一、部分倒裝

　　只把助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞放在主語之前,叫部分倒裝。

　　1.一般疑問句和特殊疑問句用部分倒裝。例如:

　　Do you have any ink?

　　What do you usually do on Sundays?

　　2.否定副詞位于句首,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, rarely, nowhere等,或否定副詞短語位于句首,如in no way, on no account, at no time, in no case, by no means等,句子用部分倒裝。例如:

　　Never in my life have I heard such a thing.

　　Seldom does he come recently.

　　Hardly could she believe her own eyes.

　　At no time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.

　　3.以否定詞not only...but also, no sooner...than, hardly/scarcely...when等開頭的關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu),句子進(jìn)行部分倒裝。例如:

　　Hardly/Scarcely had he got on the bus when he heard a shout.

　　No sooner had I gone to sleep than the telephone rang.

　　Not only did he buy a bike for me but he also sent it to my house.

　　4.在so...that, such...that句型中,如so, such位于句首,前半句倒裝。例如:

　　So busy is he that he has no time to play with his daughter.

　　Such a good person was my teacher that we all admired her.

　　5.only位于句首修飾狀語,則進(jìn)行部分倒裝。例如:

　　Only then did I realize that I was wrong.

　　Only when he is seriously ill does he go to hospital.

　　但當(dāng)only修飾其狀語不位于句首,或位于句首的only用來修飾的不是狀語,而是主語,則不倒裝。例如:

　　Only a doctor can do it.

　　6.so, neither, nor, no more位于句首,表示"也是","也不是",進(jìn)行部分倒裝。例如:

　　Tom is very kind, so am I.

　　He doesn't care much for sweets, nor do I.

　　但當(dāng)so, nor, neither, no more引導(dǎo)的句子主謂不倒裝時(shí),則表示后者對前者說話的肯定和確認(rèn)。例如:

　　Tom is not good at English, neither he is.

　　7.as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),從句用部分倒裝。結(jié)構(gòu)為:

　　名詞(不加冠詞)/形容詞/副詞/動(dòng)詞 as 主語 謂語。例如:

　　Child as he was, he could speak two languages.

　　Tired as she was, she went on cooking.

　　8.在含有were, should, had的虛擬條件句中,可以省略if,而把這三個(gè)詞提前。例如:

　　Had you told me earlier, I could have done better.

　　Should anyone call, tell me in time.

　　Were I you, I would try it again.

　　9.such作表語置于句首時(shí),則部分倒裝。例如:

　　Such is my teacher.

　　Such are the words.

　　10.在某些表示祝愿的句子里。例如:

　　May you be happy!

　　二、全部倒裝

　　把謂語全部放在主語之前,叫全部倒裝。

　　1.There be句型中,用全部倒裝。例如:

　　There was nobody in this school.

　　There is something wrong with the machine.

　　There are different opinions on it.

　　There is a temple on the top of the mountain.

　　2.here, there, now, then, thus, in, up, away等副詞位于句首,謂語動(dòng)詞常用come, go, lie, run等,要用全部倒裝.例如:

　　Here comes the bus!

　　There goes the bell.

　　Then followed three days of heavy rain!

　　注意:如主語是人稱代詞,則只把副詞提前位于句首,主語和謂語的位置不倒裝。例如:

　　Here they come!

　　Away they went.

　　3.如果句子把地點(diǎn)狀語提前,謂語動(dòng)詞為be, sit, come, go, lie, stand等,需要全部倒裝。例如:

　　On the hill stands a temple.

　　Around the corner exist two banks.

　　On every piece of paper was a picture of a horse.

　　4.為了句子平衡或強(qiáng)調(diào),將表語置于句首,也用全部倒裝。例如:

　　Gone are the days when we lived in the countryside.

　　Present at the meeting are my friends from South America.

　　5.直接引語的一部分或全部放在句首,需全部倒裝。例如:

　　"What are you doing?" asked the teacher.

　　但如果主語為代詞或謂語還有其他詞修飾,則不倒裝。例如:

　　"What are you doing?" he asked.

　　"How do you feel these days?" The teacher asked me like my mother.