論民事權(quán)利濫用之禁止

摘  要

在《中華人民共和國(guó)民法通則》第7條中明確規(guī)定：“民事活動(dòng)應(yīng)尊重社會(huì)公德，不得損害社會(huì)公共利益，破壞國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃，擾亂社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序”。禁止民事權(quán)利濫用原則發(fā)展的理論基礎(chǔ)可以追溯到羅馬法中對(duì)所有權(quán)的限制問(wèn)題。在羅馬法中為了協(xié)調(diào)公共利益與個(gè)人利益，產(chǎn)生了許多限制權(quán)利濫用的思想。當(dāng)今民事權(quán)利濫用的具體表現(xiàn)形態(tài)多種多樣，形式復(fù)雜，大體上可以概括為惡意行使、損害正當(dāng)利益、無(wú)權(quán)行使、違反法律和公共利益、違反侵權(quán)法的1般性原則、主張與自己行為相矛盾的權(quán)利、濫用消極行使的行為和超過(guò)容忍限度的權(quán)利行使這8種。而隨著社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展，面對(duì)現(xiàn)代生活中出現(xiàn)的濫用民事權(quán)利的情形，在未來(lái)民法典中明確禁止權(quán)利濫用原則的適用范圍和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及具體的制裁方式等法律難題將顯得尤為急切。同時(shí)，將我國(guó)當(dāng)今《民法通則》第7條進(jìn)行完善后引入未來(lái)我國(guó)《民法典》中或者從新定義禁止民事權(quán)利原則的相關(guān)條款，在我國(guó)未來(lái)《民法典》中確立禁止權(quán)利濫用原則的獨(dú)立性地位和作用才是解決民事權(quán)利濫用的根本之計(jì)。

關(guān)鍵詞：民法基本原則  民事權(quán)利濫用  誠(chéng)實(shí)信用  權(quán)利本質(zhì)

Abstract

 In seventh explicitly stipulated in "Peoples Republic of ChinaGeneral provisions of the civil law" that, "The civic action shouldrespect the common courtesy, does not have to harm the social publicinterest, the destruction state economy plan, the harassment socialeconomy order". Forbids the civil right to abuse the principledevelopment the rationale to be allowed to trace in the Roman law tothe property rights the limit question. In Roman law in order tocoordinate the public interest with the personal interest, has had thethought which many limits rights abuses. Now the civil right abusesconcrete manifestation shape many and varied, the form is complex, onroughly may summarize for the evil intention exercises, the harm rightbenefit, has no right to exercise, to violate the law and the publicinterest, violates the behavior which the right infringement methodgeneral principle, the position and own behavior contradictory right,abuses negatively exercises and surpasses the tolerance limit theright to exercise these eight kinds. But along with societysunceasing development, appears facing the modern life in abuses thecivil right the situation, will be clear about the prohibition rightin the future people statute book to abuse legal difficult problem andso on the principle applicable scope and standard as well as concretesanction way appears especially anxiously. At the same time, after now"General provisions of the civil law" seventh will carry on ourcountry the consummation to introduce future our country "PeopleStatute book" center or anew defines the prohibition civil rightprinciple the related provision, future "People Statute book" centerwill establish the prohibition right in our country to abuse theprinciple the independent status and the function is idea of the basiswhich the solution civil right will abuse

Key word： Civil law basic principle   The civil right abuses  Honest credit   Right essence
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