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違約責(zé)任補(bǔ)償性之反思
摘 要
違約責(zé)任的補(bǔ)償性作為民法中平等原則的1個體現(xiàn)在我們社會業(yè)已深入人心。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，社會關(guān)系的復(fù)雜，補(bǔ)償性違約責(zé)任顯現(xiàn)出了自身的不足，如對惡意磋商等不法行為造成守約方的間接損失、精神損失無法進(jìn)行彌補(bǔ)以及無法對這些不法行為進(jìn)行遏制；受害者因很難查清實際損失，或損失難以證明而無法得到法律救濟(jì)。這就需要導(dǎo)入懲罰性賠償來制裁和遏制不法行為的發(fā)生，彌補(bǔ)1般補(bǔ)償性違約責(zé)任不能彌補(bǔ)的損失。當(dāng)然也有人持反對意見，認(rèn)為它與傳統(tǒng)民法理念沖突且會帶來許多不利的影響。但筆者認(rèn)為導(dǎo)入懲罰性賠償制度是1種需要，也是1種趨勢。不過我們需要對其進(jìn)行1定的限制，克服懲罰性賠償本身的局限性，從而發(fā)揮其較好的作用。同時我們必須堅持違約責(zé)任的補(bǔ)償性為主要原則，懲罰性只能是補(bǔ)償性的補(bǔ)充，而絕不能是代替，這是導(dǎo)入懲罰性賠償制度的前提。
關(guān)鍵詞: 違約責(zé)任；補(bǔ)償性； 懲罰性； 實證分析
Abstract
The compensability of obligation of breaching a contract considered as a reflection of equal principle in the civil law, and already has penetrated deeply into the heart of the people in our society. With the development of the economy and the complication of the society relations, the compensative obligation of breaching a contract appears own insufficiency. For examples: the indirect loss and the spiritual loss can’t be compensated, which caused by the illegal acts such as the vicious negotiation; the compensative obligation of breaching a contract is unable to restraint the illegal acts; the victims wouldn’t obtain the remedy of law because they are difficult to make the virtual loss clear, or to prove the loss existed. Thus we need to introduce the punitive damages into the contract law to eliminate these defections. Some hold opposite opinions that the punitive damages come into conflict with the traditional idea in the civil law and it would bring about many disadvantages to our country. But the author of this article insists that it should be a necessary and also a trend. Of course, we need to carry on certain limit to it so that plays it good role because of the limitations of the punitive damages itself. At the same time we must persist that the compensative obligation of breaching a contract is the main principle .The punitive damages only can be the supplement ,but cannot be replaces. This is a prerequisite to introduce the punitive damages.
Key word: Obligation of breaching a contract; Compensative; Punitive;
The real evidence analysis
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