2017中考英語閱讀理解的實(shí)用技巧(含習(xí)題)

　　閱讀理解在英語考試中占了很大的分值，考生們?cè)趥淇紩r(shí)掌握一些技巧，能幫助我們提高閱讀分值。下面YJBYS小編搜索整理了關(guān)于中考英語閱讀理解的實(shí)用技巧(含習(xí)題)，歡迎參考學(xué)習(xí)，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助!想了解更多相關(guān)信息請(qǐng)持續(xù)關(guān)注我們應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生培訓(xùn)網(wǎng)!

　　做好中考英語閱讀理解題的實(shí)用技巧

　　1. 保持良好的精神狀態(tài)。良好的精神狀態(tài)對(duì)于考場上的考生來說非常重要。因?yàn)橹挥性谛睦矸潘傻那闆r下，考生的精力才能夠集中，思維才會(huì)敏捷，從而才能將自己的真實(shí)水平發(fā)揮出來。

　　2. 抓住中心句。閱讀短文之前，先看短文是否有標(biāo)題。若有，應(yīng)給予高度重視。因?yàn)闃?biāo)題是文章主題的高度凝聚，它能給我們啟發(fā)和想象，有利于加深對(duì)短文的理解， 從而提高做題效率。另外，在沒有標(biāo)題的情況下，應(yīng)充分重視短文的首、尾句。因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)文章都是按照“總---分---總”的結(jié)構(gòu)布局的。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，英語中有 60%-90%的主題句位于段首和段尾，短文的其他文字往往是對(duì)這些中心句的解釋和說明。

　　3. 克服不良習(xí)慣，提高閱讀速度。由于考試的時(shí)間有限，在保證不出偏差的前提下，一定要盡可能地提高閱讀速度。倘若能注意克服以下不良習(xí)慣，就可以大大提高閱 讀速度：①心讀�？紙錾喜荒艹雎曢喿x，于是有的考生就在心里讀，有時(shí)考生的嘴唇也在動(dòng)。這是非常不好的習(xí)慣，一定要下決心克服。因?yàn)檫@樣做會(huì)直接制約著閱 讀速度的提高;②回視(指重新閱讀上文)。閱讀中的回視是一種無效勞動(dòng)，所以應(yīng)一口氣把文章讀完，盡量不要回視。這壞習(xí)慣是慢慢形成的，不是一朝一夕就能 克服掉的。在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中就應(yīng)當(dāng)引起注意并加以克服;③一個(gè)詞一個(gè)詞地看。閱讀時(shí)，視線應(yīng)從左向右跳躍式移動(dòng)，著重掃描意群，同時(shí)注意意群中的重要單詞， 以尋求主要的語言信息�？蓪⒐谠~、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞及不定式符號(hào)等小品詞一掃而過，不可一詞不漏地全部都看一遍;④只讀不記。正確的做法是：一邊閱讀一邊用 筆記下或標(biāo)出那些與文后所設(shè)問題有關(guān)的信息。這樣，在做題時(shí)就用不著重新查閱短文，至少不用一句一句地再尋找那些隱約有印象的信息，從而可以節(jié)省一些時(shí) 間。

　　4. 判斷要有依據(jù)，推理要順乎作者的意圖。對(duì)于推理性或評(píng)價(jià)性之類的閱讀理解題目，在材料中一般是找不到現(xiàn)成答案的，必須通讀全篇，對(duì)所獲信息加以篩選、提 煉、推斷，對(duì)作者的思想傾向，對(duì)文中提及的人物或事件可能產(chǎn)生的結(jié)局等，加以綜合考慮才能得出正確結(jié)論。對(duì)這種題，不能以偏概全，不能“只見樹木，不見森 林”，不能以個(gè)人的想法代替作者的意圖。

　　5. 遇到生詞時(shí)，一定要沉著、冷靜。中考英語試題中，一般是不會(huì)盲目地出現(xiàn)生詞的，但不排除出現(xiàn)影響答題的生詞，同時(shí)也可能出現(xiàn)猜測生詞的題目，因?yàn)椴聹y詞義 也是閱讀能力的體現(xiàn)，當(dāng)然也在考查范圍之列。遇到這種題目，只要理解了全篇材料的大部分內(nèi)容，弄清了上、下文之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，判斷出它在文中可能存在的含 義是不難的。英語中猜測詞義的方法很多。如：

　　(1)根據(jù)上、下文進(jìn)行猜測。這是最重要，也是最常用的方法。有些生詞可以通過上下文的相關(guān)信息，或根據(jù)同位語，修飾語等猜測詞義。例如：

　　The people who survived the earthquake cried bitterly over the bodies of their relatives.

　　【分析】一般來說，中考“閱讀理解”題中的“詞義猜測”，并不要求考生根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法去分析單詞的詞義，而是要求考生根據(jù)文中的有關(guān)信息對(duì)生詞的詞義進(jìn)行 推斷性的猜測。聯(lián)系上下文，不難看出：這些人的親屬死了，他們?cè)诳�，顯然他們?cè)诘卣鹬小皊urvive”了。這個(gè)詞不就是“幸存”之意嗎?可見，這種詞義 猜測也是建立在對(duì)上下文的正確理解之上的。又如：

　　The pupils assembled in front of the school hall. They came together to listen to the headmaster announce the result of the sports meeting.

　　【分析】下文中的短語came together意思是“聚到一起”，由此可以推斷出學(xué)生們是“聚集到”學(xué)校大廳里聽運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的結(jié)果的。故該詞的意思是“聚集”。

　　(2)利用構(gòu)詞法進(jìn)行猜測。英語的構(gòu)詞法大致可分為派生、轉(zhuǎn)化和合成等。例如：

　　Man differs from most from all the other animals in their ability to learn and use languages.

　　【分析】不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，本句中的生詞differ跟different是同根詞，搭配也是from，其前有man，其后有animals，根據(jù)這些信息可以斷定動(dòng)詞differ此處有“和……不相同”、“與……存在差別”之意。

　　這里要特別強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn)，大部分閱讀題目在設(shè)計(jì)過程中，已充分考慮到了生詞對(duì)答題的影響。對(duì)于那些對(duì)答題無關(guān)緊要的生詞，如人名、地名、產(chǎn)品商標(biāo)名稱或影 視劇目名稱等，一般是不加注漢語的，只要能推斷出那些生詞的類別就可以了，不必弄清其準(zhǔn)確含義。對(duì)于那些一時(shí)難以斷定其意思又不妨礙理解的生詞，大可不必 理會(huì)。

　　另外，熟詞新義也是應(yīng)當(dāng)引起重視的。英語詞語往往具有一詞多義，在不同的場合它所表達(dá)的意思就不一定相同。如果僅僅用它的主要或常用的詞義來理解一篇 文章，就可能產(chǎn)生誤解，或者根本無法了解作者的意圖。如果一時(shí)間想不起該詞的其他含義，可根據(jù)上下文來判斷該詞的詞義。特別是那些關(guān)鍵詞，必須仔細(xì)推敲。

　　●實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練●

　　A

　　Have you ever heard of e-books? E-books are electronic books. They are no larger than an ordinary book, with a screen on which you can read.

　　How does the e-book work?

　　First, you call up websites on your computer and select books that you want. There are thousands of books provided by different websites on the Internet. Then download the books you like on to your e-book. You can download about 10 books at a time. Now you can just sit back and enjoy yourself reading.

　　Compared with ordinary books, e-books have many advantages. First of all, e-books save space. You can put as many as 10 books into a thing no bigger than a pocket radio and then carry it everywhere. You can renew reading materials in your e-book as many times as you like. With the development of e-book technology, probably an e-library will appear. Then you just take your e-books there and download what you want to read. You no longer need to worry about whether your books are over-due or not.

　　根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇可以完成句子的最佳答案。

　　1. E-books are ________.

　　A. electronic books

　　B. no larger than an ordinary book

　　C. very popular in big city

　　D. A, B and C

　　2. First, you ________.

　　A. call up websites on your computer

　　B. read books that you want

　　C. turn on your e-book

　　D. download the books you like

　　3. You can download ________ books at a time.

　　A. two B. ten C. twelve D. twenty

　　4. E-books ________.

　　A. save space B. save money

　　C. look like a pocket radio D. carry it easily

　　5. There must be an ________ in the future.

　　A. e-book B. e-mail C. e-library D. e-house

　　B

　　Eager to open up a space tourism market, a Russian company presented a “space place” model. It would give tourists the chance to spend an hour in space.

　　Anybody who can pay about $100,000 would be able to experience zero gravity. About 100 people have already booked seats to fly on the C-21 plane. The US company helped the first space tourist, Dennis Tito, to secure his flight to the International Space Station. Tito is said to have paid $20 million for the eight-day trip. C-21 would offer tourists a small glimpse of space. The aircraft, carrying a pilot and two passengers, will be positioned on top of a carrier airplane until it is 17,100 metres in the air. Once released from the carrier, the ship’s own rocket will send it to a height of over 96 kilometers for three minutes of weightlessness. Then C-21 will slide back into the atmosphere and land like an ordinary plane. The entire flight will only take about an hour.(from www.zkenglish.com)

　　仔細(xì)閱讀短文，補(bǔ)上每個(gè)句子中所缺的詞，使句意完整，語句連貫。

　　6. A ________ company would give tourists the ________ to spend an hour in space.

　　7. About 100 people are ________ to spend $100,000 for ________ on the C-21 plane.

　　8. Dennis Tito is the first ________ ________. He have paid $20 million for the eight-day trip in space.

　　9. A ________ and two ________ will be positioned on top of a carrier airplane.

　　10. C-21 will ________ back into the atmosphere and ________ like an ordinary plane.

　　C

　　Once a boy who wanted to fly covered his arms with feathers. He used wax to keep the feathers on. But he flew too close to the sun. The wax melted. The feathers came off. Down came the boy!

　　This is just a story. But it tells us that man has always dreamed of flying. In 1783, this dream came true. Two French brothers invented the hot-air balloon. It rose a thousand feet high.

　　It took almost 100 years for men to move from the hot-air balloon to the first airship. It was invented in the late 1900s. It was a powered balloon.

　　In North Carolina of America, less than twenty-five years later, the Wright Brothers flew the first airplane. This first flight, in 1903, lasted less than half a minute. It covered just a few feet.

　　根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇能回答所提問題的最佳答案。

　　11. Why did the boy come down from the sky? Because ________.

　　A. he covered his arms with feathers

　　B. he used wax to keep the feathers on

　　C. he flew too close to the sun

　　D. the wax melted and the feathers came off

　　12. Who invented the hot-air balloon?

　　A. Two French brothers. B. the Wright Brothers.

　　C. Benjamin Franklin. D. Einstein.

　　13.When was the first airship invented?

　　A. In the late 1900s. B. About 100 years ago.

　　C. A and B. D. Many years ago.

　　14. How about the first airplane?

　　A. The Wright Brothers invented the first airplane.

　　B. It flew less than half a minute and a few feet high.

　　C. This first flight was in 1903.

　　D. It was born in North Carolina of America.

　　【答案與解析】

　　1. D。根據(jù)E-books are electronic books. They are no larger than an ordinary book, with a screen on which you can read 可知答案為D。

　　2. A。根據(jù)First, you call up websites on your computer and select books that you want可知答案為A。

　　3. B。根據(jù)You can download about 10 books at a time(你每次大約能下載10本書)就能確定答案。

　　4. A。根據(jù)First of all, e-books save space. You can put as many as 10books into a thing no bigger than a pocket radio and then carry it everywhere(首先，電子書節(jié)省空間，你能放10本書進(jìn)入比口袋收音機(jī)大不多的一件東西里，且可攜帶到任何地方去)可確定答案。

　　5. C。根據(jù)With the development of e-book technology, probably an e-library will appear(隨著電子書技術(shù)的發(fā)展，電子圖書館就會(huì)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生)就能確定答案。

　　6. Russian, chance。根據(jù)Eager to open up a space tourism market, a Russian company presented a “space place” model. It would give tourists the chance to spend an hour in space(人類渴望開發(fā)太空旅游市場, 一家俄羅斯公司提出一項(xiàng)“太空住所” 樣式，將給旅游者提供1小時(shí)在太空瀟灑的機(jī)會(huì))足能敲定要填的詞(from www.zkenglish.com)。

　　7. eager, flying。根據(jù)Anybody who can pay about $100,000 would be able to experience zero gravity. About 100 people have already booked seats to fly on the C-21 plane (任何能負(fù)擔(dān)得起大約10萬美元的人都能體驗(yàn)飛行時(shí)之失重狀態(tài)，約有100人已經(jīng)預(yù)定了飛向太空的C-21 型飛機(jī)的座位)足能敲定要填的詞。

　　8. space tourist。根據(jù)The US company helped the first space tourist, Dennis Tito, to secure his flight to the International Space Station. Tito is said to have paid $20 million for the eight-day trip(美國公司幫助第一位太空旅行者丹尼斯·提托安全飛行到太空站上，據(jù)提托說他付了兩千萬美元旅行了8天)足能敲定要填的詞。

　　9. pilot, passengers。根據(jù)The aircraft, carrying a pilot and two passengers, will be positioned on top of a carrier airplane until it is 17,100 metres in the air(載一個(gè)飛行員和兩名乘客的太空船安放在一架母艦上，一直飛行到17,100米的高度)足能敲定要填的詞。

　　10. slide, land。根據(jù)Then C-21 will slide back into the atmosphere and land like an ordinary plane(然后C-21就滑回到大氣層中，像一架普通飛機(jī)著陸到地面上)足能敲定要填的詞。

　　11. D。根據(jù) Once a boy who wanted to fly covered his arms with feathers. He used wax to keep the feathers on. But he flew too close to the sun. The wax melted. The feathers came off (從前, 一個(gè)胳膊上綁著羽毛的男孩想飛向藍(lán)天。他用蠟把羽毛粘在胳膊上，由于飛得離太陽太近，蠟融化了，羽毛脫落了) 顯然, 選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)B都不是原因，選項(xiàng)C是原因，選項(xiàng)D才是最佳答案。

　　12. A。根據(jù) Two French brothers invented the hot-air balloon(兩個(gè)法國兄弟發(fā)明了熱氣球)就能確定選項(xiàng)。

　　13. C。根據(jù) It took almost 100 years for men to move from the hot-air balloon to the first airship. It was invented in the late 1900s可知答案選C。

　　14. B。根據(jù)This first flight, in 1903, lasted less than half a minute. It covered just a few feet(1903年誕生了第一架飛機(jī)，飛行不到半分鐘，僅飛了幾英尺高)可知答案選B。

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