иxԇһֱ؞صһҪԭtߵDЕrxߵDx@ԒҪʲôߵD?һ
ʲôаߵD?
ȣD߉P(gun)ϵ@Ă~ʲôP(gun)ϵ?ߵD䌍Ҳdžv@ԒĹʲô@ԒĹܟoǾ@ԒwF(xin)߉P(gun)ϵ߉P(gun)ϵҲ҂ƽrfăɾ֮gP(gun)ϵČW(xu)g(sh)Ա_(d)ҕofD߉P(gun)ϵ@Ă~˼䌍һӵ
҂ÎׂӁݾһһп_^becauseôRϾҪߵDڽoһЩ(ni)@rȥץc;while҂֪@ʾЌȵP(gun)ϵôھҵ֮gIJͬ;Ƶl(f)F(xin)gby contrast֪ǰԒԒڲͬȥABкβͬ
Կ@һԒThe Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas thatwere fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas ofsemisubsistence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically. 㿴gһwhereas@ԒЩ㲻J(rn)R~㲻ҪӛĿҵ ǰȵIJͬڴŒx@Ԓ֪֮ǰʲôͬ
ӵĴnjxhhxhڳ(zhn)(jng)^l(f)_(d)ĵط^ʢhҪռ(j)Щ(jng)^ĵط
ٿ@ӣTree roots force their way into cracks in rocks and, in so doing, speed theirsplitting. In contrast, the roots of grasses and other small plants may help to hold loose soilfragments together, thereby helping to prevent erosion by the wind.gЂin contrast@ǰɾԒγˌl(f)F(xin)Xɂ˼෴~һsplittingɢUɢ߀Ђtogether(dng)㿴@cĕr@Ԓx΄(w)䌍ѽ(jng)
ٿ@ԒSome of the proposed mechanisms required a very brief period during which allextinctions suddenly took place; other mechanisms would be more likely to have taken placemore gradually, over an extended period, or at different times on different continents. @Ԓ@(f)sһ̖wF(xin)gP(gun)ϵ@r㿴_^һsome(һЩ)R뵽“һЩ”ô“һЩ”“һЩ”_fıضǃߵą^(q)e
@ԒЩ~J(rn)RmechanismsDzҪӛĿҵǰʲôͬx֮l(f)F(xin)һՓJ(rn)rgҪþһЩһJ(rn)ҪһЩwsuddenlymoregradually(dng)ץ@cǰͬĕr䌍@Ԓx΄(w)
ߵD(yng)ھӸČ}
wׂ}“ߵD”@һԭtҪ}ôʹ?ӸČ}ӸČ}ǿһӃ(ni)ΰҪϢ
ֱӽoһԒՈҳĵϢ@䌍ǺyġQһ˼·@ԒĿĺʲô?
1 [Y(ji)]These plants are termed opportunists because [ԭ]they rely on their seeds’falling into settings where competing plants have been removed by natural processes, such asalong an eroding riverbank, on landslips, or where a tree falls and creates a gap in the forestcanopy.
A. Because [ԭ]their seeds grow in places where competing plants are no longer present, [Y(ji)]dandelions are classified as opportunists.
B. [Y(ji)]Dandelions are called opportunists because [ԭ]they contribute to the naturalprocesses of erosion and the creation of gaps in the forest canopy.
C. The term opportunists apply to plants whose seeds fall in places where they cancompete with the seeds of other plants.
D. The term opportunists apply to plants whose falling seeds are removed by naturalprocesses.
l(f)F(xin)ԭЂbecause֪@Ԓڽضй҂ȥY(ji)@ЩֲﱻQCxߣԭهNӵM(jn)һh(hun)f@h(hun)︂Եֲѽ(jng)Ƴˣ]иԵĭh(hun)׃هԼķNӵM(jn)һ]иԵĭh(hun)@ЩֲﱻQCx
ͬW(xu)such asҪô̎һ҂ЂԭtھӮ(dng)aϢǺҪ;؏(f)Ϣ(yng)ԓDzҪԿsuch asֻҪһcoǰʲô(ni)eӵă(ni)ݣl(f)F(xin)fĶǵطfǽosettingeôͿһ߅
҂ԭDڽP(gun)ϵôĂx_Ĵ𰸱ض߉P(gun)ϵvԒDϺԭһӵl(f)F(xin)ABCDֻABM(jn)һwă(ni)ݣ֪AԭͽY(ji)cԭһ_x
2 [D(zhun)ǰ]Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron,but unfortunately, [D(zhun)ۺ]under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in theregion, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter ayear.
A. Despite the current impressive size of the Ogallala aquifer, the region’s climate keepsthe rates of water addition very small.
B. Although the aquifer has been adding water at the rate of only half a centimeter a year,it will eventually accumulate enough water of fill Lake Huron.
C. Because of the region’s present climatic conditions, water is being added each year to theaquifer.
D. Even when the region experiences unfortunate climatic conditions, the rates ofaddition of water continue to increase.
@}Ŀԭһbut unfortunatelyf@ԒǰһD(zhun)ôĵxǰʾIJͬ
D(zhun)ǰaquiferˮ߀ˮM݂mȻ҂֪݂жߵDfˮܶ
D(zhun)ۺ@ɺėlaʺСAmounting tooaʵĔ(sh)؏(f)(ni)ݲҪ
_D(zhun)ǰfˮD(zhun)ۺfaСȻ҂Ăx_һ߉P(gun)ϵı_(d)ǸButͬһAdespiteʾD(zhun)ۡ;Balthough;CЂԭě]д;DevenʾĂx҂(yu)ȿ]ABD@x헡
м(x)Axdespiteă(ni)ݱʾˮԭD(zhun)ǰͬ;̖ă(ni)ݱʾaСԭD(zhun)ۺͬA_x헡
3 Numerous insects occupy the marsh, feeding on living or dead cordgrass tissue, andredwing blackbirds, sparrows, rodents, rabbits, and deer feed directly on the cordgrass.
A. Insects feed only on dead cordgrass, while most other marsh inhabitants feed on livecordgrass.
B. The marsh is a good habitat for insects, but a relatively poor one for birds and animals.
C. Although cordgrass provides food for birds and animals, it gives insects both food and aplace to live.
D.Cordgrass provides food for numerous insects, birds, and other animals.
@}ĿһandʾеP(gun)ϵô҂Ҫ]ǰͲкɲֵă(ni)ݡеă(ni)҂ȡͬ̎ԭ˼andǰfܶxռ(j)ӝɵ@ӵһNֲandf@ЩBȥ@Nֲɲֲһ
ĂxAxЂwhileʾȣ߉P(gun)ϵ;BЂbutʾD(zhun)߉P(gun)ϵ;CЂalthoughʾ߉P(gun)ϵ߉P(gun)ϵΨһ^ԭľDxwDx˼@NֲoxBĄṩʳ
м(x)xl(f)F(xin)Cx䌍fҲеM@NֲoBṩʳoxṩʳṩסĵطƺ@Ԓ܉ʾԭĵ˼ǴҲҪӛmȻgZxcԭ࣬vԒ߉D;ӱʾĹͬԭě]κεD(zhun)^@һNȡʾͬ߉P(gun)ϵ_(d)Ͳܿ]althoughҪע(ni)f࣬vԒ߉P(gun)ϵD҂Ȼ]@}ĴxDx
@}ҽBߵDھӸČô(yng)䌍f˾ҪvһԒDʲôD@Щ߉P(gun)ϵwF(xin)
߉P(gun)ϵ
@ҽhӛ߉һ͗lY(ji)һ𣬼@߉P(gun)ϵQ
ڶD(zhun)^@ұ^ܮ(dng)б^韩DZ^eܵÿܵø졣@D(zhun)Ըijɱ^ܵñ졣
Dzȡlike A and BʾABefҴandҴԸijҴandȺͲҲһ]
]@߉P(gun)ϵͿԿ]^^Z~wF(xin)߉P(gun)ϵ
@߉P(gun)ϵ̽oϣӸČ}rͨ^@ӵ߉P(gun)ϵДĂx헵ă(yu)ȼ
ߵD(yng)Ŀ}
҂ٿĿ}
Paragraph 3: … However, as the storm cloud develops, the ground beneath the cloudbecomes positively charged and lightning can take place in the form of an electrical dischargebetween the negative charge of the cloud and the positively charged ground. Lightning thatstrikes the ground is the most likely to be destructive, so [even though it represents only 20percent of all lightning, it has received a lot of scientific attention].
The author remarks that “Lightning that strikes the ground is the most likely to bedestructive” in order to explain why
this form of lightning has been investigated so much
this form of lightning is not as common as lightning within a cloud
scientific understanding of this form of lightning is important
the buildup of positive charge on the ground beneath a storm cloud can have seriousconsequences
Ŀ}ֱӿvԒDһN}Ŀ@}Ŀߞʲôv(bio)IJă(ni)fеWƉԵ@Ԓǰߞʲôv@ԒϢcϢ֮gP(gun)ϵ@r(yng)ԓǰĿ߀Ǒ(yng)ԓĿ?䌍ǰҪߵ߉ָ
@ԒЂsoôsoǰԭǽY(ji)vԭĿĮ(dng)ȻǽጽY(ji)҂Y(ji)ă(ni)ݣ@}Ŀ]ô߀Ђeven though҂֪soDzB~even thoughǏČB~(dng)B~͏ČB~ͬrھгF(xin)ĕrB~(yu)Ծso@_soȫǽY(ji)
@Y(ji)һY(ji)(gu)even though A, B˼ǼʹABcBAsoĽY(ji)(yng)ԓֱ^even thoughit has received…@NWܵ^ĿƌW(xu)P(gun)ע@ԒͬxČA@NʽW늱{(dio)оࡣ
ھӸČ}ߵD?߀Ҫͨ^@ЩwF(xin)߉P(gun)ϵı_(d)@ҰoĿ}֞ɷNßoؓ(f)
“o”“o”
o
(֧)
e
for example/instance…
because/unless…
like, just as…
ؓ(f)
F(xin)D(zhun)ۻ̎
in/by contrast…
}ĿҊe@ؓ(f)зôДe߀?DŽڵľЛ]wF(xin)D߉~for exampleforinstancelikeincludesuch as@Щ~fe
Դ}^ҪP(gun)ע@ЩwF(xin)D߉P(gun)ϵ~
ߵD(yng)ھӲ}
Ӳ}ǿcP(gun)ϵ}Ŀ֮gBӳҊľ헣ָBԸ~Ӵ^IJB~FANBOYS(for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)Լ^ccǰǿҊһDzҊ@ҪBBԵĸ~
g߉P(gun)ϵՓCP(gun)ϵ
~
fM(jn)
Besides, In addition, in fact, indeed, also…
D(zhun)
however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, instead…
thus, hence, therefore, consequently, accordingly…
Ŀ
to doʽZZ
That is (to say)…, In other words…, To put it in another way…
e
for example/instance
gBԸ~@Щ߉P(gun)ϵУ҂һҽ(jng)ewF(xin)fM(jn)߉P(gun)ϵ~M(jn)f@ӸČ}@ԒԭԭĂոijһ̎ȰóŻȥ
Paragraph 1: The city of Teotihuacán, which lay about 50 kilometers northeast of modern-day Mexico City, began its growth by 200-100 B.C. At its height, between about A.D. 150 and700, it probably had a population of more than 125,000 people and covered at least 20 squarekilometers. A. It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number ofindustrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices, and aregular grid pattern of streets and buildings. B. Clearly, much planning and central controlwere involved in the expansion and ordering of this great metropolis. C. Moreover, the cityhad economic and perhaps religious contacts with most parts of Mesoamerica (modern CentralAmerica and Mexico). D.
————————————————————————————————
In fact, artifacts and pottery from Teotihuacán have been discovered in sites as far away asthe Mayan lowlands, the Guatemalan highlands, northern Mexico, and the Gulf Coast of Mexico.
҂Ҫ]ʲôطܰуɾԒ֮g(lin)ϵһ(dng)㿴in factĕrҁc֮gʲô߉P(gun)ϵ?Ӣin factǰ䌍DzfM(jn)P(gun)ϵ҂“”ǰD(zhun)иxin factĵط䌍һfM(jn)P(gun)ϵ
Ҳǰɾ˼ȡͬJ(rn)in factǰһl(f)F(xin)ҲҲ@IJ_ЦTPO҂ҵ67}in fact_^ľӲ}_˾gP(gun)ϵ҂M(jn)һ@Ԓwă(ni)fρTeotihuacánˇƷ܉ںh(yun)ĵطl(f)F(xin)Ȼǵcex҂еă(ni)ͬԺ̎h(yun)ĵط
@Щˇg(sh)Ʒ܉ڄeĵطl(f)F(xin)ζʲô?ζeĵط(yng)ԓ(lin)ϵô҂һһДÿǰЛ]ᵽeĵط(lin)ϵġ
xl(f)F(xin)ABCxǰ涼]veĵط(lin)ϵٿDxf@лSкĽ(jng)ڽ̵(lin)ϵ@ųF(xin)(lin)ϵΨһ܉ǰƥľDxǰf@طeطڽ̺ͽ(jng)(lin)ϵ֮e֧šƷ܉ڄeĵطl(f)F(xin)fȻ(lin)ϵin fact֧ǰ^c
ڿ]c֮gP(gun)ϵĕrһҪȥע@Щʾg߉P(gun)ϵ~@ЩwF(xin)vԒD
ߵD(yng)Ɣ}
҂Ɣ}
иxЌ߉P(gun)ϵD_(d)yľƔ}֪Ɣ}(jng)һxOG@ôһԒ“……ЏҰʾ]_f”
{(dio)аʾ˼fȻҪصԭҲf}EϢ}һµҪȥԭĽoϢДfЛ]_f@ǸϢ}ą^(q)eЛ]ظf
҂?ni)ճкܶ@ӵӣ“ǰںݵĕr߀U”䌍@Ԓ[˼Ҳǰ
߀ ^һTEDvŮef“҂ŮҪϴֵ҂Ů깫܇Ҫϴֵģ҂ŮcnƱҪϴֵ……֮҂Ů˸ʲôҪϴ” ֮ʲô?һֱf˲ϴһӡ
l(f)F(xin)@Щ҂?ni)ճкܶvԒӶ]аԒv҂ fʲô˼иx@ӵƔȱȽҽoҵĽhиx(dng)еƔ࣬ǻڇ(yn)Дڇ(yn)߉Д࣬жDߌDД࣬䌍ֻһ˼҂}Ŀ
Paragraph 5: Even the kind of stability defined as simple lack of change is not alwaysassociated with maximum diversity. At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is oftenfound in mid-successional stages, not in the climax community. Once a redwood forestmatures, for example, the kinds of species and the number of individuals growing on the forestfloor are reduced. In general, diversity, by itself, does not ensure stability. Mathematicalmodels of ecosystems likewise suggest that diversity does not guarantee ecosystemstability—just the opposite, in fact.
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 5 about redwood forests?
They become less stable as they mature.
They support many species when they reach climax.
They are found in temperate zones.
They have reduced diversity during mid-successional stages.
@}ĿǂƔ}infer}Ŀredwood foreststľɭpλl(f)F(xin)ǾԒڵľӱʾһӣfһtľɭֳôLڼtľɭֵײNN͔(sh)pˡ
Ҫעʲô}Ŀxһ^ܹȥx@@҂Ͳמʲôv@ԒҪصǰ^cȥ@Ӂfʲô
ǰ^c҂һBxfڜ؎^(q)ԲF(xin)Ⱥ߷ĕrȺl(f)չgAһԒftľɭ֮(dng)ĕr(sh)Np@䌍Ǻܺõһƥ𰸴ҕpxC
@l(f)F(xin)䌍\һܳҊՓՓʲôՓ?ɴǰСǰƳһY(ji)Փ
e
ǰͬW(xu)W(xu)(x)J(rn)
СǰС
Y(ji)ՓСW(xu)(x)J(rn)
ȻQɣ
ǰͬW(xu)W(xu)(x)J(rn)
СǰСW(xu)(x)J(rn)
Y(ji)ՓС
䌍l(f)F(xin)ܵó@Y(ji)ՓİҲJ(rn)҂ٻǂƔ}ǰvڜ؎^(q)@ôһҎ(gu)Ȼftľɭַ@ӵһҎ(gu)ɣܲܵótľɭ־һǜ؎^(q)?@Ǵ߉e`_߀xC
҂Y(ji)иx(yn)߉ڿvԒDиGREGMATLJ(yn)߉ԇиһNZԿԇZԽHеvԒD
vһ؎^(q)Ҏ(gu)ɣeӱǜ؎^(q)eһᎧ^(q)ʲôx?@ǵһfƔ}УҪߵDߵD߉Ҫ
By the 1850’s and 1860’s, there was a great distrust among writers and intellectuals of therapid industrialization of which the railroad was a leading force. Deeply philosophicalhistorians such as Henry Adams lamented the role that the new frenzy for business was playingin eroding traditional values. A distrust of industry and business continued among writersthroughout the rest of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth.
The word lamented is closest in meaning to
complained about
analyzed
explained
reflected on
ٿһ~R}Ɣ}Ɣ˼·sǵ̎ʹõ@~l(wi)amentedҲDŽ~҂ڵľf@ЩvʷW(xu)eһ@ôһڵһԒf@ȺW(xu)߳һB(ti)——(distrust)һȺ˶ôe@˵đB(ti)ҲDz@~˼(yng)ԓƫؓ(f)
ABCDADZԹBǷCǽDǷ˼˼Ψһƫؓ(f)xA҂xA@}fһһȺwһw@wݱǷ(yng)ȺwĿw@ӵ˼·䌍\õ̎}ĕrԼP(gun)ע
[Sediment above and below the gypsum layer] contained tiny marine fossils, indicatingopen-ocean conditions.
_____________________________________________
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3 about the solid gypsum layer?
It did not contain any marine fossil.
It had formed in open-ocean conditions.
It had once been soft, deep-sea mud.
It contained sediment from nearby deserts.
@Ɣ}ԭҽo˴һԒǣP(gun)gypsum layer@ʯƔʲôԭfʯsediment˺ʯζγںh(hun)ٿlʯlγںh(hun)Z(yng)ԓsediment
҂֪кʯкʯggypsum layer]нo㽻}ĿP(gun)gypsum layer֪ʲô?
@rͲ܇(yn)߉Д࣬l(f)F(xin)ҪvԒDУʾg]@}҂ֻxAxB
Y(ji)һmȻиx10}ͣxиcDZ߉һӵoǾǿڲͬZԌӴwF(xin)Ӣ@NZԵĪر_(d)ʽҲ@Щ߉P(gun)ϵ~
҂phrase_ʼclausesentenceһֱparagraphpassagel(f)F(xin)ͬĽY(ji)(gu)Ӵɲͬ~wF(xin)߉P(gun)ϵPhraseɽ~clause^Z~sentenceB~paragraphBԵĸ~wF(xin)
ͬ};͏IJͬČӴӲ}paragraph@Ӵc֮gP(gun)ϵӸČ}sentence(ni)߉P(gun)ϵԴ@Щ}P(gun)IҪӢı_(d)߉P(gun)ϵ
ϱV㲻ǽ~^Z~B~߀Bm(x)Ը~ڲͬӴwF(xin)߉P(gun)ϵ@Щ~䌍ԱʾͬһN߉P(gun)ϵԱʾʾʾfM(jn)@oһҪĽhиxҪȰvԒDvԒD@Щ߉P(gun)ϵ~wF(xin)
OGϸ҂fĺW(xu)ƵıՓ֪RӢZ@ZԱôӢZZԱʲôԿ?Ӣ@תصıʾ߉P(gun)ϵķʽϣ܉}^P(gun)ע@ӵԭt
Ͼиxԭt֮“D”ϣףһ!