1“иxҪxȫĆ?”
ETSƬThe Life of An ItemV҂һx헵OӋֹ“__ģe`e`”߀Ҫ_“all the passage is covered by items”xxȫΰÿһx?
2“Wgиɿ?”
иԇxӢZZԜyԇԓעڜyԇW“Z”쿼“Wg֪R”ԓ}ETSаl(f)(jng)F.RobinشfиҲCriterion-Referenced|(zh)@ɱʹÌWgõČWڿԇռЃ(yu)
3PIʲô?
ETSuB.SuomiŮʿ˼Ļشdeveloping your ideaҲLJ@^c(})Mжչ_Ȼǰǵ^c_ӢZ
4ʲôǿԇеy}?
ETSuB.SuomiŮʿJA difficult item requires sophisticated reasoning or understanding of a high level concept, not because it tests obscure or esoteric matter.
5ܲx?
“иxµLȱc}Ŀ(sh)ƥ”@x}ĿOӋԭt“xoUԒ”mETSxԇҪˈDxҪ܉xȫIJ}PϢЩͬWf“Mx꣬Ǵ_xôk?” ETSB.SuomiŮʿĽhȻŬx£keep reading, keep practicing.
6֔(sh)Ҫ?
ETSuJ.Bardشǿ϶x}Ҳܿ錑ǿ鲻productivityֻʹ^}ʽܿWλrg(ni)Įa(chn)@ҲZҪwF(xin)|(zh)֔(sh)ͬҪZͬ
SadekŮʿf֔(sh)ԽeĿԾԽŶ!300DZ^ǡ?sh)һƪ²ڌ˶չ_ՓC}Ŀ(Topic development is the most important issue here.) ͬrеfNo memorized language! ҪģŶ!
7“h۷ֆ”?
ETSŮ醾팣KimfǵhǞ醾ĹƽhĴ}oµϼ醾õijɿпܸڵڻԭгɿXؔһhLUX֔
8ܶͬW˛_ķ^ƫ}y}ό?
Ҫ^(q)eETS}Federic Robin_fIf we intend for an item to be difficult, we make certain that it is difficult because it requires sophisticated reasoning or understanding of a high-level concept, not because it tests obscure or esoteric matter.Ҳf@y}߉s߸(zhn)@ǿԽܵr;@Щy}(ni)ݻޝWҊô@N}һ҂ҪԵIJ
9ɷ(j)^ؼų“O~R”x?
ٷڳ}ĕrѽ(jng)x@Щ~oYxFederekf“Distracters(wrong options) should not include specific determiners(“always”/“never”)”.
10ÿһx}?
x}ĵһxǽ^܃HHMڵһ, һҪŪÿ_x_ԭͬrÿһe`xe`ԭETS}AshmoreV҂}ĕr@ôģᘌÿһ}һҪѴ𰸵ԭضx_
• Articulate why each distracter(wrong option) is wrong
• Consider whether you could defend the key(right option) to an examinee.
11(ji)}DzһҪļ(ji)?Щ߅߅߅ǵļ(ji)ɲܕ?
ETSنTJefffÿһ}ĿOӋĕr}߶ԼDoes the item measure something worth measuring, or is it trivial and unimportant?OӋFЎׂɆTxtĕ@}Ŀڳ}ĕrҲO_xlength, complexity,or diction stand out.
12Z@NsubjectiveĿԇƽ?
1).ÿһZresponseǶһrater(,ETSvf17350raters......)ĵDZSCķֽoͬraters@ӾͿԴpͬһraterɶӰijһ˵ķ֔(sh)MCƽ
2).ZģǴ_е.v˷һοпZdz˜ҲdzǾ܇AԒmڶ}ĿĴ]Ќ|(zh)(ni)ݣıٽo˺ܵ͵ķ֔(sh)
13Zԇе¼?
ٸV҂ஔtest takersڿZԇĕrfI hate ETS.You make my life miserable.I am so mad about you. ж@ӵtest takersrٟoεЦЦfmore than you could expect.
؟վϢԴھW(wng)jD(zhun)ddzڂfϢ֮Ŀζٝͬ^cC(ni)ݵ挍CϢĺԡʴ_ԺҲϢIJʴ_z©µκΓpʧpГ؟W(wng)վϢHͷյĸ(j)ʹñW(wng)Yϰl(f)ƫվŲؓ؟ؓκη؟ΣCKጙ(qun)