2017年理工類B職稱英語練習(xí)
2017年職稱英語考試預(yù)計(jì)在3月份，為了幫助大家備考職稱英語理工類完形填空題，小編分享了一些理工類B級完形填空練習(xí)，希望能對大家有所幫助!
2015年真題
I'll Be Bach
Composer David Cope is the inventor of a computer program that writes original works of classical music. It took Cope 30 years to develop the software. Now most people can't __________(51) the difference between music by the famous German composer J. S.Bach (1685-1750) and the Bach-like compositions from Cope's computer.
It all started in 1980 in the United States, when Cope was trying to write an opera. He was having__________ (52) thinking of new melodies, so he wrote a computer program to create the melodies. At first this music was not __________(53) to listen to. What did Cope do?He began to rethink how human beings compose music. He realized that composers' brains __________(54) like big databases.
First, they take in all the music that they have ever heard.Then they take __________(55) the music that they dislike. Finally, they make new music from what is__________ (56). According to Cope, only the great composers are able to create the database accurately, rememberit, and form new musical pattems from it.
Cope built a __________ (57) database of existing music. He began with hundreds of works by Bach. The software analyzed the data __________ (58) it down into smaller pieces and looked for patterns. It then combined the __________ (59) into new patterns. Beforelong, the program could compose short Bach-like works. Theyweren't good, but it was a start.
Cope knew he had more work to do-he had a whole opera to write. He continued to improve the software. Soon it could__________(60) more complex music. He also added many other composers,including his own work to the database.
A few years later, Cope's computer program, called "Emmy", was ready to help him with his opera.
The__________(61) required a lot of collaboration between the composer and Emmy. Cope listened to the computer's musical ideas and used the __________(62) that he liked. WithEmmy, the opera took only two weeks to finish.It was called Cradle Falling, and it was a great__________(63)! Cope received some of the best reviews of his career, but no one knew exactly __________ (64) he had composed the work.
Since that first opera, Emmy has written thousands of compositions. Cope still gives Emmy feedback on what he likes and doesn't like of her music, __________(65) she is doing most of the hard work of composing these days!
51. A. make
B. tell
C. take
D. understand
52. A. trouble
B. time
C. fear
D. pleasure
53. A. loud
B. peaceful
C. classic
D. easy
54. A. feel
B. look
C. sound
D. work
55. A. in
B. at
C. with
D. out
56. A. added
B. left
C. created
D. released
57. A. small
B. huge
C. simple
D. colorful
58. A. cut
B. drop
C. broke
D. turned
59. A. parts
B. programs
C. ideas
D. pieces
60. A. play
B. hear
C. collect
D. analyze
61. A. stage
B. process
C. period
D. application
62. A. ones
B. cases
C. others
D. sides
63. A. loss
B. end
C. success
D. rush
64. A. when
B. how
C. what D. why
65. A. but
B. until
C. so
D. becasue
2014年真題
Underground Coal Fires
Coal burning deep underground in China, India and Indonesia is threatening the environment andhuman life, scientists have warned. These large-scale __________(51) blazes cause the ground temperature to heat up and kill surrounding vegetation, produce greenhouse gases and can __________(52) ignite forest fires, a panel of scientists told the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Denver. The resulting__________ (53) of poisonous elements like arsenic and mercury can also pollute local water sources and soils,they warned.
"Coal fires are a global catastrophe," said Associate Professor Glenn Stracher of East Georgia College in Swainsboro, USA. But __________ (54) few people know about them.
Coal can heat up on its own, and eventually catch fire and burn, if there is a continuous oxygen supply. The heat produced is not caused to __________ (55) and under the right combinations of sunlight and oxygen, can trigger spontaneous catching fire and burning. This can occur underground, in coal stockpiles, abandoned mines or even as coal is transported.__________ (56) fires in China consume up to 200 million tones of coal per year, delegates were told. In __________(57), the U.S. economy consumes about one billion tones of coal annually, said Stracher,.__________ (58)analysis of the likely impact of coal fires has been accepted for publication in the International Journal of Coal Ecology. __________(59) underway, coal fires can bum for decades, even centuries. In the process, they release large__________(60) of greenhouse gases, poisonous fumes and black particles into the atmosphere.
The members of the panel discussed the__________(61) these fires may be having on global and regional climate change, and agreed that the underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to __________(62).
Ultimately, the remote sensing and other techniques should allow scientists to __________(63)how much carbon dioxide these fires are emitting. One suggested__________ (64) of containing the fires was presented by Gary Colaizzi, of the engineering firm Goodson, which has developed a heat-resistant grout (a thin mortar used to fill cracks and crevices), which is designed to be pumped into the coal fire to__________(65) the oxygen supply.
51.A. house B. undergroundC. skyD. water
52.A. only
B. even
C. just
D. then
53.A. release
B. paste
C. consumption
D. elimination
54.A. happily
B. traditionally
C. surprisingly
D. fashionably
55.A. exchange
B. regenerate
C. disappear
D. transfer
56.A. Most
B. Such
C. Some
D. Many
57.A. comparison
B. case
C. time
D. turn
58.A. which
B. who
C. whose
D. what
59.A. Yet
B. Unless
C. Although
D. Once
60.A. data
B. volumes
C. figures
D. images
61.A. attack
B. impact
C. identification
D. implication
62.A. develop
B. relieve
C. detect
D. supply
63.A. estimate
B. experiment
C. gather
D. illustrate
64.A. cause
B. method
C. treatment
D. rule
65.A. take up
B. back up
C. run out
D. cut off
2013年真題
Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures
The vultures (禿鷹) in question may look ugly and threatening, but the sudden sharp decline in three species of India's vultures is producing alarm rather than celebration, and it presents the world with a new kind of environmental problem. The dramatic__________(51) in vulture numbers is causing widespread disruption to people living in the__________(52) areas as the birds. It is also causing serious public health problems __________(53) the Indian sub-continent.
While their reputation and appearance may be unpleasant to many Indians, vultures have__________(54)played a very important role in keeping towns and villages all over India __________(55) It is because they feed on dead cows. In India, cows are sacred animals and are__________ (56) left in the open when they die in their thousands upon thousands every year.
The disappearance of the vultures has __________(57) an explosion in the numbers of wild dogs feeding on the remains of these__________ (58) animals. There are fears that rabies (狂犬癥) may increase as a result. And this terrifying disease may ultimately (最終) affect humans in the region, __________ (59) ild dogs are its main carriers. Rabies could also spread to other animal species, __________(60) an even greater problem in the future.
The need for action is __________ (61), so an emergency project has been launched to find a solution to this serious vulture problem. Scientists are trying to__________ (62) the disease causing the birds' deaths and, if possible, develop a cure.
Large-scale vulture__________(63) were first noticed at the end of the 1980s in India. A population survey at that time showed that the three species of vultures had declined__________ (64)over 90 per cent. All three species are now listed as "critically endangered". As most vultures lay only single eggs and__________ (65) about five years to reach maturity, reversing their population decline will be a long and difficult exercise.
51.A. increase
B. threat
C. risk
D. decline
52.A. small
B. different
C. same
D. safe
53.A. above
B. with
C. across
D. through
54.A. rarely
B. long
C. recently
D. seldom
55.A. dangerous
B. clean
C. smelly
D. beautiful
56.A. immediately
B. occasionally
C. hardly
D. traditionally
57.A. acted as
B. led to
C. come from
D. slowed down
58.A. dead
B. strange
C. wild
D. endangered
59.A. when
B. so
C. whether
D. since
60.A. improving
B. causing
C. predicting
D. finding
61.A. frequent
B. regular
C. urgent
D. sudden
62.A. identify
B. prove
C. test
D. check
63.A. injuries
B. deaths
C. arrivals
D. attacks
64.A. in
B. on
C. along
D. by
65.A. waste
B. consume
C. take
D. adopt
答案與解析
2015年真題
51.B。題干：現(xiàn)在，科普的計(jì)算機(jī)寫出的作品與德國著名作曲家J.S.巴赫寫的作品很相似，很少有人能__________ 出其中的不同。本題考查句意和名詞。四個選項(xiàng)分別代入后，tell the difference為固定搭配意為“分辨不同”，代入后比較符合原文的語境，故B為正確答案。
52.A。題干：但是他__________ 創(chuàng)作出新的旋律，于是他編寫了一個計(jì)算機(jī)軟件來幫他編曲。本題考查固定搭配。Have trouble doing sth意為“做……有麻煩”，have some time/fear to do sth意為“做某事有時(shí)間/擔(dān)心去”，have pleasure doing sth意為“做……有樂趣”，四 個選項(xiàng)分別代入后，只有have trouble比較符合語境，故A為正確答案。
53.D。題干：最開始的時(shí)候，軟件寫出的樂曲并不__________ 去聽。本題考查形容詞和句意。根據(jù)后一句，Cope是怎么做的呢?他開始重新考慮人們作曲的方式，由此可以知道該句談?wù)摰氖亲畛跤龅降膯栴}，四個選項(xiàng)分別代入后，easy比較符合語境，表示音樂起初聽起來不動聽。故D為正確答案。
54.D。題干：他意識到作曲家的大腦__________ 就像一個大數(shù)據(jù)庫。本題考查句意和動詞。四個選項(xiàng)分別代入，“工作起來像個大數(shù)據(jù)”庫比較符合語境，其他幾個代入后都不合邏輯，故D是正確答案。
55.D。題干：然后他們會__________ 他們不喜歡的音樂。本題考查句意和固定搭配。take in意為“吸收”，take with意為“帶上”，take out意為“拿出，取出”，不喜歡的音樂應(yīng)該將其拿出，故D是正確答案。
56.B。題干：最后再根據(jù)__________ 創(chuàng)作出新的旋律。本題考查固定搭配和上下文語義。根據(jù)原文的語境，他們先是吸收他們聽過的所有音樂，然后去除他們不喜歡的，所以最后應(yīng)該是根據(jù)留下的音樂來創(chuàng)作出新的旋律，因此B為正確選項(xiàng)。
57.B。題干：科普根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的音樂建立了__________ 數(shù)據(jù)庫。本題考查形容詞和句意。四個選項(xiàng)分別代入，根據(jù)前后的句子可以發(fā)現(xiàn)huge比較符合語境。因此B為正確選項(xiàng)。
58.C。題干：科普的軟件將這些數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析：首先它將音樂__________ 小的片段，從中找出固定模式。本題考查上下文語義和固定搭配。四個選項(xiàng)都可以跟空格后的down形成固定搭配，其中cut down意為“砍到”，drop down意為“下降”，break down意為“打破，粉碎;出故障”，turn down意為“降低音量，拒絕”，從原句的“smaller pieces”可推斷出C為正確答案。
59.D。題干：然后將__________ 組合成新的模式。本題考查形容詞和句意。根據(jù)前一句，科普的軟件將這些數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析：首先它將音樂拆解成小的片段，從中找出固定模式。由此可知是將這些片段進(jìn)行組合，故D為正確選項(xiàng)。
60.D。題干：他進(jìn)一步完善他的軟件，不久它就能夠__________ 更復(fù)雜的音樂了。本題考查動詞和上下文語義。根據(jù)上下文，他進(jìn)一步改善軟件就是希望軟件能幫助其分析和創(chuàng)作出更復(fù)雜的音樂，由此D選項(xiàng)為正確答案。
61.B。題干：幾年后，科普的軟件“艾米”已經(jīng)能夠幫助他創(chuàng)作歌劇了。__________ 需要作曲家和艾米共同配合。本題考查名詞詞義和句意。四個選項(xiàng)分別代入，顯然是在軟件創(chuàng)作音樂過程中需要作曲家和艾米共同配合，故B為正確選項(xiàng)。
62.A。題干：科普聆聽艾米寫出的音樂片段，使用了他認(rèn)為好的__________ 。本題考查代詞。根據(jù)原文語境，科普聆聽艾米所創(chuàng)作的音樂片段，然后選取了他認(rèn)為好的片段，因而用ones來指代所創(chuàng)作的音樂片段，故A為正確選項(xiàng)。
63.C。題干：有了艾米的幫助，科普只用了兩個星期就完成了這部歌劇，叫作《搖籃墜落》，該部歌劇是巨大的__________ 。本題考查句意和名詞。從空格前的修飾語great來看，great success比較符合語境，故C為正確選項(xiàng)。
64.B。題干：科普也得到了他有生以來最高的評價(jià)，但是沒有人知道他究竟是——創(chuàng)作出這部歌劇的。本題考查狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞。四個選項(xiàng)分別代入，沒有人知道他是用軟件創(chuàng)作出來的，所以how比較符合原文的語境，故B為正確答案。
65.A。題干：普現(xiàn)在依然會給艾米反饋，告訴她自己哪些音樂是他喜歡的，哪些是不喜歡的，__________ 現(xiàn)在大部分的工作是由艾米來完成的。本題考查上下文邏輯關(guān)系。原文中空格前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以本題選A。
2014年真題
51.B。本題考查線索回現(xiàn)解題法。題干：這些大規(guī)模的__________ 火焰造成地面溫度上升，殺死四周的植被，產(chǎn)生溫室氣體，__________ 能引發(fā)森林火災(zāi)。根據(jù)首句的coal burning deep underground可知，火焰(blaze)是在地下。故本題答案為B。
52.B。本題考查副詞。題干：這些大規(guī)模的地下火焰造成地面溫度上升，殺死四周的植被，產(chǎn)生溫室氣體，__________ 能引發(fā)森林火災(zāi)。根據(jù)并列部分的程度，從造成地面溫度上升，到引發(fā)森林火災(zāi)，四個并列成分之間是遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系，因此在火災(zāi)之前用“甚至”來表示程度的嚴(yán)重是合理的。故本題答案為B。
53.A。本題考查名詞。題干：隨之而來的有害氣體的__________ ，比如砷和汞，也會污染當(dāng)?shù)氐乃Y源和土壤。煤燃燒之后有害氣體會被釋放，從而污染各種環(huán)境，因此release是最佳答案。
54.c。本題考查上下文語義。題干：但是令人__________ 的是，幾乎沒有人知道他們。前一句講到有專家提示“煤火是全球性的災(zāi)難”，而空格后的意思是“幾乎沒有人意識到這一點(diǎn)”，兩者語義形成了強(qiáng)烈的反差，因此此處應(yīng)該使用surprisingly。
55.C。本題考查語義。題干：產(chǎn)生的熱量不會__________ ，在陽光與氧氣的結(jié)合下，能自動起火并開始燃燒。該句是對上一句的進(jìn)一步解釋，上一句的意思是：煤炭能持續(xù)發(fā)熱，并在有持續(xù)氧氣供應(yīng)的情況下最終自燃。因此，該句中“熱量不會消失”與上文“持續(xù)加熱”語義走向是一致的，故本題選disappear。
56.B。本題考查有指示含義的修飾語。題干：中國__________ 的火勢每年會燃燒掉多達(dá)2億噸煤炭。前文描述的是煤炭自燃所引起的燃燒，該句順承上文的意思，用“這樣的”火勢來承接語義。故本題答案為such。
57.A。本題考查固定搭配。題干：薩切爾說，__________ ，美國經(jīng)濟(jì)每年耗費(fèi)煤的總量為1億噸。__________ 關(guān)于煤炭引發(fā)燃燒可能出現(xiàn)的影響的分析已經(jīng)在《煤炭生態(tài)學(xué)國際期刊》上得以發(fā)布。此處很明顯在對比美國和中國對煤炭消耗的情況，因此用in comparison表示對比。
58.C。本題考查從句引導(dǎo)詞。題干：薩切爾說，相比之下，美國經(jīng)濟(jì)每年耗費(fèi)煤的總量為1億噸。__________ 關(guān)于煤炭引發(fā)的燃燒可能出現(xiàn)的影響的分析已經(jīng)在《煤炭生態(tài)學(xué)國際期刊》上得以發(fā)布。從句中主干是完整的，analysis需要的是定語，加之先行詞為Sthacher，因此可判斷從句講的是“薩切爾的分析”內(nèi)容，證明此處應(yīng)該是能指代Sthacher’s的關(guān)系代詞。只有whose有此功能，故本題答案為C。
59.D。本題考查邏輯關(guān)系。題干：__________ 在地下，炭火可以燃燒幾十年，甚至幾百年。這里需要一個副詞來表示炭火燃燒幾十年甚至上百年的條件，只有once符合這個要求。 unless等于“if…not”，用在本句中邏輯關(guān)系不通順。
60.B。本題考查固定搭配。題干：在這個過程中，這些炭火釋放出大__________ 溫室氣體，有毒的火焰以及黑色的顆粒物質(zhì)進(jìn)入到大氣中。large volumes of的意思是“大量的”，屬于固定搭配。
61.B。本題考查句意。題干：研究組成員討論了這些炭火可能對全球及地區(qū)氣候變化帶來的__________ ，并且都認(rèn)為這些地下火焰的性質(zhì)使得他們很難被__________ 。煤引起的燃燒對氣候變化一定會有很大的影響，這是自第一段開始便在不斷被提及的事情，因此此處填入impact最符合句意。
62.C。本題考查句意。題干：研究組成員討論了這些炭火可能對全球及地區(qū)氣候變化帶來的影響，并且都認(rèn)為這些地下火焰的性質(zhì)使得他們很難被__________ 。鑒于炭火是在地下燃燒，因此很難被“發(fā)現(xiàn)”是正常的語義搭配，detect是最佳答案。
63.A。本題考查句意。題干：最終，遙感技術(shù)和其他技術(shù)可以允許科學(xué)家們__________ 這些燃燒排放了多少二氧化碳。前文講到由于地下燃燒的特性讓探測燃燒變得困難，因此科學(xué)家們利用的技術(shù)也只能是預(yù)估大體的情況，因此用estimate是正確的。
64.B。本題考查句意。題干：來自Goodson公司的Gary Lolaizzi提供了一種阻礙這些燃燒的__________ ，這家公司開發(fā)了一種抗熱材料，這種材料被設(shè)計(jì)用來灌注到煤火中以__________ 氧氣供應(yīng)。專家提供的是解決問題的辦法，只有method符合句子的含義。
65.D。本題考查句意和詞組搭配。題干：來自Goodson公司的Gary Lolaizzi提供了一種阻礙這些燃燒的辦法，這家公司開發(fā)了一種抗熱材料，這種材料被設(shè)計(jì)用來灌注到煤火中以__________ 氧氣供應(yīng)。前文講到地下煤火燃燒的條件之一是有持續(xù)不斷的氧氣供應(yīng)。該句的前半部分提及專家提供了如何滅火的方法，第二個which引導(dǎo)的定語從句則也是在解釋將火撲滅的辦法，即切斷氧氣的供應(yīng)。因此cut off是符合語義要求的。
2013年真題
51.D�？疾樵~匯。題干：禿鷹數(shù)量的急劇__________ 給生活在__________ 地區(qū)的人們帶來破壞。從上下文語境來看，通篇文章都在敘述禿鷹瀕臨滅絕對印度環(huán)境的負(fù)面影響，而且文章的標(biāo)題中的dying vultures也提供了線索。decline符合上下文的意思，意為“禿鷹的數(shù)量在急劇減少”。increase與上下文的意思相反。故D為正確答案。
52.C。考查固定搭配。題干：禿鷹數(shù)量的急劇減少給生活在與鳥__________ 地區(qū)的人們帶來破壞。從上下文語境來看，禿鷹數(shù)量的急劇減少不僅是這些鳥類的災(zāi)難，對當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裢瑯右彩侨绱�，the same as意為“和……一樣”，為固定搭配。故C為正確答案。
53.C�？疾榻樵~。題干：這也給__________ 印度次大陸帶來了公共健康的問題。從上下文語境來看，四個選項(xiàng)中只有across the Indian sub.continent(整個印度次大陸)符合題干，故C為正確答案。
54.B�？疾楦痹~。題干：雖然它們的聲譽(yù)和外觀可能對許多印度人是不愉快的，但是禿鷹__________ 在維護(hù)印度城鎮(zhèn)和鄉(xiāng)村的__________ 方面扮演了非常重要的角色。從上下文語境來看，四個選項(xiàng)代入后，long意為“長期以來一直起作用”，合乎上下文的意思，故B是正確答案。
55.B�？疾樵~匯。題干：雖然禿鷹的名聲不好，許多印度人也討厭其長相，但是長久以來，禿鷹在維護(hù)全印度的城鎮(zhèn)和鄉(xiāng)村的__________ 方面扮演了非常重要的角色。因?yàn)槎d鷹是以死牛為生。四個選項(xiàng)分別代入后，B選項(xiàng)clean(清潔的)符合題干要求，其他選項(xiàng)dangerous意為“危險(xiǎn)的”，smelly意為“有臭味的”，beautiful意為“漂亮的”，均不符合題干要求，故B是正確答案。
56.D�？疾樵~匯。題干：在印度，牛是神圣的動物，因而死后__________ 露尸戶外，任其腐爛。露尸戶外是印度的傳統(tǒng)，所以此處填traditionally“傳統(tǒng)地”。選項(xiàng)immediately意為“立即地”，occasionally意為“偶爾地”，hardly意為“幾乎不”，都不通，因此D為正確選項(xiàng)。
57.B�？疾楣潭ù钆�。題干：禿鷹的消失—__________ 以__________ 動物為生的野狗數(shù)量暴增。表達(dá)的是因果關(guān)系。“the disappearance ofthe vultures”是因，“all explosion in the numbers of wild dogs feeding on the remains ofthese dead animals”是果，四個選項(xiàng)中只有l(wèi)ead to(導(dǎo)致)能表達(dá)這種因果關(guān)系，使題干很通順。因此B為正確選項(xiàng)。
58.A。考查詞匯。題干：禿鷹的消失導(dǎo)致以__________ 動物為生的野狗數(shù)量暴增。從上下文語境來看，應(yīng)該是死的動物，因此A為正確選項(xiàng)。
59.D�？疾闋钫Z從句。題干：這種可怕的疾病最終會影響當(dāng)?shù)氐木用�，__________ 野狗是狂犬病的主要攜帶者。前后是因果關(guān)系，四個選項(xiàng)中只有since(由于，因?yàn)?能表達(dá)這種因果關(guān)系。因此D為正確選項(xiàng)。
60.B�？疾樵~匯。題干：狂犬病也可能傳播到其他生物，__________ 更大的問題。從上下文語境來看，前后為因果關(guān)系，所以B選項(xiàng)causing(導(dǎo)致)為正確答案。
61.C�？疾樵~匯。題干：采取行動的需求是__________ 。從上下文語境來看，空格后提到了“啟動了應(yīng)急項(xiàng)目”，可以推斷要選的形容詞是urgent(緊迫的)，意為“采取行動已刻不容緩”，故C為正確選項(xiàng)。
62.A�？疾樵~匯。題干：科學(xué)家們正試圖__________ 導(dǎo)致禿鷹死亡的疾病，如果可能的話，找到治愈該病的方法。四個選項(xiàng)分別代入后，identify(確定)比較符合語境，故A為正確選項(xiàng)。
63.B�？疾樵~匯。題干：在印度，人們注意到禿鷹的大批__________ 最早是在20世紀(jì)80年代。根據(jù)上下文語境，deaths可使全段的意思連貫，故B為正確選項(xiàng)。
64.D。考查詞匯。題干：根據(jù)當(dāng)時(shí)的物種調(diào)查顯示，三種禿鷹的數(shù)量減少了90%以上。四個選項(xiàng)中只有by有“到(某事物)的程度”的意思。故c為正確選項(xiàng)。
65.C�？疾樵~匯。題干：由于大部分禿鷹每次只產(chǎn)一只蛋，幼鷹__________ 大約5年的時(shí)間才能成熟，因此，若想遏制住禿鷹數(shù)量的下降會是一項(xiàng)長期的、艱巨的任務(wù)。“花費(fèi)或用多少時(shí)間”英語的常用的表達(dá)法是“take…days/months/years”，其他三個選項(xiàng)都不合適，故C為正確選項(xiàng)。
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