и~R
и~R1
иx߷~R
һиxһN}Ŀ~R}~R}@ӵһN}JR@~Ϳ϶ܺܿ㲻JR@~ǽ(jng)^ӌƔM˺ܶrg߀õe`ĽYfQ~R}JR@~ô~R}иxожҪ?ռ25%ϵıOGfÿƪx}3-6~}(ÿƪиxֻ13}ѽ)Ҋ~R}Ҫ--ֻҪ~R}QpиxеһK֔(sh)߀}(ji)ʡˌFĕrgиx~R}п~Rʲôy?6~RҲyһЩԞ˱UҊ~ˮƽҪ_6@ӾͿxІ~}ķ֔(sh)ÝM
ڶxٶȵĆ}ЇиxһϵKڕrgãxµٶ̫fJR~ܿxf~̫СxٶȱȻۿ!
и~RҪI(y)ƫ
һиx~RƫڌI(y)|(zh)ԭ@ӣиԇǞ˿ӢZˮƽܷCڴWWI(y)֪R˿ă(ni)ƫ،WgķxҲĴWnĺ׃(ni)xȡڱ~ĕrڌWg~Roһ̶ȵҕǺ
ڶиxČI(y)~Ry@cҲǺȻиһTӢZˮƽԇֲnjI(y)ԇy^ČI(y)~Rxд_F(xin)ǿ.(ni)˼Ժز³
eӣIt should be obvious that cetaceans--whales, porpoises, and dolphins--are mammals@OGx}еһԭ䡣@Ԓеcetaceanһ^I(y)o豳Ć~ֻҪJRwhalesdolphinsmammals֪cetaceanˮ()Dz@ஔ֪cetacean˼Ҫӛmammalwhaledolphin@N^õČI(y)~Rcetacean@NƧͣѾڱ@NDĆ~Ǻֵܲõ
и~R2
~ֻӛι˲dzɹӛס~?
һr C
ӛи~ҪvrCҪxƽoXos@NѕrCӛR˯ǰ(ji)յrgҪӛҲҪoԭt
ӛıCenjЩxֿڼLĆ~Ҫųηyw
~ӛܶ࣬T磺wӛDӛYxӛӛ^ӛѭh(hun)ӛӛҎ(gu)ӛEӛӛVӛȤζӛƬӛsӛȵһҪҵmԼһɷNӛҊ˼w
ġĿ
ĿĵӛסĆ~hȟowĿӛסĆ~zʵ͡c̽ӑij}rЎׂPI~һӛס
^
ӛ~rҪρäĿƴӛÎ犕rgм^ԓ~ĽYҳc@ϿƺMrgHόӛ~Ў
ӛ֮ĸκMƌW.~ӛԶηӛA
@ȻXJrtgrӛ~ЧҪú̼ܶķܶʹdӵ¶Чش̼X
̌Wֱ^̌W٬F(xin)w˷ȫ~ӛ
(lin)
(lin)چ~ӛ@ǺoɆ
ʮr g
XǺƣڵи~RӛĕrgWÿһСrԃ(ni)ЌWgСһ㲻Ҫ^40
и~R3
ôиx~R}иxожҪռ25%ϵıOGfÿƪx}36~}ÿƪиxֻ13}ѽҊ~R}ҪԡֻҪ~R}QˣpиxеһK֔(sh)߀}(ji)ʡˌFĕrg
иx~R}п~Rʲôy6~RҲyһЩԞ˱UҊ~ˮƽҪ_6@ӾͿxІ~}'֔(sh)ÝM
Їиx俼һϵKڕrgãxµٶ̫fJR~ܿxf~̫СxٶȱȻۿиx~R}ՌxٶҲǷdz
и~R4
һҕxиԇ˼ԇһʽӢZŽ(jng)^ƽrӰѬҲһЩx^ҊϵϵK纆εwheel@~İl(f)һwh҂l(f)[w]Ӣаl(f)[hw]rԺεwhatwhywhite~xl(f)׃ҪJRnjxfӛסl(f)Ҏ(gu)t]PIҪW`҂ڿ~ĕr뵽mõʲôҎ(gu)t@}rԱT Nl(f)TǿҎ(gu)tȥ
˿~xȻҪҕ@HPϵ~⣬߀Ӱ푵ԼĿ^_͕h~rԓM ʽϤ~Rγ XHHҕXϵУ@ӵԒ ~rͲҪȥ~ΠĶُķgĽǶȥֱӵˣ@ڃ(ni)ݷиԇfǷdzҪ
һ~Rdz࣬ʽҲ^ܶϵȫ棬I˺ܶs]κһ@oһNMĸе~R߀Ǹ(j)WZx~R(ni)ݿoģֻҪXmԼľظLܰһJ桰ԇbbI˺ܶs]J挦κһ߀粻I
ҕƴmȻ ԇ~]ҪҲ˺ҕƴһ挑Ҫƴһ ԇҪPӛ~Ϥ͟oٌЧϢѕrgM˼~ϣߌŰl(f)F(xin)Լֻܶˆ~IJ벻ʲô@ӵĹPӛͰ
⣬ӛ~ƴĕr߀ҪYx(j)(ji)ӛ~ц~ֳһСһС@ӲHʹӛι߀˽ĸͬMϵ'l(f)Tԇr~ͿԸ(j)xӛˆ~ĻΠ}ĿF(xin)ĕrҵϢ
ҕZи ԇн(jng)F(xin)һЩҊZٵZӰ푴ҵ˿ƽr˱ĸlW~R߀Zķe@Щ~Ӱ푿
塢Č`зeۆμ~RȫQ~}~ڲͬZкx׃xҲЏкз} 迴ҕӰr Л](jng)W^^Ć~мJһԼČ(zhn)(jng)еĆ~Ҫe^sČI(y)~Rһ@Щ~F(xin)rжxͬx~x~гF(xin)ʽVҺxЕrҲӰw⡣}rPעһǷ@Nra(chn)e۽Q~xĽ(jng)
и~R5
и~Rdzɹ俼иԇA]ˆ~@A ZxoMӢZČWУи~Rǽ^ɺԵҪ֮
ʂ俼ии~RҪ7000-8000Ҫϵ~R˸XxµyȺyȲҪdz}ʽͬ⌦xٶҲһҪиF(xin)Ҫ Z͌жкܶ (ni)
yһ㣬Ҫƪlecture 漰I(y)~R^yһЩcʂ䣬 ^ӛPӛҲǺҪ`fZԼȥQ^낀WԞZԓɆ}ĕr߀ǺܳҪԭǿZҪں̵ܶĕrgCϿĺ IJσ(ni)M^ЗlĻش@ܿZԽM͑hҪc_ʼ
һƪСҲҪxҪ ڶƪǏ}һһӳcʂOKfиĿԇL҂߀пӢZܴһҪȥģܛ}һ²֪ԼҪЩlongmankaplan߀barrone
иԇ~ôk
ҪW¡ЕrҵӢώS҂xrȻ@ĵƽr}rҪҊJRĆ~ͷֵԼĆ~~JRõ呟CеPIǻڵ~ֻҪľZ~ДǰHҲ͉и¶ǽY֔ͻÿһԒ@oՓľ߀Z϶y(tng)һġ@ʹ҂ײ
ڶʾZ~һf^Ҫľӣˏ{(dio)һЩ¶DZ~somewhat,quite,pretty,etc.ҪW@Щ~wĦߵDĶõİס@Ĵ}rdzЎfǣxһڃ(ni)σcȡ֮̎Zȵȱ^Ė|ֻھһ쾚̶ȵr²ſ\硣ҽhrgxһЩķĶģԼ@µĸX_ʼ}ԺץסһЙCȥ呟ԼyXڿБ׃֮yһҊ~ץϹӰԺİl(f)]
и~R6
һһҪÿζر
ԼȄeԱ~e֮һԼQȄeȻeÿ챳ʮ~ԼsԱһق֮һ߀ʣʮDŽeB(ti)µʮÿһق䌍l(f)F(xin)@ҪһºȻȻؾͱٻ ~䌣I(y)~ӛ~~ڸиI(y)ͨtҪӛӛӛסP~M
ڶ͆~Ҋ
һ~ܲӛסȡQںڲͬҊlÿοĕrgL̡һӛסһ~ÿҪڲͬҊĴ档ǷһҊ鶼ǟo^PIиͬ͵ҊC^(j)ҪĆ~ĵȼͬҊCķʽҲͬǧǧ@ȼ磺ӢZؿ~3500ǷdzõĆ~?gu)˱_˼Ҫһ~Rÿƪаٷ֮ʮ@Щ~R@Щ~Z(Q~)ǷָСoٷָ֮gҲ]ʲô֮̎Ė|@Щ~÷MдgĿ @܉õĻA~Rεӛס
!
ǧһf@ȼʣµİٷ֮ʮ^@ȼ~Ҫ ӿă(ni)ݡͬҪ־xͷxɷN һҲǷxҪһЩxҪ̫LĿҿ~Ҫ̫࣬һƪЃJRľǧfҪһρͿӢZs־Сf~^Щ|yҿҲ~]ʲôMxҲҪֻҪrgһֱȥ@һɞһ~Rţ
}Ŀб~
ܶǞ˱~~䌍õ`}Ŀ~Rӛƥtpoܛx~߅}߅ӛ~R@ЩǸl~Retsl~RԺԇҲ(jng)Ҋ@NҲ
~ӢZWֻ֮Г˴ӢZ~R쾚ӢZ fxȻ~^ǺܿζֻиDŬܵõ˵ijɿ
и~R7
apprehension n. ;
apprehensive adj. ֵ֑n]ģĵ
approach n. ; vt. ӽ;̽ӑ
appropriate adj. m?sh)ǡ(sh)?vt. ܿ
approve vt. ;vi. ٝͬ
approval n. ٝʽ
approximate v. ӽ;adj. sӋ
apt adj. ()ڵЃAڵ;ǡ?sh)Nе
aptitude n. ;ȻA
aquatic adj. ˮ`ˮˮлˮϵ
aquarium n. ˮ^
arable adj. mڸɸ
arbitrary adj. MƵģ
arbitrator n. ٲ
arbitration n. {(dio)ͣٲ
arboreal adj. 䗫;;ľ
archaic adj. Ŵϵfģ^r
archetype adj. ԭ
и~R8
ƄиPIźܶ˶@ӵɻǼɞ߀nj?䌍иҪ100ȻҪҪ뿼100߀ҪһɵġҲҪäĿĻȡø߷ֵĻ~R.UȞҪģoՓ xZ߀njx_~R
Ҷf~ⲻ֪ⱳDzܿXӛ͕ʧMZfٰʽچ~ӛҲһӵֻв؏ͻ룬҂~RrgxҲǺv˯ǰһСrDZ~Srg(j)ƌWоf˵ӛ˯Ԅ(yu)̎ľǾx˯Ƕӛ@rgӛeЧʡڵڶ峿ُһ
چ~xhͬWʹÁy@ӱ^a(chn)ƣڣMʹ~Ķ^ĸl~RՓZƣعʶ֪£@ӛ҂ӛҲ֮صľLjԳˡ־¾ǁŲ׃ֻҪܰӋԳʩÿУŬ^һի@
и~R9
l(f)Ҫ
ҪJRnjxfӛסl(f)Ҏ(gu)t]PIҪW`҂ڿ~ĕr뵽mõʲôҎ(gu)t@}rԱT Nl(f)TǿҎ(gu)tȥ
˿и ~RxȻҪҕ@HPϵ~⣬߀Ӱ푵ԼĿ^_͕~rԓM ʽϤ~Rγ X`HHҕXϵ@ӵԒ ~rͲҪȥ~ΠĶُķgĽǶȥֱӵ@ڃ(ni)ݷиԇfǷdzҪ
ƴҪ
mȻи ԇ~]ҪҲ˺ҕƴһ挑Ҫƴһ ԇҪPӛ~Ϥ͟oٌЧϢѕrgM˼~ߌŰl(f)F(xin)Լֻܶˆ~IJ벻ʲô@ӵĹPӛͰ
ӛ~ƴĕr߀ҪYx(j)(ji)ӛ~ц~ֳһСһС@ӲHʹӛ̣ι߀˽ĸͬMϵİl(f)Tԇr~ͿԸ(j)xӛˆ~ĻΠ}ĿF(xin)ĕrҵϢ
и~R10
ȣи~R˼~Rи~RÁGMAT~R^Ҳи~Rȥ˼͛]І}
˼~Rи~RҲкܶĽߵĽžӢZ~Rиƫ˼ƫ((jng)ɽֲʯʲô)(ʲôvʷ¼ʲôWƷ)߀ЌWg((jng)У@'D^̄̎ʲô)
Ҫ˼ԒòҪи~Rʂи˼~R^(q)eķ棬һDzҪôܶ~Rò˼ĺܶ~RиҲw˼и~R]ôyͨМʂһ¾Ͳˡ
ϾС˼~Rи~Rʲô^(q)e@}PĽϣ@Щ܉߀ڼmYǿ˼߀иͬWw˼ҪиЩǶ߶ҪͶrgȥףԸ㿼ԇ܉ͨ^
и~R11
abandonn. ;vt. z;ŗ
accumulatevt. evi. ۷e;e
adverseadj. ;෴;(~adverseness~adversely)
amazingadj. @ v. ʹ@(amazeingʽ)
approvevi. ;ٝ;Mvt. ;ٝ;顭ṩC(j)
assemblevt. ۼ;b;ռvi. ϣۼ
avidadj. ؝;ĵ
bartern.Q(mo);サQ; vt. ԡ齻Q; vi. M؛Q(mo);ӑr߀r
biographyn. ӛ;n;˺
bouldern. ʯAʯ;[
bulbn. 늟;[o;vi. o;Û
canv. _aux. ,n. ^,_
casualtyn. ¹;ˆT;\
chancen. C;\e;vt. żȻl(f);ðUvi. ;żȻl(f)F(xin)
civilianadj. õ;յģƽ.n. ƽ
conceivevt. ;˼;Ԟ;vi. ;O;]
consecutiveadj. B؞;Bm(x)
conventionn. ;T;s;f(xi);
crabn. зƢ;ؙCvt. Թ;Ɖ;ʹƫvi. з;l(f)};Թ
curriculumn.n
defendv.l(wi)(ҵ);أoʹ
detectv.l(f)Xl(f)F(xin)z
disciplinen. W;o;Ӗ;Pvt. ӖӖ;ͽ
divertvt. D;ʹg;ʹDvi. D
dynamicadj. ӑB(ti);;W;лn. ӑB(ti);
emanatevt. 䣬l(f)ɢvi. l(f);ɢl(f);l(f)Դ
и~R12
1. ˣWg͵иxF(xin)ľǸNƌWisterYβӶ
磺anthropologistarchaeologistpaleontologistzoologistgeographerastronomer
(WңŌWWңWWңČW)
@~RҟoӛסƴֻҪxгF(xin)ԱJ挦δ֪Č~rҪДǂWźMһ
2. |(zh)ò@иxWgбغܴhҌ~RMзe
磺volcanolayerconglomeratekarstporouspermeablemeteoroliteasteroid
ɽ()[r˹صò(ʯ?gu)rһN)(cˮ)ɝBEʯС
3. cB(ti)c͵PԒ}иxhČ
磺unpredictablevaryrange fromextinctionendangeredtropicaljungleequatorial
Ayģ׃(~)׃(~)^lΣᎧ
4. vʷ@}Ƿˮ݆DČҲҪעǚvʷµĿdžμvǏĸкܶ.F(xin)ʽǹwǾvʷQ(mo)ͽͨ\ݔ?sh)İl(f)չǾǽ(jng)ʷȵ
relicsremainsmausoleumhandicraftcohesivenessterritorialcivilization
zEzEĹֹˇƷI
5. PI~@~ܲ@ǕӵĺxҪעČһЩзǰY~ǿ϶xһЩȫ]з~Yĸ~sĚ!
磺rarelymerelyundeniable
и~R13
һ.~
иZԇе~ڿԇʮҪ~ھпÁZeZZȵҾӵҪxͨ^~wF(xin)ܶrٲ˽ı_ԭǣ~ķeޣǡ?sh)ʹ~R_Լ挍˼Խhڂ俼ĕreһЩиZԇгõһЩ~Raccountadditionadvertisementȵ]xиZ~һق
.~
~x~ϵ~~B(ti)~ȿÁʾZĠB(ti)ҲÁʾZ^m(x)ֵһNrߑB(ti)ȣЩ~߀Á_ĸʴ_ʹÄ~_Ե.Ŀġܶ~mȻ_˼dz̶ȅsȫͬԿڿԇһҪǡ?sh)ʹ~RcиZԇгõĄ~鿴~
.~
~ҪÁ茑~ߴ~ʾ˻|(zh)B(ti)ԣ~ZZaZߠZͨҪ~֮ǰҶ(sh)~б^ȼʹݵĕrҪ쾚~ı^׃Ҏ(gu)tеݵı^@~֮er@~֮estҪע@һcc˳õиZ~鿴~
.~
ӢZеĴ~Է֞˷Q~Iheȵ~~ָʾ~Ɇ~whowhomȵZeZZZҲÁZľeZľͱZľǿиZԇн(jng)ʹô~`^(q)ܶڿԇĕrҕ~lDQǴ~ڡԄeϲcָһڡ(sh)δcָһ£ǡˆ}ȵȶ³F(xin)e`ԿһҪע~ʹ
иZԇҪʹô~RƽrһҪעeۣ}Mо!
и~R14
ڳиĂ俼AźܶͬWоھW(wng)ռһЩ俼YϺиԇļɡͬr@^҂ҲǶܶĂ俼ɺͿԇC(jng)Ȼиԇ^@Щ(ni)DZزٵģ҂߀ҪѴҪԼи俼A~RҪһh(hun)(ji)и~Rĭh(hun)(ji)҂߀עܶ༚(ji)Ҫcģ҂́һPעһ~RиԇжҪ
иԇ~RںܶиԇČWfҿDZ^ϲgһЩ߷ֿĂ俼(jng)J@ӿǕoԼٵ.俼(jng)@ֵѴҵľoՓӵļ~RAҪĭh(hun)(ji)oՓӵĸ߷ӺõĻA~RDZزٵă(ni)ݡJ鼼ɾǸ㶨иԇôСվԸVиĿԇYo㎧KʹĽӖ
ͬrڜʂи~R^УԼ~RAλҲǷdzҪһ^ڂ俼и^ھW(wng)ϵһЩ俼ɺ͂俼(jng)ǽhҿԶTPOľ}Ȼ@ӵĽhě]e҂߀ǑԓԼĻAλڂ俼rWӢZļ~R߀RRôRTPO}ĿǷdzyҲf]~RĻA}Ŀfo
SF(xin)иgԽԽСܶгЌW_ʼиԇҲfڵIĿfҪRиԇf~RҪȥ挦һЌWfڂ俼иĕrҪ挦и~RǸӢZ~+Wļ~+и~һЌWfҪ挦~R~RǷdzģҲҪĕrgʂ䡣
и~R15
sea
high seas, open sea h
ocean
inlet С
bay ,
gulf
cove
cape
promontory, headland ,
cliff ͱ
port, harbour (:harbor)
bay, roadstead ֲ̎
sandbank ɳ
beach, shore
strait {
isthmus ؍{
reef ʯ
key
sandbar ɳ
tide
wave
undertow ^
tempest L
ground swell ӿ
seaquake ,[
low water ˮλ
и~RP£
и~R07-14
A_^и~R10-29
иرl~R20006-28
2022иxPĸl~R11-25
иibtиʲô^(q)e08-13
иxԇʽ ô俼иxԇ10-20
иZh08-05
иWӋ11-03
ʲôиԇ 俼иԇ09-23
иӢZ 08-04