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美國本科留學(xué)Essay寫作指導(dǎo)

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2017-10-27 編輯:結(jié)珍

  Essay即小論文,是美國本科留學(xué)申請重要材料之一,是美國大學(xué)了解申請者學(xué)習(xí)能力的重要途徑。對于學(xué)生能否順利申請到美國大學(xué)有著非常重要的影響,那么,如何才能撰寫一份讓人滿意的essay呢?YJBYS留學(xué)小編為大家進(jìn)行簡要介紹。

  1、結(jié)構(gòu)

  有些美國申請essay文章雖然有主題和思想,但無奈欠缺章法。沒有清楚的脈絡(luò),而是一盤散沙,各個(gè)部分相互之間關(guān)系不大。還有一種常見情況就是思維出現(xiàn)跳躍。段落和段落,前句和后句之間不是很有聯(lián)系;蛘咔懊嬖谡f一件事,后面寫的卻和前面關(guān)系不大。這樣容易讓AO摸不著頭腦,找不出邏輯,說不定心里煩悶就直接大段大段WS了。出現(xiàn)這些情況的原因主要有兩種。其一就是結(jié)構(gòu)本來沒構(gòu)建好,組織不清晰連貫。

  遇到這種情況解決方法通常是在寫之前就找到清晰的線索和敘述順序,然后一步步按順序來。

  2、語法

  語法是國內(nèi)的應(yīng)試英語角語十分強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容,結(jié)果有些同學(xué)考試英語在?荚嚦煽兒芎,寫起文章卻錯(cuò)誤很多。在此天道留學(xué)專家建議在修改時(shí)睜大眼睛,仔細(xì)地尋找可能出錯(cuò)的地方,就像訓(xùn)練做SAT WR部分選擇題一樣。通常錯(cuò)誤也就那么幾類,一般是時(shí)態(tài),動詞第三人稱,Run-On Sentence,前后主謂一致性,無主語等等。特別強(qiáng)調(diào)一下似乎不少人都不怎么使用完成時(shí)態(tài),這一點(diǎn)不太好。因?yàn)楹芏鄷r(shí)候現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)是很重要的。

  3、句式

  句式的多樣性一直是一大問題。有些筒子抱怨寫來寫去都是哪幾種句式,不新穎。這里我要說的是多樣化的句式都是自己總結(jié)出來的,別人不會幫你總結(jié),要靠自己思考和發(fā)現(xiàn)。句式是文筆的一大表現(xiàn),所以各位還是練好寫作能力為上。不過還是有些方法,比如長短句結(jié)合,被動態(tài)句式,排比句,分詞作主語,從句?梢試L試一下,看看效果如何。還有一個(gè)問題就是超長句。其實(shí)沒必要把一個(gè)句子寫那么長。

  4、用詞

  有些同學(xué)喜歡先想出漢語,然后翻譯成英語。結(jié)果一旦不會翻譯就求助于Baidu或者漢英詞典。后果之一就是文章中有時(shí)會出現(xiàn)一些生僻詞,但用法其實(shí)不對。解決方法就是謹(jǐn)慎用詞;蛘呤褂靡粋(gè)拿不準(zhǔn)的詞前找英語好的人,比如老師或者Native Speaker看看行不行。還有一個(gè)問題就是詞匯的多樣性,這一點(diǎn)也要注意。永遠(yuǎn)要把相同的兩個(gè)詞之間的“距離”拉得越長越好。

  5、完整性

  不可否認(rèn)戛然而止是一種美。但如果你在段中戛然而止或者留下了不必要的“懸念”的話,建議還是讓AO看到一個(gè)完整的故事比較好。注意檢查自己是不是有沒有圓滿說完的地方。

  6、學(xué)術(shù)性

  不可否認(rèn)有些時(shí)候一些比較學(xué)術(shù)的東西可能會在Essay中出現(xiàn)。對某專業(yè)的熱愛有時(shí)還會成為主題。這時(shí)要盡可能低估AO的智商—這樣沒有壞處。AO不是專業(yè)人員,也不是某領(lǐng)域的教授。所以在心中要把他們和勞苦大眾劃等號,用盡可能通俗的語言把要說的陳述出來。還有,不要為了展現(xiàn)所謂的思想而“炫耀”自己。(這點(diǎn)不少書都說過)現(xiàn)在這個(gè)年齡的人不可能有多少成熟完備的思想。展現(xiàn)自己的動力,熱情和興趣反而更加有效。與其大書特書在某領(lǐng)域的不成熟的見解或者已經(jīng)取得的“光輝耀眼”的成績,不如給AO展現(xiàn)自己能在今后繼續(xù)奮斗或思考下去的可能。

  7、流暢和音律

  一篇好的Essay應(yīng)該看起來流暢自然,讀起來朗朗上口。這就對句型的選取,句式的運(yùn)用和搭配,詞匯的取舍有更高的要求了。所以,大家還可以時(shí)不時(shí)把Essay讀出來,然后體會自己的感受。Essay寫到很優(yōu)秀的層面,不僅內(nèi)容,思想一流,而且行文有節(jié)奏,有韻律,給人以美的享受。能做好這一方面實(shí)屬不易,而這種層次也應(yīng)該是大家的奮斗目標(biāo)。

  8、字?jǐn)?shù)

  不少去美國讀本科的學(xué)生在創(chuàng)作時(shí)落筆萬言,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)大大超出了學(xué)校字?jǐn)?shù)要求。小編就強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn),字?jǐn)?shù)的限制一定要遵守!

  最后,讓我們一起來欣賞一篇優(yōu)秀的美國本科申請essay!

  It has come to my attention that our nations, and nations like ours, have long been plagued by a mysterious occurrence. An occurrence that is as perplexing as it is frustrating, and as baffling as it is widespread, a problem that finds its origins at the very foot of our society. The problem of which I speak is none other than “The Orphan Sock Enigma,” the constant disappearance of individual socks during the laundering process. It is a problem familiar to all of us, and also one to which we have unwillingly admitted defeat.

  I recently decided that this puzzle had remained unsolved for too long, and resolved to find an explanation. (In the grand tradition of science, I refused to be discouraged by the basic irrelevance of my cause.) But the truth that I uncovered is more shocking and fantastic than I could have ever imagined. My procedures, observations, and conclusions are as follows:

  First, to verify that the problem exists, experimental and control loads of laundry were completely processed (put through the washer and dryer)。 In the xperimental load (load with socks), by the end of the process, some socks were lost. But in the control load (load without socks), no socks were lost. Thus the problem was verified.

  Next the progress of a load of socks was carefully monitored. The results indicated that sock disappearance occurs during the period of time when the load is in the dryer. Following this conclusion, a literature search was done and a very significant fact was uncovered: there is no mention of socks disappearing in dryers before the invention of dryers in the 1920s. All evidence clearly pointed to the dryer. And it is there that I would find the answer to the enigma.

  Then, the actual experiment was done. In four separate trials, a number of socks (ten socks, or five pairs) were put through a normal drying cycle. The types of socks tested were selected by the highly accurate Harvey-Allman Principle Hierarchy and Zero Alternative Reduction Dimension (HAP-HAZARD)。

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