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雅思寫作如何使用高分非謂語動(dòng)詞
導(dǎo)語:非謂語動(dòng)詞包括動(dòng)名詞、不定式和分詞,可以充當(dāng)除了謂語之外的任何成分。根據(jù)這一特點(diǎn),考生應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)其了解以便達(dá)到對(duì)其的熟練運(yùn)用。
1)主語
動(dòng)名詞和不定式均可以充當(dāng)句子的主語,可以避免人稱如“people,we”頻繁做主語的情況。
如:Living in school can save them a great deal of time on the way between home and school everyday
Parents are firmly convinced that, to send their children to kindergartens or nursery schools will have an unfavorable influence on the growth of children在線考試中心
考生可以模仿以上例子,結(jié)合被動(dòng)語態(tài)及形式主語,更準(zhǔn)確地對(duì)其進(jìn)行使用。
2)賓語
非謂語動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)賓語時(shí)的用法與主語基本相同,值得注意的`是,不定式常常以“V+ do”的形式出現(xiàn)?忌鷳(yīng)在備考前總結(jié)日常作文中高頻使用的動(dòng)詞,如fail to do, prefer to do等。
如:Young adults usually prefer to take outdoor exercises rather than indoor ones.
同樣的,對(duì)于一些后面加動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞,考生也應(yīng)加以熟悉,如object to, deny等。
The majority of people object to smoking in public.
在雅思作文中經(jīng)常會(huì)有對(duì)于“原因、影響、建議”的討論,或是人們對(duì)某一問題持不同看法。我們也可以將不定式與疑問詞連用,構(gòu)成“wh-+ to do”的結(jié)構(gòu)。
與謂語動(dòng)詞相比
相同點(diǎn)
如果是及物動(dòng)詞都可與賓語連用,例如:
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
都可以被狀語修飾:
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
都有主動(dòng)與被動(dòng),“體”式(一般式;進(jìn)行式;完成式)的變化。例如:
He was punished by his parents.(謂語動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài))
He avoided being punished by his parents.(動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式)
We have written the composition.(謂語動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí))
Having written the composition,we handed it in.(現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式)
都可以有邏輯主語
They started the work at once.(謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語)
The boss ordered them to start the work.(動(dòng)詞不定式的'邏輯主語)
We are League members.(謂語動(dòng)詞的主語)
We being League member,the work was well done. (現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語)
否定式一般用not,并且放在非謂語動(dòng)詞之前
不同點(diǎn)
非謂語動(dòng)詞可以有名詞作用(如動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞),在句中做主語、賓語、表語。
非謂語動(dòng)詞可以有形容詞作用(如動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞),在句中做定語、表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語。
非謂語動(dòng)詞可以有副詞作用(如動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞),在句中作狀語。
謂語動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語,受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制;非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語,它不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制。
英語中不能單獨(dú)做句子的謂語。
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