英語論文中國飲食文化
飲食是人類生存與發(fā)展的第一需要，也是社會生活的基本形式之一。然而不同的文化背景，有著不同的'飲食觀念和飲食習俗，最終形成不同的飲食文化。以下是英語論文中國飲食文化，歡迎閱讀。
The history of Chinese food culture has a long history and is extensive and profound. Through the development history of several thousand years, it has become an important part of Chinese traditional culture, in the long-term development, evolution and accumulation process, Chinese people from the diet structure, food production, food utensils, nutrition, health care and diet aesthetic aspects and so on, gradually formed its own unique food folk, eventually created the unique flavor of the Chinese food culture, become a shining pearl in the world food culture. Some western countries together with national immigration, is under the influence of national food culture, eclecticism, and combined with their own eating habits, formed exquisite specially uygur, from the system the diet civilization.
The differences between Chinese and western cultures make up the difference between Chinese and western food culture, which mainly comes from different thinking modes and philosophy of philosophy.
1. Diet structure.
Our country has a long history, vast territory, diverse geographical environment, rich climatic conditions and various kinds of animal and plant products, which provide a solid material foundation for our diet. In the long life practice, our ancestors kept breeding and creating rich and varied food resources, which made our food sources extremely wide. Since pre-qin period, Chinese people's diet structure is based on food, beans, vegetables, fruits, grains and other plant-based foods. The staple food is the grain, the side food is the vegetable, with a small amount of meat. According to the wulin old story recorded a feast of dishes listed more than 200, among them, in pigs, ducks, fish, shrimp and other objects made by baking, cooking, and many other technology of 41, 42 fruit and candied fruit, there are more than 20 vegetables, there are 29 kinds of dried fish, there are 17 kinds of drinks, and 59, snacks, etc. There are so many kinds of food in the sky, and there are almost all kinds of food, which form a dazzling diet. It can be seen that Chinese food culture matured during the southern song dynasty. According to the survey, Chinese eat more than 600 kinds of vegetables, six times more than the west. In fact, in Chinese cuisine, vegetarian dishes are usually food. China's staple food is mainly rice and wheat, while millet, corn, wheat buckwheat, potatoes, sweet potatoes and various kinds of shaozi also occupy a place. In addition to the rice noodles, various kinds of pasta, such as steamed bread, noodles, oil strips and various kinds of porridge, cakes and varied snacks, make people's table colorful.
Westerners adhering to the nomads, sailing nation's cultural heritage, give priority to with fishing and hunting, breeding, to collect, planting is complementary, non-vegetarian food more, eat, wear, use took to the animals, even the western medicine taking refining from animals. More attention is paid to the intake of animal protein and fat, the diet structure, and the majority of animal dishes, mainly beef, chicken, pork, lamb and fish. As a result, the proportion of meat in the diet has been very high, and in modern times, the proportion of the planting industry has increased, but the proportion of meat in the diet is still higher than that of the Chinese.
2. Food production.
Chinese traditional dishes are very particular about cooking methods. Common methods include boiling, steaming, cooking, braising, cooking, frying, frying, frying, braising, blasting, braising, braising, braising, braising and mixing. And for a long time, because of the difference of products and customs, and taste the hobby is very different eating customs throughout the country, has a long history of cooking through ages people's creation, has formed rich and colorful regional cuisines, such as fujian cuisine, sichuan cuisine, cantonese cuisine, in Beijing cuisine, shandong cuisine, jiangsu cuisine and the hunan cuisine, huizhou, Shanghai, hubei, liaoning, prepared food, etc. Cuisines on the producing method is each have distinguishing feature each, such as hubei cuisine simmer, slippery, rinse, baking, etc in Beijing cuisine, sichuan cuisine is more to taste, flavour and taste more thick, tastes, and said, is "a dish one case, the food potpourri" of the story.
The key to the Chinese diet's unique charm lies in its exquisite taste. And the delicious creation, mainly consists of five flavors. At the same time, pursue the organic unity of color, aroma, taste, shape and art. In the color scheme, the auxiliary colors are used to foil, highlight, decorate and adapt to the main material, to form the color of the dishes evenly and softly, the main and secondary distinct, the thick and light, together, and harmonious and pleasing to the eye. In the combination of taste, emphasize the aroma, highlight the main flavor, and adjuvant seasoning, make it add flavor and flavor. In the configuration of shape, pay attention to the modelling art, use the technique such as ornament, inlay, melting carve and dish together, form harmonious and beautiful modelling. Chinese food color, shape, fragrance, taste, zi, raise six into an organic whole, make people get visual, touch, taste of comprehensive enjoyment, constitutes the taste as the core, for the purpose of raise the Chinese cooking characteristics. It is careful of material selection, precise knife work, vivid modelling, bright colors, clever combination, with indisputable historical position.
Western diet, steak has only one taste, no art. As dishes, chicken is chicken, steak is steak, even if have a match, it is in the plate, a plate of "French lamb chops," to put mashed potatoes, lean on lamb chops, on the other side with boiled green beans, add a few slices tomatoes into. The color contrast is bright, but in the taste the various raw materials are not coherent, harmonious, each is each flavor, simple and clear.
Compared with the western diet, Chinese food culture is unique and the food is beautiful.
3.Food utensils.
The diversity of eating utensils is also a feature of Chinese food culture. Special use of bamboo chopsticks to eat, easy to use, economic convenience, is praised by the europeans and americans is the creation of art. Chinese food utensils are divided into two categories: beans, jars, bowls, bowls, bowls, boxes, urns, POTS, retort, plates and so on. From the materials, there are ceramic products, porcelain products, metal products and bamboo products and so on; With the improvement of productivity and the continuous improvement of human living standards, food appliances have undergone new changes in materials, quality and form. From the beginning of the sui and tang dynasties, there have been a large number of dietary utensils made of precious metals such as gold and silver, which are widely used in the folk and porcelain wares. During the tang and song dynasties, Chinese porcelain was well known overseas. Up to the present day, the ceramic food is beautiful and brilliant, and it has become a bright spot and characteristic in Chinese food culture.
Westerners use metal knife and fork, as well as various cups, plates, cups, dishes, the type of tableware, very monotonous.
4.Nutrition and health care.
Mainly grain, pay attention to diet and health care. This is the typical food structure. It is mainly grain, with less meat and more vegetables and vegetables. Among them, rice is the main food, while the dish is for the next meal, which is to help the food to swallow. The Chinese are very pay attention to the nutrition of diet care, nutrition reasonable collocation, balanced diet, through the deployment of eating corn, five fruits, five livestock, five vegetables such as odour, functions of different food, in order to achieve a balance of Yin and Yang, viscera coordination, lean gas, raise body fitness. Early in the spring and autumn period and the warring states period, Confucius put forward the "food gastronomes, enjoys incomparable fine" concept of diet, also summarizes the ten "no food", and pay attention to health, comply with the time, pay attention to nutrition, temperate of scientific diet rules.
Westerners also notice food science, pay attention to food production in strict accordance with the scientific and standardized, spices to add quantity of accurate to g, cooking time accurate to seconds, make the kitchen like a chemistry lab, and the taste of steak from New York to San Francisco.
5. Food aesthetics.
The Chinese diet has formed the "ten beautiful style" in the continuous development: attention to taste, color, fragrance, quality, shape, sequence, apparatus, fitness, environment, interesting harmony and unity. Chinese cooking is not only exquisite in technique, but also in the beauty of dishes, and it pays attention to the harmony of color, aroma, taste, shape and organ of food. The performance of the aesthetic feeling of dishes are various, no matter is a carrot, or a cabbage heart, can be carved out all sorts of modelling, unique, color, aroma, taste and shape, beautiful harmony, give a person with spiritual and material highly unified special enjoyment.
For the westerners, diet is only a necessary physiological activity, but the pursuit of beauty is neglected.
The difference between Chinese and western food culture is obvious, and each has its merits. With the acceleration of economic globalization and information exchange, Chinese and western food culture will be integrated in the collision and complement each other in the fusion. Now the Chinese table is increasing the proportion of meat and dairy products. Similarly, western food also began to Chinese food color, aroma, taste, meaning and shape of the state of development, Chinese and western food culture will in communication common development, people will enjoy a delicious, faster and more nutritious food.
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