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2018年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試助動(dòng)詞用法
協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)的詞叫助動(dòng)詞(Auxiliary Verb),也叫輔助動(dòng)詞。被協(xié)助的動(dòng)詞稱(chēng)作主要?jiǎng)釉~(Main Verb)。助動(dòng)詞用來(lái)構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。 助動(dòng)詞具有語(yǔ)法意義,但沒(méi)有詞匯意義,不可單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。
英語(yǔ)中的助動(dòng)詞有下面這些:
(1)be, am, is, are, was, were, been, being
(2)have, has, had, having
(3)shall, will, should, would
(4)do, does, did
1. 由連系動(dòng)詞am,is,are構(gòu)成的句子
變一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)把a(bǔ)m,is,are提到句子的前面,句尾用問(wèn)號(hào)即可。變否定句時(shí)直接在am,is,are后面加not即可。
2. 由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, may, will ,shall等構(gòu)成的句子
變一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)把 can, may, will ,shall提到句子的前面,句尾用問(wèn)號(hào)即可。變否定句時(shí)直接在can, may,后面加not即可。
3. 由行為動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的句子
需要加助詞do或does. 變一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)把do/does放在句子前面。 變否定句時(shí)把don‘t/doesn’t放在動(dòng)詞的前面。要注意觀察動(dòng)詞的形式并對(duì)號(hào)入座。一般疑問(wèn)句和否定句的動(dòng)詞三單式都要變回原型。
例如:
肯定句: They play football after school. He plays football after school.
一般疑問(wèn)句: Do they play football after school? Does he play football after school?
否定句: They don't (do not) play football after school. He doesn‘t’ play football after school.
畫(huà)線提問(wèn):
對(duì)they/he提問(wèn): Who plays football after school?
對(duì)play football提問(wèn): What do they do after school? What does he do after school?
對(duì)after school提問(wèn): When do they play football? When does he play football?
4. 由have, has構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句子
(1)變一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)把have, has提到句子的前面,句尾用問(wèn)號(hào)即可。變否定句時(shí)直接在have, has后面加not即可。例如: 肯定句:He has read today‘s newspaper. 一般疑問(wèn)句: Has he read today’s newspaper? 否定句: He has not read today‘s newspaper 畫(huà)線提問(wèn): 對(duì)he提問(wèn): Who has read today’s newspaper? 對(duì)today‘s newspaper提問(wèn): What has he did?
(2)had是have和has的過(guò)去式,在構(gòu)成的過(guò)去完成時(shí)句子中,變一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)把had放到句子的前面,句尾用問(wèn)號(hào)即可。變否定句時(shí)直接在had后面加not即可。 (3)若have, has, had沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子中,則當(dāng)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞對(duì)待,請(qǐng)參考實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的用法。
5. 第一人稱(chēng)I,we在變疑問(wèn)句時(shí),應(yīng)變?yōu)榈诙朔Q(chēng)you.
“I am, you /we /they are”這是最簡(jiǎn)單的固定搭配,就不再嘮叨了。
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