翻譯人物詞典編纂研究
現(xiàn)有譯學(xué)詞典的一個(gè)比較大的問(wèn)題是詞典種類匱乏，比如關(guān)于翻譯人物的詞典就很少。翻譯人物指的是那些為翻譯發(fā)展做出過(guò)貢獻(xiàn)的杰出的翻譯家、翻譯理論家以及不同翻譯學(xué)派的代表人物等等。下面是小編分享的翻譯人物詞典編纂研究的文學(xué)碩士論文，歡迎大家閱讀。
翻譯人物詞典編纂研究
摘 要
隨著翻譯實(shí)踐與翻譯理論的蓬勃發(fā)展，翻譯研究于近幾十年也日益興起。為了推動(dòng)翻譯研究的系統(tǒng)化發(fā)展，以及譯學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，翻譯學(xué)詞典應(yīng)運(yùn)而生，而且此類詞典至今已有十幾本。然而，作為關(guān)于一門(mén)新興學(xué)科的詞典難免會(huì)存在一些不盡如人意的地方。所以，翻譯學(xué)詞典研究，作為翻譯學(xué)中的一支新秀，也逐漸發(fā)展起來(lái)，以解決現(xiàn)有譯學(xué)詞典中存在的問(wèn)題。
現(xiàn)有譯學(xué)詞典的一個(gè)比較大的問(wèn)題是詞典種類匱乏，比如關(guān)于翻譯人物的詞典就很少。因而編纂翻譯人物詞典，推動(dòng)翻譯學(xué)研究健康發(fā)展成為一項(xiàng)重要任務(wù)。通過(guò)對(duì)翻譯學(xué)以及譯學(xué)詞典的初步探索，本文對(duì)翻譯人物詞典的現(xiàn)狀做了描寫(xiě)性和分析性的研究，指出了現(xiàn)有翻譯人物詞典的不足，并就此針對(duì)翻譯人物詞典的編研提出了一些建設(shè)性意見(jiàn)。
隨著越來(lái)越多的人投身于翻譯實(shí)踐以及翻譯研究，他們?cè)诜g領(lǐng)域以及社會(huì)上的重要性也逐漸被認(rèn)可。本文中，翻譯人物指的是那些為翻譯發(fā)展做出過(guò)貢獻(xiàn)的杰出的翻譯家、翻譯理論家以及不同翻譯學(xué)派的代表人物等等。
由于以往編撰翻譯人物詞典的主要是翻譯學(xué)領(lǐng)域的專家學(xué)者，而非詞典編撰家，再加上一些其他主客觀原因，錯(cuò)誤和缺陷在所難免。從詞典學(xué)角度來(lái)看，它們?cè)谠~典綜合結(jié)構(gòu)、編排方式、檢索途徑、附錄設(shè)置和裝幀設(shè)計(jì)等方面都不同程度地存有漏洞。另外由于這類詞典編纂剛剛起步，它們?cè)谑赵~釋義的系統(tǒng)性、科學(xué)性等方面也有一些不盡如人意的地方。由于現(xiàn)有的翻譯人物詞典數(shù)量有限，以及人們尚未認(rèn)識(shí)到這類詞典的好處，有關(guān)翻譯人物詞典的理論研究也就相對(duì)較少。然而理論上來(lái)講，翻譯人物詞典的作用很多，可以滿足學(xué)者、老師、學(xué)生等不同人群的需要。
為了彌補(bǔ)翻譯人物詞典的缺陷，發(fā)揚(yáng)它們的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，更好地編撰深受大眾歡迎的翻譯人物詞典，本文嘗試性地探討了翻譯人物詞典編纂應(yīng)遵循的基本原則。
首先，文章從詞典學(xué)的.角度，對(duì)翻譯人物詞典的綜合結(jié)構(gòu)提出了一些意見(jiàn)，從而希望此類詞典能更好地為研究者服務(wù)。文章參考了詞典編纂家關(guān)于詞典綜合結(jié)構(gòu)的言論以及翻譯學(xué)者關(guān)于翻譯學(xué)方面的建議，提出了幾點(diǎn)適合翻譯人物詞典的建議。
接下來(lái)，文章從宏觀和微觀的角度介紹了翻譯人物詞典的詞條編纂，探討收詞、釋義方面的主要注意事項(xiàng)，這一部分也是整篇論文的重點(diǎn)所在。
現(xiàn)今中國(guó)只有三本翻譯人物方面的詞典，而且每一本都不同程度的存在一些問(wèn)題，這對(duì)于未來(lái)翻譯人物詞典的編研是很不利的。因而文章參考借鑒了一般人物詞典和以往的翻譯家詞典，并靈活地運(yùn)用到翻譯人物詞典中來(lái)，旨在建立一套科學(xué)系統(tǒng)的翻譯人物詞典編纂原則。文中收詞原則歸納為規(guī)范性、時(shí)效性和綜合性。而釋義原則主要?dú)w納為以下四點(diǎn)：義項(xiàng)單位的完整性、描寫(xiě)性、規(guī)范性和科學(xué)性。這些基本原則將會(huì)對(duì)未來(lái)翻譯人物詞典的編纂和研究有一定的參考價(jià)值。
論文結(jié)尾部分指出了本文的局限性和不足，并展望了翻譯人物詞典編研的未來(lái)。借此呼吁更多的人關(guān)注翻譯人物詞典以及譯學(xué)詞典的發(fā)展。
關(guān)鍵詞：翻譯人物;功能;總體結(jié)構(gòu);收詞原則;釋義原則
Introduction
0.1 The Object of the Thesis
Translation, as a social activity, has a history of more than 5000 years in the world, and over 3000 years in China, starting from scratch to its popularity today. All the theories originated from practice. Later on, translation theory evolved from sporadic comments to detailed literatures, evaluating on the translation practice and theory. What’s more, since 1950s, linguistics and sociosemiotics have grown by leaps and bounds, and simultaneously, studies about post-colonist, deconstruction, as well as cultural comparison have been given further discussions. Under the influence of all these perspectives, further and more systematic explorations have been made on the study of translation. “Translation studies”, as a serious scientific branch, came into birth.
With the establishment and evolution of “translation studies”, a wealth of relevant terms and literature about translation and translation studies emerged. At that time, more systematic studies were in great demand and among them the dictionary of translation studies (DTS in short), an exotic flower, arrived just in time. As is said by Yang Zijian, “Professional terminology dictionary will emerge when a discipline has developed to a certain level，especially in modern times”.
Currently, there are 13 DTSs in China, they are Dictionary of Chinese Translators (1988), Dictionary of Chinese Science Translators (1991), A Glossary of Translation Terms: Chinese-English, English-Chinese (1993), A Companion for Chinese Translators (1997) , An English-Chinese Translation Dictionary with Illustrative Examples (1999), Aspects of Translation (1999), Russian-Chinese Translation Dictionary (2000), Chinese-English Dictionary of Descriptions (2000), Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese Practitioners (2001), A C-E E-C Verbal Forest of Translatology (2001) , An Encyclopedia of Translation: Chinese-English，English-Chinese(2nd edition, 2001), A Dictionary of Translation Studies (2004) and A Dictionary of Translation Technology (2004).(Zhao Wei, 2006) Simultaneously, two foreign DTSs were introduced, namely Dictionary of Translation Studies by Mark Shuttleworth & Moira Cowie in 1991, and Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies by Mona Baker in 1998. The burst of these dictionaries is like the “Enlightenment Movement” in the development of translation studies. They are landmarks, symbolizing the rapid development of translation studies and its independence.
Accompanying the evolution of DTSs are many books and articles on the compilation of DTSs: articles about features and criterion of the existing DTSs, such as On the Descriptiveness of Dictionaries of Translatology(2002), and On the Principles of Compiling Dictionaries of Translation Studies(2002) ; critiques and suggestions on improving DTSs quality such as Gap between Usage and Compilation of Translatological Dictionaries(2002),and What is a Comprehensive Translatological Dictionary?(2004) ; principles of entry inclusion and entry definition such as Information Elements of Entries in Translatological Dictionaries(2004), and On the Compiling of Version Entries in Translatological Dictionaries(2002); viewpoints of certain part of DTSs, such as On Appendix of Comprehensive Dictionary of Translation Studies(2006), and A Proposal for Classified Arrangement of Translatology Dictionaries: A Cognitive Perspective(2004); etc. From this we can see that the study on compiling DTSs has eMBArked on a relatively systematic and comprehensive road.
However, the study of DTSs should not be restrained to this, because the current DTSs are just the tip of the iceberg. Professor Sun Yingchun divided DTSs into comprehensive and single-subject dictionaries. The comprehensive DTSs could be further divided according to countries involved; while single-subject dictionary could be divided into four types, i.e. DTSs about theory, practice, language, and things. Therefore, the study of DTSs could be expanded accordingly, so as to establish more systematic and scientific study of DTSs. This paper tries to tackle a small part of this iceberg - the DTSs of things, and the thing discussed here is the dictionaries of translation figures (DTFs in short).
As a branch of the study of DTSs, the study of dictionaries of translation figures has not aroused appropriate attention yet, because there are few articles to discuss it in a detailed way till now. Usually, when asked about this term, people will feel perplexed and raise the following questions: who are “translation figures”? What are DTFs for? What’s the significance of compiling DTFs? How to compile it scientifically?
According to the Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, the word figure means a prominent personality. Considering the context and development of translation and translation studies, translation figures could be defined as outstanding people who have contributed to the development of translation, including translators, translation theorists, and representatives of different translation schools and so on.
Translators are not fresh to us today, for they and their work have always been playing an important role in the social, political, economic and cultural communication. “Lu Xun compared the translators as Prometheus. This metaphor has vividly states out the significance of translation and people engaged in this profession.”(Ye Junjian,preface of A Companion for Chinese Translators, 1997)
In the preface of Dictionary of Chinese Science Translators，the importance of translation figures is stressed time and again,
“Yan Fu, and other translators, like Liang Qichao, Xu Shou, and Hua Hengfang have contributed greatly in organizing translation activities, and disseminate science knowledge.
Translators, engaged in the scientific activities, have not only played an essential role in the evolvement of relevant courses, but also made positive contribution to scientific translation.”(Shanghai Journal of Translators for Science and Technology，1991:v)
Ye Shuifu also speaks highly of translators in the preface of Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese Translators
“Most of them are not leaders, let alone stars, singers, or other celebrities, but they have indeed exerted an irreplaceable role in the reform and opening-up, as well as the construction of the four-modernization. They are supposed to be widely accepted and respected by the society”.(Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese Translators，2001：preface)
From these commentaries, it is easy to conclude that translators are indispensable in the course of history development, which could be well illustrated by Lin Shu. Lin Shu, a great Chinese translator, has worked together with others to translate a myriad of foreign literature into Chinese. As is estimated, he has translated 183 novels of Britain, America, and France, Russia, Japan, Spain, Belgian, Norwegian, Greece, and many other countries. Though he didn’t introduce the foreign literature as loyally as today’s translators do, he did make contributions to China’s literature development in a devoted way. A Ying (阿英) in his History of Late Qing Dynasty’s Novel stated that, “ (Lin Shu) takes China’s modern intellectual class closer to the foreign literature and many distinguished writers, and provides them with opportunities to learn from the foreign literature, and thus promote the development of our national literature.”(Sun Yingchun,1999: 546)
Quite importantly, it is necessary to point out that not only these translators are heroes, the translation theorists and other people who have close relation with translation cannot be neglected either. Let’s take Eugene A Nida as an example. Eugene A Nida is a great translation theorist with the most research achievements in translation in the west. He systematically illustrates translation process by means of modern linguistics which is also used to guide Bible translation. In addition, he proposes theories like “translation is science”, “dynamic equivalence” in more than 40 works and 250 articles. Since the 1980s his ideas have been extensively imported into China, and with the help of these imported theories, more and more translation styles come into birth, which have not only improved the translation level, but also greatly impacted China’s translation theory development from then on.
Although translation figures have stroked illuminating light in the course of the world’s development, attention to them has not yet been widely aroused. Just as Ye Junjian says in the preface of Dictionary of Chinese Translators, “Translation as a profession has gained more attention now; however, discussions of the nature of translation, and people involved in it are rare.”(Ye Junjian, 1988: preface of Dictionary of Chinese Translators)
Admittedly, there are some books and articles about translation figures, their status, their works, and their influence and so on, but that’s just instantaneous and sporadic ideas or thoughts. It is better if we can introduce them in a detailed and systematic way to those who want to learn about translation figures the people, their academic achievements or things like that, and one of the best ways is to compile dictionaries about them. Fortunately, there are three special dictionaries to introduce the distinguished translators; they are Dictionary of Chinese Translators (1988), Dictionary of Chinese Science Translators (1991), and Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese Translators (2001). Apart from this, in A Companion for Chinese Translators (1997), Aspects of Translation (1999), A Dictionary of Translation Studies (2004) and some other dictionaries, some sections are also given to translation figures. These dictionaries are useful for us to have a grasp of translation figures, their bibliographic document, historical facts, etc.
The architect commissioned to design a building must know, first of all, to what uses the building will be put. In lexicography, too, each dictionary must have its own compiling purpose, making sure that the whole dictionary could give full scope to its roles. So are DTFs.
The purpose of Dictionary of Chinese Translators is to reflect the achievements of Chinese translators and their industrious work, to accumulate and collate materials in the translation field, so as to promote communication and develop translation course.
Dictionary of Chinese Science Translators holds such a purpose of carrying forward contributions of Chinese science translators, especially their achievements to China’s socialism construction, aiming to promote the communication between scientific translation and other fields; filling the gaps in the history of translation and publication, in order to provide an indispensable reference book for scientific development and translation study.
Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese Translators says: in order to publicize the devotion spirit and brilliant contribution, summarize and promote the social and scientific fruits in our country, extend communication of scientific information, as well as offer information of qualified personnel, (we) compile this dictionary.
Zgusta proposes that, “The decision concerning the purpose or the combination of the purposes of a planned dictionary is one of the most important ones. A good part of both the scientific and the commercial success of the dictionaries will be the result of how reasonably this decision was made and how adroitly it was carried out.”(Cit: Bejoint: 109)
DTFs are different from other DTSs in that it is compiled to present a most thorough picture of translation by introducing translation figures instead of normal translation terms, in which not only translators, but also translation theorists, and representatives of different translation schools and so on are included. Therefore, its purpose is first to note down the achievements of translators, in the hope of informing people of their translating approach, style and contributions to the development of translation and the society; second to record translation theorists’ thoughts on translation, which could be used to guide translation practice, and be preserved as precious culture heritage, so as to promote the academic study; third to introduce those non-translators as well as non-translation theorists, who have facilitated translation cause in various ways.
As more attention is to be given to translation figures, the compilation of DTFS can provide the public with more opportunities to know the translation figures. Besides, users of DTFS could benefit enormously from it: translators could improve their translating skills through learning the skills put forward by others; researchers on translation studies could get inspiration from the translation figures and their achievements; furthermore, it can serve as a teaching tool for foreign language teachers, etc.
In addition, to compile new DTFs can make up the shortcomings of existing DTFs. As is noticed, the existing DTFs are not so ideal. For one aspect, the quantity of DTFs is too small, and the contents of these dictionaries are limited. For another aspect, quality of DTF is not satisfactory. Thus more comprehensive and complete DTFs need to be compiled. Wang Kefei says that entries about Chinese translators of the existing DTFs need supplementation, while entry about foreign translators should start from scratch. (Cit: Sun Yingchun, 2004:17)
Based on the above reasons, we can get that to compile DTFS is relatively important and questions about how to compile DTFs should be put on the agenda.
As stated, there is no systematical principles about compiling DTFs, study on it, should on one hand, be based on the existing DTFs; on the other hand, could lean on the compiling principles about translation figures in DTSs and general people dictionary.
【翻譯人物詞典編纂研究】相關(guān)文章：
2.語(yǔ)料庫(kù)構(gòu)建與翻譯教學(xué)研究淺析論文
5.等值理論在醫(yī)學(xué)翻譯中應(yīng)用的翻譯論文
6.翻譯方向論文提綱