雅思英語(yǔ)閱讀練習(xí)材料

　　雅思考試分學(xué)術(shù)類(lèi)和培訓(xùn)類(lèi)兩種，分別針對(duì)申請(qǐng)留學(xué)的學(xué)生和計(jì)劃在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言國(guó)家參加工作或移民的人士。為了幫助大家備考雅思，小編分享了一些英語(yǔ)閱讀材料，歡迎閱讀!

　　軟飲料行業(yè)

　　Ms Nestle, a professor at New York University, is both heartened by recent progress and dissatisfied with it. That is no surprise. Her first book, “Food Politics” (2002), remains a bible for those who bewailthe power of food companies. In her new book she attacks the industry’s most widely consumed, least healthy product. “Soda Politics”, she says, is a book “to inspire readers to action”. As a rallying cry,it is verbose. When readers learn on page 238 that she will pick up a particular subject in chapter 25, it is with no little dismay that they realise they are only on chapter 17. But what the author wants most is to craft a meticulous guide to the producers’ alleged transgressions, and how to stop them.

　　對(duì)于最近取得的進(jìn)展，奈斯特女士，這位紐約大學(xué)的教授頗受鼓舞，但并不滿(mǎn)足于此。這也不足為奇。她的第一本書(shū)“糧食政策”依舊被那些哀嘆食品企業(yè)權(quán)勢(shì)的人們奉為經(jīng)典。在新書(shū)中，奈斯特女士對(duì)軟飲料行業(yè)消費(fèi)最廣，最有害健康的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行了抨擊�！盾涳嬃喜呗浴愤@本書(shū)旨在激勵(lì)人們采取行動(dòng)，奈斯特說(shuō)到。然而作為戰(zhàn)斗口號(hào)，卻顯得頗為繁冗。讀者們?cè)诘?38頁(yè)了解到奈斯特將在第25章講述一個(gè)特別的主題，卻意識(shí)到自己才看到第17章，但他們并沒(méi)有因此而沮喪。作者最想做的是擬定一份詳細(xì)的指南，指出生產(chǎn)商曾經(jīng)的過(guò)失，并想方設(shè)法阻止他們的這種行為。

　　【必背詞匯】

　　hearten激勵(lì);鼓舞

　　progress進(jìn)展

　　be dissatisfied with不滿(mǎn)

　　bewail哀嘆

　　most widely consumed消費(fèi)最廣的

　　rallying cry戰(zhàn)斗口號(hào);振臂一呼

　　dismay沮喪

　　craft擬定;制作

　　meticulous詳細(xì)的

　　alleged所謂的;被聲稱(chēng)的

　　transgression侵犯;犯罪

　　人眼

　　The reason people can see words on paper, the sunrise in the morning, or the bright light of the moon at night, it is because of the human eyes. A person can view some of the parts of the human eye by looking into a mirror.

　　人們之所以可以看到紙上的字、早晨的日出或是夜晚明亮的月光都是因?yàn)槿说难劬�。我們可以在照鏡子的時(shí)候觀(guān)察到眼睛的一部分。

　　The eye is situated inside a hollow area of the skull called the eye socket. The eyelid protects the front part of the eye keeping it clean and moist by blinking. This is the opening and shutting of the eye throughout the day. Blinking is both voluntary, meaning it can be controlled, and involuntary, meaning it sometimes happens automatically. When the eyelid blinks automatically, it is a reflex. This reflex occurs when the eyes need to adjust to bright light, or when they are needed to shut quickly for protection. The eyelids keep dirt and other substances from entering a person's eyes.

　　眼睛位于眼窩頭骨的中空區(qū)域內(nèi)。眼瞼保護(hù)眼睛的前部，通過(guò)眨眼使其保持清潔和濕潤(rùn)。這也控制了眼睛全天的開(kāi)合。眨眼可以是可控制的，也就是說(shuō)它也可以通過(guò)人為控制非自愿地進(jìn)行也可以在不知情的情況下自動(dòng)發(fā)生。自然情況下的眨眼是一種條件反射。當(dāng)眼睛需要調(diào)整到更為明亮的光線(xiàn)，或在為了保護(hù)眼睛而需要迅速閉眼時(shí)就會(huì)出現(xiàn)此反射。眼瞼防止污垢和其他物質(zhì)進(jìn)入人的眼睛。

　　The white part of the eye is the sclera. The sclera is the outer covering of the eyeball, which is made of a very tough material. It also contains blood vessels that deliver blood to the sclera. The cornea is a transparent dome that is located in front of the colored part of your eye. It helps with the focusing of the eye when light enters. It is a very difficult part to see because it is made of a clear tissue. Think of the cornea as a window the person's eye sees through.

　　眼睛的白色部分是鞏膜。鞏膜是眼球，它由非常堅(jiān)硬的材料組成。該部分也包括了向鞏膜輸送血液的血管。角膜是位于眼睛的彩色部分前的透明圓頂。它有助于眼睛對(duì)光聚焦。這是一個(gè)非常難觀(guān)察到的部分因?yàn)樗�的是由透明組織組成。可以把角膜看作人眼的一扇窗戶(hù)。

　　Located behind the cornea is the iris, which is the colorful part of the eye. There are muscles attached to the iris that change its shape, which controls the amount of light going through the pupil. The pupil is the black circle in the middle of the iris and lets the light enter the eye. The pupils adjust to the light by opening wider when more light is needed, and shrinks when there is plenty of light available. The anterior chamber is the space between the iris and cornea, which is filled with a transparent fluid keeping the eye healthy.

　　位于角膜后面的是虹膜，這是眼睛色彩豐富的一部分。與虹膜相連的肌肉改變其形狀從而控制進(jìn)入瞳孔的光的量。瞳孔是虹膜中間的黑色圓圈，光線(xiàn)通過(guò)瞳孔進(jìn)入眼內(nèi)。瞳孔可以收縮，當(dāng)需要更多的光線(xiàn)時(shí)，瞳孔擴(kuò)張;當(dāng)周?chē)�的光線(xiàn)十分充足，瞳孔緊縮。眼球前房在虹膜和角膜之間，前方中充滿(mǎn)透明流體用來(lái)保護(hù)眼睛的健康。

　　When light enters the eye it next hits the lens, which is located behind the iris and it is transparent. Like all lenses, they are usually used to focus light, and this is what the lens of the eye does. It focuses light rays on the back of the eyeball to the retina. This part is home to millions of cells that are sensitive to light. The retina takes the light and changes it to signals which are sent to the brain. The brain in turn is able to tell a person what they are seeing. The image received in the eye is actually upside down when the optic nerve, like a high speed telephone line, sends the signal to the brain, When the brain receives it, though, the image seen is flipped right-side up. This happens so fast; a person won't even realize what is happening between the eyes and brain.

　　光進(jìn)入眼睛后照在虹膜后面的透明的晶狀體上。如同所有的透鏡，晶狀體也用于將光聚焦。它將光線(xiàn)聚焦到眼球后部的視網(wǎng)膜上。這部分由數(shù)百萬(wàn)光敏細(xì)胞組成。視網(wǎng)膜接收光線(xiàn)，并將其轉(zhuǎn)換成發(fā)送到大腦的視覺(jué)信號(hào)。而大腦則告訴人眼所看到的畫(huà)面。眼睛接收到的圖像實(shí)際上是顛倒的，視神經(jīng)像高速電話(huà)線(xiàn)將信號(hào)發(fā)送到大腦，當(dāng)大腦接收到它所看到的圖像被向右朝上翻。這個(gè)過(guò)程發(fā)生的太快以致人無(wú)法意識(shí)到眼睛到大腦之間發(fā)生的這一系列活動(dòng)。

　　There is also a muscle located in the eye called the ciliary muscle. This muscle changes the shape of the lens when things are needed to be seen up close, far away, or out of the corners of the eyes. The lens becomes thicker when a person needs to see something up close, like reading, but becomes thinner when seeing something far away, like when riding a bike. The largest eye part is the vitreous body, which takes up about 2/3 of the volume of the eye, as well as giving the eye its shape.

　　眼睛附近也有一種被稱(chēng)為睫狀肌的肌肉。當(dāng)人需要看清遠(yuǎn)近距離不同的物體，則需要睫狀肌調(diào)整晶狀體形狀。當(dāng)人需要看清近在眼前的物體，比如閱讀，晶狀體就會(huì)變厚;而當(dāng)人需要看清遠(yuǎn)處的東西，比如騎自行車(chē)時(shí)，晶狀體就會(huì)變得很薄。眼睛最大的部分是玻璃體，約占據(jù)了眼睛的容積的2/3，而且玻璃體也決定了眼睛的形狀。

　　The retina also uses special cells called rods (about 120 million of them) and cones (7 million) located in each eye to help it process light. The rods see in black, white and gray and passes along the shape of what is seen. It also can tell the difference between colors, and helps a person's vision when there is very little light. Cones are more helpful in bright light.

　　視網(wǎng)膜上有特殊的視桿細(xì)胞，每只眼睛上約有1.2億個(gè)視桿細(xì)胞和7億個(gè)視錐細(xì)胞用于處理光線(xiàn)。視桿接收黑色、白色和灰色光線(xiàn)并且傳遞所看到物體的形狀。視桿細(xì)胞還可以區(qū)分顏色，并用于夜視力。而視錐細(xì)胞在光線(xiàn)明亮?xí)r發(fā)揮的作用更大。

　　In summary, there are many parts of the eyes that work together to help you see and enjoy the different sights and colors surrounding you throughout the day.

　　總之，無(wú)數(shù)眼睛內(nèi)的組織協(xié)同作用使得人類(lèi)看到和欣賞不同的風(fēng)景以及周邊的五光十色。