雇②[用單數(shù)](公司)工資發(fā)放總額
slimline a. *①式樣小巧的;薄型的②低糖的
長(zhǎng)難句分析
UBS Warburg nowexpects the “upfront” market, which starts in May when advertisers book advance ad spots onthe TV networks for the new season in September, to be up 4% on last year.
該句主干是UBSWarburg now expects the “upfront” market... to be up 4% on last year。which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句,修飾名詞market;在which引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,主干是which starts in May, when 引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,表時(shí)間,相當(dāng)于in which advertisers... ,修飾May。
語篇分析
本文題材涉及廣告經(jīng)濟(jì)。作者首先肯定了美國(guó)廣告業(yè)的復(fù)蘇,接著補(bǔ)充指出這種復(fù)蘇的不平衡性以及存在的潛在模式。這是一篇觀點(diǎn)論證型文章,按照“提出觀點(diǎn)—論證觀點(diǎn)—補(bǔ)充觀點(diǎn)”的方式展開論述,可分為三大部分。
第一段為第一部分,提出觀點(diǎn):美國(guó)廣告業(yè)即將復(fù)蘇。
介紹新聞集團(tuán)老總RupertMurdoch對(duì)廣告業(yè)狀況的看法的轉(zhuǎn)變:從去年認(rèn)為是全面復(fù)蘇(strong rays of sunshine),到最近認(rèn)為只是中度復(fù)蘇(a modest upswing)。該段用了一個(gè)比喻,把廣告業(yè)的復(fù)蘇比作陽光。最后兩句通過評(píng)論Rupert Murdoch的觀點(diǎn),即,去年他的看法過于樂觀,但現(xiàn)在業(yè)內(nèi)觀察家認(rèn)同他的觀點(diǎn),從而引出作者的觀點(diǎn):現(xiàn)在美國(guó)廣告業(yè)確實(shí)正在復(fù)蘇。
第二段為第二部分,論證觀點(diǎn):美國(guó)廣告業(yè)的復(fù)蘇符合經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律。
先論述一條經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律:廣告業(yè)是反映經(jīng)濟(jì)變化的靈敏標(biāo)志(exaggerate the economic cycle),并分析其深層次的原因是:企業(yè)主在經(jīng)濟(jì)低迷期首先削減廣告開支(trim their ad budgets),在經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇期馬上增加廣告投入。最后兩句利用以上經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律分析現(xiàn)狀,從而得出結(jié)論:去年經(jīng)濟(jì)低迷,廣告市場(chǎng)萎縮;今年經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇,廣告業(yè)預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)全面復(fù)蘇。
第三、四段為第三部分,補(bǔ)充觀點(diǎn):美國(guó)廣告業(yè)的復(fù)蘇是不平衡的。
第三段:首句以however為標(biāo)志,對(duì)上文觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了輕微的轉(zhuǎn)折,指出廣告業(yè)務(wù)的好轉(zhuǎn)并不平衡(The signs of improvement arepatchy)。接著該段舉例說明這種不平衡的兩種表現(xiàn)形式:①行業(yè)之間的不平衡,如:廣播和電視行業(yè)的廣告增長(zhǎng)比雜志和報(bào)紙行業(yè)高。②同一行業(yè)內(nèi)部的不平衡(huge difference),如:高科技雜志的廣告比名人或婦女雜志少;旅游欄目不如汽車和電影欄目受廣告商青睞;運(yùn)動(dòng)賽事促進(jìn)廣告增多。
第四段:指出不平衡中存在的潛在模式(underlying pattern):①地方電臺(tái)全國(guó)名牌的廣告位的預(yù)定(the booking of ad spots for national brandson local television)迅速增長(zhǎng)。段中引用專家(Mr. Westerfield)的分析和瑞銀華寶(UBS Warburg)的預(yù)測(cè)對(duì)這種潛在模式進(jìn)行了解釋說明。②網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣告將增加。
試題命制分析
通過對(duì)文章的整體分析,我們可以從以下幾個(gè)方面命題,考查考生的閱讀理解能力。
1. 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題
(1) 針對(duì)為什么廣告業(yè)能夠靈敏地反映經(jīng)濟(jì)變化,可以考查因果細(xì)節(jié)題。
(2) 第二段細(xì)節(jié)較多,可以綜合考查,參見試題13。
(3) 全文圍繞廣告業(yè)展開,可以綜合考查,如:下面哪一項(xiàng)正確?[A]廣告業(yè)是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵;[B]廣告業(yè)是經(jīng)濟(jì)變化的晴雨表;[C]廣告業(yè)在各個(gè)行業(yè)中發(fā)展不均衡;[D]地方電視臺(tái)的廣告業(yè)發(fā)展得更好。(答案:[B])
(4) 針對(duì)廣告業(yè)好轉(zhuǎn)的不平衡性,可以考查不同行業(yè)或同一行業(yè)里的例證,參見試題14。
(5) 針對(duì)最后一段,考查廣告市場(chǎng)的潛在模式是什么。
2. 推理引申題
(1) 針對(duì)第一段最后兩句His early optimism... beginning to agree with him,可以考查推理兩句話的潛在含義,參見試題12。也可以針對(duì)“早期的樂觀”出題,如:early optimism指Rupert Murdoch估計(jì)。[A]廣告經(jīng)濟(jì)全面復(fù)蘇;[B] 9.11事件的影響減弱;[C]媒體經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展前景光明;[D]業(yè)內(nèi)人士贊同他的觀點(diǎn)。(答案:[A])
(2)可以考查第二段最后兩句的潛在含義,如:從第二段最后兩句可以推知什么?[A]經(jīng)濟(jì)分析家與調(diào)查公司意見產(chǎn)生分歧;[B]今年美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)較去年有所增長(zhǎng);[C]企業(yè)主已經(jīng)大量增加廣告開支;[D]分析家忽視經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的一般規(guī)律。(答案:[B])
3. 作者態(tài)度題
縱觀全文,考查作者是怎樣看待廣告行業(yè)的前景的,參見試題15。又如:[A]肯定的;[B]否定的;[C]中立的;[D]復(fù)雜的。(答案:[A])
4. 詞義句意題
針對(duì)第一段的比喻論證,可以考查短語beams of light和strong rays of sunshine以及句子It is not necessarily time to reach for the sunglasses在文中的具體含義,參見試題11。
試題精解
11. 作者說it is not necessarily time toreach for the sun glasses的含義是____。
[A]陽光不是特別強(qiáng)烈[B]發(fā)展廣告業(yè)還不是好時(shí)候
[C]現(xiàn)在沒有必要擔(dān)憂經(jīng)濟(jì)[D]真正的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇還沒有開始
[精解]答案D本題考查句子含義。下文提到,默多克先生宣布“美國(guó)廣告市場(chǎng)有中度復(fù)蘇的跡象”。由此可知,第一句話實(shí)際上是一個(gè)暗喻:當(dāng)魯珀特•默多克看到美國(guó)廣告市場(chǎng)上的光芒時(shí)(比喻市場(chǎng)有了些許復(fù)蘇的跡象),拿太陽鏡還為時(shí)過早(比喻廣告市場(chǎng)還沒有全面復(fù)蘇)。[D]項(xiàng)正確揭示了這層意思,是正確答案。
12. 默多克先生對(duì)市場(chǎng)先前的估計(jì)現(xiàn)在看來____。
[A]夸張了情況[B]過于謹(jǐn)慎
[C]低估了發(fā)展[D]可能描述了真實(shí)的情況
[精解]答案D本題考查推理引申。由第一段可知,去年十月,這位新聞集團(tuán)的老總就已經(jīng)認(rèn)為是“強(qiáng)烈的陽光”(即廣告市場(chǎng)開始真正復(fù)蘇了)。但隨著廣告銷售的衰退,他于上個(gè)月宣布只是“中度復(fù)蘇的跡象”。該段最后兩句提到,他先前的樂觀看來是錯(cuò)了,然而,現(xiàn)在其他業(yè)內(nèi)觀察員卻開始認(rèn)同他的觀點(diǎn)?梢姡念A(yù)測(cè)符合現(xiàn)在的真實(shí)情況。[D]項(xiàng)正確。
13. 根據(jù)文章,下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是正確?
[A]廣告業(yè)是經(jīng)濟(jì)變化的敏感標(biāo)志。
[B]在經(jīng)濟(jì)低迷時(shí)期企業(yè)主會(huì)首先減薪。
[C] CMR對(duì)去年美國(guó)廣告市場(chǎng)作出了錯(cuò)誤判斷。
[D]廣告開支已經(jīng)開始全面增長(zhǎng)。
[精解]答案A本題考查第二段的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。該段第一句指出,廣告業(yè)的行情通常放大這樣的經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律:廣告業(yè)在經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣的初期就明顯下降,一旦經(jīng)濟(jì)開始復(fù)蘇就迅猛回升。因此可推出[A]項(xiàng)正確。該段第二句分析其原因:經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣時(shí),絕大多數(shù)企業(yè)主寧愿先削減廣告開支而不愿意先減薪。由此排除[B]項(xiàng)。第三句提到CMR對(duì)美國(guó)廣告市場(chǎng)的調(diào)查結(jié)果,但沒有說明它的判斷準(zhǔn)確與否,因此排除[C]項(xiàng)。最后一句提到,分析家預(yù)測(cè)第三季度廣告費(fèi)會(huì)全面上升,因此[D]項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在“已經(jīng)開始”。
14. 廣告業(yè)務(wù)看漲的領(lǐng)域是_____。
[A]高技術(shù)雜志和體育產(chǎn)業(yè)[B]名人雜志和旅游業(yè)
[C]婦女雜志和汽車工業(yè)[D]電影行業(yè)和高科技雜志
[精解]答案C本題考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。第三段第三句提到,即使在同一個(gè)行業(yè)里,(廣告業(yè)務(wù)增長(zhǎng)的情況)也會(huì)有巨大的差異。接著,該句將“高科技雜志”與“名人或婦女雜志”相比,指出前者曾經(jīng)充斥著各種廣告而現(xiàn)在卻很薄,由此可推知,高科技雜志的廣告少,婦女雜志的廣告多,排除[A]和[D]項(xiàng)。該段第四句話提到,廣告主對(duì)旅游欄目舍不得花錢,但對(duì)汽車和電影這樣的欄目卻從不猶豫。因此可排除[B]項(xiàng)。正確答案是[C]項(xiàng)。
15. 作者對(duì)美國(guó)廣告市場(chǎng)前景的看法是什么?
[A]雖然緩慢但肯定會(huì)復(fù)蘇。[B]將會(huì)有一個(gè)較大的增長(zhǎng)。
[C]將會(huì)出現(xiàn)局部增長(zhǎng)。[D]情況將會(huì)持續(xù)悲觀。
[精解]答案A本題考查作者觀點(diǎn)。作者通篇以客觀的口吻陳述美國(guó)廣告市場(chǎng)行情的變化。9•11事件以后經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)一直低迷,廣告市場(chǎng)也一片慘淡。但是近來廣告市場(chǎng)顯示了復(fù)蘇的微弱跡象:第二段倒數(shù)第二句話,“盡管根據(jù)調(diào)查去年廣告市場(chǎng)萎縮了9.8%,但專家預(yù)測(cè)今年第三季度廣告開支會(huì)有所增長(zhǎng)。”第三段主要談廣告市場(chǎng)行情回升的不均勻性,有的領(lǐng)域形勢(shì)很好,有的領(lǐng)域如旅游業(yè)廣告仍然不景氣。最后一段的例子說明電視、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等媒體上的廣告訂單開始增加。總體看來,可見作者認(rèn)為廣告業(yè)在慢慢恢復(fù)。因此答案為[A]項(xiàng)。
全文翻譯
當(dāng)魯珀特•默多克看到美國(guó)廣告市場(chǎng)上反彈的光芒時(shí),那光線還不夠刺眼(戴太陽鏡還為時(shí)過早)。去年十月,當(dāng)9•11事件的影響剛剛開始顯現(xiàn)出來時(shí),這位新聞集團(tuán)的老總就已經(jīng)認(rèn)為是“強(qiáng)烈的陽光”了。隨著廣告銷售的衰退,魯珀特•默多克先生上個(gè)月宣布“美國(guó)廣告市場(chǎng)有中度復(fù)蘇的跡象”。他先前看來是過于樂觀了。然而,現(xiàn)在其他業(yè)內(nèi)觀察員卻開始認(rèn)同他的觀點(diǎn)。
廣告業(yè)的行情通常放大這樣的經(jīng)濟(jì)周期:廣告業(yè)在經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣的初期就明顯下滑,一旦經(jīng)濟(jì)開始復(fù)蘇就立刻反彈。這是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)不景氣時(shí),絕大多數(shù)企業(yè)主都寧愿削減廣告開支而不愿意減薪,一旦感覺到經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)有所回升他們就立刻又重新投入這些廣告費(fèi)用。根據(jù)美蘭德媒體調(diào)查顯示,去年美國(guó)的廣告市場(chǎng)萎縮了9.8%。雖然廣告費(fèi)用的上升還沒有在所有媒體中體現(xiàn)出來,但根據(jù)一些分析家的預(yù)測(cè),今年第三季度廣告費(fèi)會(huì)全面上升。
然而,這些好轉(zhuǎn)的跡象并不平衡。廣播和電視廣告費(fèi)似乎在緩慢地上升——根據(jù)安吉斯的報(bào)道,美國(guó)國(guó)家廣播的廣告收入在一月份比去年同期上漲了2%——而報(bào)刊雜志的廣告費(fèi)依然很少。當(dāng)然,即使在同一個(gè)行業(yè)里,也會(huì)有巨大的差異。比如拿一本曾經(jīng)充斥著各種廣告而現(xiàn)在顯得很小巧的高科技雜志,與名人或女性娛樂雜志相比。廣告主仍然不愿意在有些欄目如旅游欄目中買斷版面或播放時(shí)間,而對(duì)汽車和電影這樣的欄目卻從不猶豫。上個(gè)月在鹽湖城舉辦的冬奧會(huì),也使第一季度的廣播廣告投資出現(xiàn)了異常的增多。
然而,這里存在著潛在的市場(chǎng)變化。表現(xiàn)之一是預(yù)定地方電視臺(tái)的廣告位宣傳國(guó)家品牌。根據(jù)威斯特弗爾德先生的分析,三月初,前十名廣告時(shí)段中有八個(gè)時(shí)段里這種預(yù)定在迅速增長(zhǎng),以金融和汽車業(yè)投資最多。瑞銀華寶現(xiàn)在寄希望于“前瞻”市場(chǎng),它會(huì)在5月啟動(dòng),那時(shí)廣告主們?yōu)榫旁路蓍_始的新季度預(yù)訂廣告欄目,預(yù)計(jì)比去年增長(zhǎng)4%。根據(jù)一些預(yù)測(cè),網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣告到年底也會(huì)有起色
text 2
未來汽車
You slipthe key into the ignition and crank the engine to life. But before you put thecar into gear, you tap a key on the keyboard mounted by the steering wheel, andyour newest e?mail flashes up on the windscreen.
Thisseductive satyr is what you get when you cross a car and a computer. Dubbed the“networkvehicle”, or net-mobile, it may soon come to a driveway near you (probably theone belonging to your rich neighbour). In a net-mobile, a motorist could tapinto a regional road system but also to map out a route around rush-hourtraffic snags. Drivers and passengers will be able to send and receive e-mail,track the latest sports scores or stock quotes, surf the Web, and even playvideo games. Or so, at least, say a number of computer-industry firms such asMicrosoft, Sun, IBM and Netscape.
Themodern car is already an electronic showcase on wheels. On-board microcomputersimprove fuel economy and reduce emissions. They operate anti-lock brakesystems, and on some cars even regulate the firmness of the shock absorbers.But much of the technology needed to add extra is available now. A prototypenetwork vehicle, produced by a consortium of Netscape, Sun, IBM and Delco (anautomotive electronics firm based in Michigan), was introduced at the recentannual computer?industry show in Las Vegas.
It notonly offered such desktop-computer-like services as e-mail, but allowed adriver to use them without looking away from the road. It was operated by voicecommands and projected its data on to the windscreen, using the same sort ofhead-up display system found in modern fighter jets. Members of the consortiumthink a real-world network vehicle could be in production in as little as fouryears.
Car-makershave already begun rolling out some of the features found on these prototypenet?mobiles. Ifthe driver of a General Motors car equipped with its On-Star system locks hiskey in the car, for example, an emergency centre can transmit a digital signalto unlock the doors. On-star also calls automatically for help if an accidenttriggers the airbags. Toyota and General Motors are among a growing list offirms offering such in-car navigation systems. And in Europe, BMW andMercedes-Benz recently introduced navigation hardware that can not only plotout a route, but alert a driver to traffic jams.[419 words]
6.Thefuture car can be defined as the machine which________.
[A] sends and receives e-mails, andsurfs the Web
[B] taps into a regional road systemto get directions
[C] combines car functions andcomputer functions
[D] tracks the latest sports scoresand stock quotes
7.“An electronic showcase on wheels”probably means__________.
[A] a computer industry show
[B] a network car
[C] a car that exhibits electronicachievements
[D] a computer that has wheels
8.Comparedwith an ordinary modern car, the network vehicle will have an on-boardmicrocomputer which________.
[A] projects data on the windscreen
[B] improves fuel economy and reducesemissions
[C] operates anti_lock brake systems
[D] regulates the firmness of theshock absorbers
9.Thein-car navigation system has all of the following functions EXCEPT________.
[A] calling for help if an accidenttriggers the airbag
[B] transmitting a digital signal tounlock the doors
[C] alerting emergency centre if thekey is locked in the car
[D] plotting out route and alert oneto traffic jams
10.Thepassage is written probably to_______.
[A] promote electronic culture
[B] advertise for the motormanufacturers
[C]attract potential motorconsumers
[D] provide information about the net vehicle
核心詞匯
prototype n. [C]原型,模型;典型,榜樣;proto?前綴,表示“原,第一,原始的”,如protovirus原始病毒;protozoology原生動(dòng)物學(xué)
roll out ①輾平,鋪開例:roll out the red carpet for sb.展開紅地毯隆重地歡迎某人 *②滔滔不絕地說出;洪亮地講出或唱出例:roll out verses朗誦詩句
超綱詞匯
consortium n.①社團(tuán),聯(lián)盟②合股,合伙,聯(lián)合 *③企業(yè)集團(tuán)
crank n. ①曲柄②怪人,脾氣壞的人;怪想法 *v.轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)曲柄(發(fā)動(dòng)汽車)
dub *v. 把……稱為,授予……新稱號(hào) n. 笨蛋
snag n./v. 障礙,阻礙
長(zhǎng)難句分析
It was operated by voice commands and projected its data onto the windscreen,using the same sort of head?up display system found in modern fighter jets.
該句主干是It wasoperated by... and projected its data...,F(xiàn)在分詞短語using... 做方式狀語,修飾謂語動(dòng)詞projected;在using分詞短語中,過去分詞短語found in... 做后置定語,修飾display system。
語篇分析
本文題材涉及汽車技術(shù),作者介紹未來汽車的功能與特點(diǎn),并指出這種汽車很快將成為現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的消費(fèi)品。本文屬于介紹新事物型文章,可分為“提出新事物——比較舊事物——突出新事物”三部分。
第一、二段為第一部分:引入話題,介紹網(wǎng)絡(luò)汽車(新事物)的功能。
第一段:直觀地描述使用未來汽車的場(chǎng)景:敲擊方向盤上安裝的鍵盤(tap a key on the keyboard mounted by the steering wheel);擋風(fēng)玻璃上閃現(xiàn)你的最新郵件(your newest e?mail flashes up on the windscreen)。
第二段:首句承接上文,指出第一段所描述的是電腦與汽車相結(jié)合的網(wǎng)絡(luò)汽車(network vehicle/ net mobile)。接著預(yù)測(cè)這種汽車將很快成為現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的消費(fèi)品(it may soon come to a drivewaynear you)。然后介紹網(wǎng)絡(luò)汽車的使用功能:駕駛者可以①接進(jìn)地域性公路系統(tǒng)(tap into a regional road system);②在交通擁擠的時(shí)候畫出路線圖繞過交通障礙(map out a rout around rush?hour traffic snags)。司機(jī)和乘客可以①收發(fā)郵件(send and receive email);②跟蹤最新的體育比分和股票行情(track the latest sports scores orstock quotes);③上網(wǎng)沖浪(surf the Web);④玩電視游戲(play video games)。段末借用微軟等公司的觀點(diǎn)指出,以上這些功能都可以實(shí)現(xiàn)。
第三段為第二部分:介紹現(xiàn)代汽車(舊事物)已經(jīng)具備的技術(shù)。
第三段:將現(xiàn)代汽車比喻為電子陳列柜,介紹其微型計(jì)算機(jī)(on?board microcomputers)能夠:①節(jié)約燃料,減少氣體排放(improve fuel economy and reduce emissions);②操縱反鎖剎車系統(tǒng)(operate anti?lock brake system);③調(diào)節(jié)防震器的松緊度(regulate the firmness of the shockabsorbers)。最后兩句指出,增加了額外技術(shù)的未來汽車模型(a prototype network vehicle)已經(jīng)存在。
第四和五段為第三部分:介紹未來汽車的新功能及發(fā)展前景。
第四段:介紹網(wǎng)絡(luò)汽車模型的功能:①提供臺(tái)式電腦式的服務(wù),如收發(fā)郵件(offer desktop?computer?like services);②允許司機(jī)安全便利地使用這些服務(wù)(use the services without lookingaway from the road);③由聲音指令操作(voice commands);④使用最先進(jìn)的平視顯示器,將數(shù)據(jù)投射在擋風(fēng)玻璃上(head?up display system,projected its data on to thewindscreen)。此處與文章第一段的描述相呼應(yīng)。段末再次借用大公司的觀點(diǎn)指出,網(wǎng)絡(luò)汽車很快將投入生產(chǎn)。
第五段:重點(diǎn)介紹網(wǎng)絡(luò)汽車模型的內(nèi)置導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)(in?car navigation systems),其作用包括:①緊急情況下通過遠(yuǎn)程發(fā)射數(shù)字信號(hào)開啟車門(transmit a digital signal tounlock the doors);②發(fā)生事故時(shí),自動(dòng)求救(calls automatically for helps);③規(guī)劃路線(plot out a route);④提醒駕駛者注意交通堵塞(alert a driver to traffic jams)。倒數(shù)第二句補(bǔ)充指出,越來越多的汽車公司已經(jīng)提供車內(nèi)導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)。
試題命制分析
通過對(duì)文章的整體分析,我們可以從以下幾個(gè)方面命題,考查考生的閱讀理解能力。
1. 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題
(1) 可以考查未來汽車的本質(zhì)特點(diǎn),參見試題6。
(2) 可以考查網(wǎng)絡(luò)汽車給人們帶來的便利,如:乘客可以享受以下所有服務(wù),除了_____。[A]玩電視游戲;[B]接進(jìn)地域性公路系統(tǒng);[C]收發(fā)郵件;[D]上網(wǎng)沖浪。(答案:[B])
(3) 針對(duì)第三段有關(guān)現(xiàn)代汽車的介紹,可以直接考查它的功能或特點(diǎn),也可以考查它與未來汽車的不同,參見試題8。
(4) 針對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)汽車的導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng),可以綜合考查其功能,參見試題9。
(5) 可以綜合全文,考查網(wǎng)絡(luò)汽車的特點(diǎn),如:以下哪項(xiàng)不是網(wǎng)絡(luò)汽車的特點(diǎn)?[A]聲音指令操作;[B]全新的衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航功能;[C]操縱反鎖剎車系統(tǒng);[D]在交通堵塞時(shí)幫助駕駛者繞過交通障礙。(答案:[C])
2. 詞義句意題
(1) 可以考查第二段第一句中this seductive satyr具體指代的事物,參見試題6。
(2) 可以考查第三段首句中an electronic showcase on wheels具體指代的事物,參見試題7。
(3) 可以考查第三段倒數(shù)第二句的含義,如:the technology needed to add extra(第三段)包括以下哪一個(gè)?[A]發(fā)生事故時(shí)自動(dòng)救助傷者;[B]提醒駕駛者注意交通堵塞;[C]減少氣體排放;[D]操縱反鎖剎車系統(tǒng)。(答案:[B])
3. 作者態(tài)度題
縱觀全文,考查作者對(duì)未來汽車的態(tài)度,如:[A]肯定的;[B]否定的;[C]復(fù)雜的;[D]中立的。通篇都在介紹網(wǎng)絡(luò)汽車的優(yōu)點(diǎn),可見作者的態(tài)度是肯定的、積極的。(答案:[A])
4. 文章主旨題
本文觀點(diǎn)非常明確,可以命制文章主旨題。參見試題10。
試題精解
6.未來的汽車可以定義為_____的機(jī)器。
[A]可收發(fā)電子郵件并且在網(wǎng)上沖浪
[B]可觸摸進(jìn)入地區(qū)公路系統(tǒng)來獲得方向指示
[C]結(jié)合了汽車和電腦功能的綜合體
[D]可追蹤最新的體育比賽得分情況和股市報(bào)價(jià)
[精解]答案C 本題考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。第一段對(duì)未來汽車進(jìn)行了一番美好描述。二段首句指出這種機(jī)器就是汽車和電腦的交合體。satyr原義是“半人半獸的森林之神”,這里比喻為“半汽車半電腦的結(jié)合體”。第二句指出這種汽車享有“網(wǎng)絡(luò)汽車”(network vehicle)的稱號(hào),因此[C]項(xiàng)為最佳答案。其他項(xiàng)都是未來汽車的部分功能,不具概括性。
7.“輪子上的電子陳列櫥”可能指的是______。
[A]電腦工業(yè)展示會(huì)
[B]網(wǎng)絡(luò)汽車
[C]展示了電子成就的汽車
[D]有輪子的電腦
[精解]答案C本題考查根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)詞義。三段首句指出,現(xiàn)代汽車已經(jīng)是一個(gè)帶輪子的電子陳列櫥。該段接著詳細(xì)敘述了其具體功能。but一詞后出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折,開始談網(wǎng)絡(luò)汽車(即未來汽車),它與現(xiàn)代汽車相比添加了額外的技術(shù),其模型已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)在拉斯維加斯的電腦工業(yè)展示會(huì)上了。因此“帶輪子的電子陳列櫥”就是具備電子功能的現(xiàn)代汽車,[C]項(xiàng)為正確答案。
8.與一般的現(xiàn)代汽車相比,網(wǎng)絡(luò)汽車會(huì)在內(nèi)部安置微電腦_____。
[A]將數(shù)據(jù)投射到汽車擋風(fēng)玻璃上
[B]節(jié)約燃油量和減少排放量
[C]操縱反鎖剎車系統(tǒng)
[D]調(diào)節(jié)減震器的松緊程度
[精解]答案A本題考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。該題實(shí)際上是要求考生找出網(wǎng)絡(luò)汽車和現(xiàn)代汽車的區(qū)別。根據(jù)三段可知,[B]、[C]和[D]項(xiàng)都是現(xiàn)代汽車的功能。只有[A]項(xiàng)是四段談到的網(wǎng)絡(luò)汽車先進(jìn)于現(xiàn)代汽車的功能之一。
9.汽車內(nèi)置的導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的功能不包括_____。
[A]發(fā)生事故時(shí)啟動(dòng)安全氣袋后自動(dòng)求救
[B]發(fā)射一種數(shù)字信號(hào)來開車門
[C]鑰匙被鎖在車內(nèi)時(shí)向緊急服務(wù)中心報(bào)警
[D]規(guī)劃路線并提醒駕駛者注意交通堵塞
[精解]答案C本題考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞navigation system迅速定位到第五段。該段倒數(shù)第二句提到:包括豐田和通用汽車公司在內(nèi)越來越多的公司提供了這種內(nèi)置導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)。聯(lián)系上下文,上文提到如果裝備衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)(On?Star system)的通用汽車的駕駛者把車鑰匙鎖在車內(nèi)了,那么緊急服務(wù)中心會(huì)發(fā)射一種數(shù)字信號(hào)來開車門。而且發(fā)生事故時(shí)如果安全氣袋被啟動(dòng),該系統(tǒng)還會(huì)自動(dòng)求救。下文提到,歐洲的寶馬和奔馳汽車公司最近引進(jìn)了一種導(dǎo)航軟件,它不僅能夠規(guī)劃路線而且可以提醒駕駛者注意交通堵塞。可見,[A]、[B]和[D]項(xiàng)都是文中列舉的導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的功能。[C]錯(cuò)在不是“報(bào)警”而是“發(fā)射信號(hào)”。
10.這篇文章的寫作目的可能是_____。
[A]宣傳電子文化
[B]替汽車生產(chǎn)商做廣告
[C]吸引潛在的汽車消費(fèi)者
[D]提供有關(guān)網(wǎng)絡(luò)汽車的信息
[精解]答案D本題變相考查主旨;仡櫲模瑥慕榻B未來汽車(即網(wǎng)絡(luò)汽車),到將網(wǎng)絡(luò)汽車和現(xiàn)代汽車作比列出前者的優(yōu)越之處,文章主要以提供信息為主,勾畫了未來汽車的美好前景。因此[D]正確。其他項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容文中都未提及。
全文翻譯
把鑰匙插在點(diǎn)火裝置上,開動(dòng)引擎。在給汽車掛擋之前,敲擊嵌在方向盤上的鍵盤,你的最新郵件將在擋風(fēng)玻璃上閃現(xiàn)。
當(dāng)你把一輛汽車和一臺(tái)電腦混合到一起的時(shí)候,就得到了這種引人注目的汽車和電腦的交合體。享有“網(wǎng)絡(luò)汽車”或者是“網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)動(dòng)物體”稱號(hào)的機(jī)器可能不久就將出現(xiàn)在你附近的車道上(其中也許有一輛屬于你富有的鄰居)。駕駛者在網(wǎng)絡(luò)汽車?yán)锊粌H可以接進(jìn)地域性公路系統(tǒng),還可以在交通擁擠的時(shí)段畫出路線圖繞過交通障礙。司機(jī)和乘客都能收發(fā)郵件,跟蹤最新的體育比分和股票行情,上網(wǎng)沖浪,甚至玩電視游戲。至少像微軟、Sun、IBM和Netscape這幾家公司是這么認(rèn)為的。
現(xiàn)代汽車已經(jīng)是輪子上的一個(gè)電子陳列柜。車上的微型計(jì)算機(jī)不僅節(jié)約了燃料而且減少了氣體排放。它們操縱反鎖剎車系統(tǒng),甚至調(diào)節(jié)一些汽車上防震器的松緊度。但是大部分需要增加的新技術(shù)目前已經(jīng)存在。由Netscape、Sun、IBM和Delco(密歇根的一個(gè)自動(dòng)電子公司)聯(lián)合生產(chǎn)的一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)汽車模型最近在拉斯韋加斯舉辦的一年一度的計(jì)算機(jī)工業(yè)展示會(huì)上展示出來。
它不僅僅提供臺(tái)式電腦似的服務(wù),如收發(fā)郵件,同時(shí)允許司機(jī)不用將目光離開路面就能使用這些服務(wù)。它由聲音指令操作,使用與現(xiàn)代噴氣式戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)相同的平視顯示器系統(tǒng)(前窗玻璃映像顯示系統(tǒng)),并且把數(shù)據(jù)投射在擋風(fēng)玻璃上。聯(lián)合的幾大公司認(rèn)為真正的網(wǎng)絡(luò)汽車將會(huì)在短短的四年內(nèi)投入生產(chǎn)。
汽車制造者已經(jīng)開始為我們展示這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)汽車模型的某些特征。如果裝備衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的通用汽車的駕駛者把車鑰匙鎖在車內(nèi)了,那么緊急服務(wù)中心會(huì)發(fā)射一種數(shù)字信號(hào)來開車門。而且發(fā)生事故時(shí)如果安全氣袋被啟動(dòng),該系統(tǒng)還會(huì)自動(dòng)求救。豐田汽車和通用汽車公司僅僅是提供這樣的車內(nèi)導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的公司其中的兩家,這樣的公司越來越多。歐洲的寶馬和奔馳汽車公司最近引進(jìn)了一種導(dǎo)航硬件,它不僅能夠規(guī)劃路線而且可以提醒駕駛者注意交通堵塞。
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