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英語語法經(jīng)典例題 ：動(dòng)詞用法與辨析
英語語法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼，因?yàn)閺?fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時(shí)難以記憶。為大家整理了英語語法經(jīng)典例題：動(dòng)詞用法與辨析，希望對(duì)同學(xué)們的英語語法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。
英語語法經(jīng)典例題：動(dòng)詞用法與辨析（測(cè)試題及詳解）
1. We’re so busy that no one in the office can _____ for any other work.
A. spare B. be spared
C. share D. be shared
2. He regards that book _____ one of the worst that he’s _____ read.
A. to be, ever B. to be, never
C. as, ever D. as, never
3. “Did you get a job?” “No, I ______, but it’s no use.”
A. expected B. tried to
C. managed to D. planned
4. “Do you know that Jack ______ a postman for about six years?” “Yes, I see.”
A. has become B. has turned
C. has changed D. has been
5. The thing that ______ is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not.
A. matters B. cares
C. considers D. minds
6. I don’t want the green coat. It is red and black colours that ______ me very well.
A. suit B. fit
C. suits D. fits
7. “Will another fifty be enough?” “Just twenty will ______.”
A. work B. do
C. suit D. fit
8. Goodbye, Mr Carter — my secretary will _____ you to the door.
A. send B. lead
C. drive D. show
9. This kind of cancer can be cured, provided it is ______ early.
A. got B. gained
C. seen D. caught
10. We haven’t enough books for everyone; some of you will have to _____.
A. help B. enjoy
C. share D. spare
11. He asked her to marry him and she _____ him.
A. answered B. received
C. accepted D. agreed
12. My worst fears were _____ when I saw what the exam questions were.
A. done B. seen
C. finished D. realized
13. The plan looks good on paper, but will it _____?
A. work B. pass
C. agree D. does
14. What’s the matter with the radio? Why isn’t it _____?
A. broadcasting B. working
C. doing D. sounding
15. High unemployment _____ the government billions of pounds in lost taxes.
A. spends B. takes
C. uses D. costs
16. It’s hard to rescue drowning people because they _____ so much.
A. sink B. swim
C. jump D. struggle
17. She went to the station to meet her husband, but _____ him in the crowd.
A. passed B. recognized
C. missed D. lost
18. I missed what was happening because I wasn’t ______ very closely.
A. noticing B. running
C. watching D. glancing
19. If you lend me a pound, it will _____ me having to go to the bank.
A. save B. share
C. serve D. help
20. Don’t _______ your breath trying to persuade them; they’ll never listen.
A. use B. waste
C. spend D. put
21. He has spent little time on his lessons this term, so he _____ to fail the exam.
A. expects B. hopes
C. wishes D. requires
22. He will never ______ anything if he doesn’t work hard.
A. hope B. wish
C. achieve D. succeed
【答案與解析】
1. 選B，spare 在表示“騰出或省去(多余的人或物)”。
2. 選C，regard … as …的意思“把……當(dāng)作……”，其中的介詞 as 不能換成 to be。
3. 選B。I tried to 為 I tried to get a job 之省略。
4. 選D。因?yàn)锳、B、C均為終止性動(dòng)詞，均不能連用 for about six years 這樣的一段時(shí)間。
5. 選A。matter 在此的意思是“要緊”、“關(guān)系重大”。
6. 選A。填空句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語 red and black colours，故其后的謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)，即排除C和D。另外，fit 與suit區(qū)別是：fit 表示“適合”或“合身”等(及物或不及物)，主要是指尺寸、大小、形狀等方面的適合，而 suit 表示“適合”，主要指款式或花色等方面的適合。
7. 選B。do 在此表示“夠”、“足夠”、“適合”、“行”、“可以”等義。又如：
This will never do! 這事永遠(yuǎn)不可以。
I’m hungry. Get me something to eat. Anything will do. 我餓了，給我弄點(diǎn)吃的東西，什么都行。
8. 選D。show sb to the door 意為“送某人到門口”。注意，其中的介詞 to 不可省略，否則就成了 show sb the door(驅(qū)趕某人，下逐客令)。另外，也不要按漢語意思選A，因?yàn)閟end 通常表示派人送，而不表示親自送。
9. 選D，catch 在此表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，句中的 provided 用作連詞，意為“如果”。
10. 選C。既然書不夠，不能每人一本，所以有些人只能share(分享)了。
11. 選C。accept 意為“同意”、“接受”，注意不能選D，因?yàn)?agree 后不能直接跟名詞或代詞作賓語。
12. 選D。realize 在此的意思不是“實(shí)現(xiàn)”，而是指“使(不安、恐懼等)成為事實(shí)”。
13. 選A，work 在此的意思是“起作用”、“奏效”。
14. 選B。work 在此的意思是“運(yùn)作”、“運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”。
15. 選D。spend 和 cost 均可表示“花費(fèi)”，但句型不同：spend + 時(shí)間或金錢 + on sth (in doing sth)，cost + 某人或某機(jī)構(gòu) + 金錢或時(shí)間。
16. 選D。由句意和常識(shí)推知。
17. 選C。miss 指“錯(cuò)過”。
18. 選C，由句子的語境可推知。
19. 選A，save 指“省去(勞力等)”。
20. 選B。
21. 選A，expects 在此不是表示“期待”，而是表示“預(yù)料”。
22. 選C，achieve 意為“完成”、“做到”。其余三項(xiàng)均不能直接跟名詞或代詞作賓語。
高考英語詞語辨析：about與on的用法區(qū)別
兩者都可表示“關(guān)于”，區(qū)別是：about 指泛泛地或非正式地談?wù)撃呈拢湔務(wù)摰膬?nèi)容也較為普通;而 on 則指比較有系統(tǒng)地或理論性較強(qiáng)地論述某事，其論述的內(nèi)容較正式或較嚴(yán)肅。比較：
He wrote on mathematics. 他撰寫數(shù)學(xué)著作。
He wrote about the school. 他報(bào)道有關(guān)這所學(xué)校的情況。
It is a book on birds. 那是一本論及鳥類的書。(可能是一本學(xué)術(shù)著作)
It is a book about birds. 那是一本關(guān)于鳥類的書。(可能是一本供小孩看的故事書)
高考英語詞語辨析：after 與 behind 用法辨析
兩者均可表示“在……之后”，既有相同之處，也有不同之處。分述如下：
1. after 主要用于時(shí)間或次序，behind 主要用于位置。如：
He decided to leave after lunch. 他決定午飯后離開。
Summer comes after spring. 春去夏來。
The hospital is behind the post office. 醫(yī)院在郵局后面。
注：behind 有時(shí)也用于時(shí)間，表示“遲于”，主要用于 behind time(遲，晚)這一習(xí)語。如：
The train was 20 minutes behind time. 火車晚點(diǎn) 20 分鐘。
2. 兩者都可用于引申義，after 側(cè)重指追求、尋找、模仿等;而behind 則側(cè)重指在背后、支持、落后等。如：
The police are after her. 警察在追捕她。
Many young people are after her. 許多年青人都追求她。
We are behind you completely. 我們完全支持你。
He is behind the others in maths. 他的數(shù)學(xué)不如別人。
高考英語詞語辨析：after 與 in 用法的三點(diǎn)區(qū)別
1. 均可與一段時(shí)間連用，表示“在……之后”，但 after 表示以過去時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)的一段時(shí)間以后，因此通常與過去時(shí)連用;而 in 則表示從現(xiàn)在算起的一段時(shí)間以后，因此通常用于將來時(shí)或含有將來意義的句子。如：
He came back after three days. 3 天后他回來了。
I’ll come back in three days. 我 3 天后回來。
I think he can come back in three days. 我想他 3 天后可以回來。
2. after 除與一段時(shí)間連用外，還可與一點(diǎn)時(shí)間連用，此時(shí)可用于將來時(shí)(注：in 不能與一點(diǎn)時(shí)間連用)。如：
He will arrive after five o’clock. 他 5 點(diǎn)鐘以后到。
3. after 可以與某些表示活動(dòng)的名詞連用，表示“在……之后”(注：in 不能這樣用)。如：
after school 放學(xué)后 after the meeting 散會(huì)后
after liberation 解放后 after one’s graduation 畢業(yè)后
2014高考英語抓分訓(xùn)練：動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語辨析及答案詳解
2014高考英語抓分訓(xùn)練：動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語辨析
1.His friends suggest that he should take any job he can get and shouldn't________and choose.
A.pick B.take
C.start D.mind
2.The statement said five people died at the scene in this accident, while 15 others, their teacher included, were ________ dead by the afternoon.
A.convinced B.described
C.committed D.confirmed
3. The colour of that Tshirt ________ and made all the other clothes pink.
A.went B.disappeared
C.ran D.fell
4. It ________ unusual courage and determination to make the break with his family.
A.took B.needed
C.spent D.shared
5. Lucy has ________ all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.
A.acquired B.finished
C. concluded D.achieved
6. He has talents by which he might ___ _____ himself.
A.expose B.admire
C.distinguish D.hide
7.The US government on Wednesday ________ former Commerce Secretary Gary Locke as ambassador to China, making him the first ChineseAmerican ever to take the post.
A.accumulated B.reflected
C.distinguished D.confirmed
8. Miss Green often said “God helps those who help themselves”， intending to ________ on us the significance of being independent.
A.base B.impress
C.focus D.rely
9.One reason why the housing prices in big cities are going up all the time is that people are ________ into overcrowded cities in great numbers.[來源:www.shulihua.net]
A.breaking B.pouring[來源:www.shulihua.net]
C.filling D.squeezing
10.Do not fear them, for there is nothing covered that will not be ________， and nothing hidden that will not be made known.
A.criticized B.defined
C.estimated D.revealed
11.Learning to ________ makes it easier for one to get along with others in work and life.
A.create B.live
C.share D.learn
12.Recently the south of our country has been worst ________ by the drought.
A.impressed B.affected
C.expressed D.designed
13.Your daughter ________ to be a famous musician, so you should keep her practising the piano.
A.promises B.agrees
C.expects D.pretends
14.It's no surprise she's leaving the course—she's never really________.
A.fitted in B.showed up
C.given in D.burnt up
15.I listened carefully to his long b oring speech, but could not ________ what he was talking abou t.
A.pick out B.bri ng out
C.make out D.give out
16.—Did you see Jay Chou at his album signing?
—Not really.We waited in line for an hour, only to be ________ at the door.
A.turned away B.turned out
C.turned off D.turned up
17. Whenever I look at these photos, they will ________ happy memories of my stay in New York.
A.call off B.call for
C.call up D.call on
18. The secretary has a lot of things to ________ in the office since she has been away for quite a few days.
A.take up B.make up
C.work out D.carry out
19.It is so noisy in the restaurant and hard for us to________a conversation.
A.go on B.keep on
C.carry on D.take on
20.—Shall I ________ the raincoat?
—No hurry. Leave it where it is. It looks like rain.
A.put away B.put on
C.put forward D.put up
21. A wellwritten composition ________ good choice of words and clear organization.
A.calls on B.call s for
C.calls up D.calls off
22.—Why are you ________ your things?
—Well, the fact is, I've decided to leave.
A.picking up B.packing up
C.putting up D.taking up
23.A cellphone could ________the energy which could activate your brain.
A.give away B.give off
C.give back D.give up
24. How much you earn is not very important.It is how you earn the money that ________.
A.counts B.values
C.minds D.means
25.That pretty girl really ________ my eye the moment the performance started.
A.caught B.held
C.pulled D.fixed
26. While prices are rising so fast, many people are working out ways to ________down their expenses.
A.cut B.put
C.turn D.settle
27.The China National Environmental Monitoring Centre________ air quality in urban areas from levels one to five: excellent, fairly good, slightly polluted, poor and dangerous.
A.distributes B.arranges
C.classifies D.divides
28. Some parents are just too protective. They want to ________ their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.
A.spot B.dismiss
C.shelter D.distinguish
29. My brother is very tall. The little bed won't ________ for him.
A.prepare B.match
C.fit D.do
30.—If your son keeps practising, he ________ to make a famous crosscountry skier in our province.
—I'm thrilled with joy and very grateful to you, Mr Li.
A.wants B.hopes
C.promises D.wishes
31.Both parents and teenagers should try their best to communicate more with each other and ________ the gap between them.
A.open B.adjust
C.narrow D.reduce
32.What you should do is just ________ the milk until it boils and then turn off the gas.
A.watch B.notice
C.sense D.attend
33.One primary goal of UNESCO is to ________ modern knowledge society in which all people can participate in information and knowledge.
A.make up B.polish up
C.build up D.give up
34.After decades of effort, the city is still trying to ________ how to ban smoking in public places.
A.look through B.get through
C.figure out D.take out
35.The public ________ Yuan Longping, a great mind who has devoted himself to the research into hybrid ri ce(雜交水稻).
A.live up to B.look up to
C.come up with D.put up with
36.—Jack can't concentrate on his lessons recently.
—Yes, that might ________ why he did so badly in the last test.
A.answer for B.apply for
C.account for D.call for
37.We did have a quarrel about money last night, but now we have already ________.
A.taken up B.made up
C.put up D.brought up
38.More and more rich people have promised to ________ their wealth after death to help the poor and the disabled.
A.give away B.give up
C.give out D.give off
39.It is reported that the police will soon ________ the case of the two missing children.
A.look upon B.look after
C.look into D.look out
40.The middleaged man said he would accept the job, so we have asked him to ________ his acceptance in writing.
A.confirm B.convey
C.convince D.consider
41.Remember to ________ a good state of mind even if you should fail plenty of times.
A.take up B.brush up
C.get up D.keep up
42.Had she ________ her promise，she would have made it to Yale University.
A.looked up to B.lived up to
C.kept up with D.come up with
43.Just as Professor Scotti often ________ it, success is ninetynine per cent of mental attitude.
A.gets B.makes
C.puts D.means
44.The keys were ________ to our neighbours du ring our absence.
A.given out B.given away
C.given over D.given up
答案詳解：
1.A 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他的朋友建議他應(yīng)該做他能得到的任何工作而不應(yīng)該挑挑揀揀。
2.D 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：有報(bào)告稱，5人在這次意外事故中當(dāng)場(chǎng)死亡，然而另外的15人包括他們的老師在內(nèi)截止到下午被證實(shí)死亡。be confirmed dead被證實(shí)死亡。
3.C 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。此處run意為“褪色”。句意：那件T恤衫的顏色掉了，把其他所有衣服都染成了粉紅色。
4.A 考查動(dòng)詞的用法。此處it為形式主語，后面的to make the break with his family是真正的主語。
5.D 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。此處achieve意為“完成，做到，獲得(勝利等)，達(dá)到(目的)”，指克服困難之后取得成功、成就或?qū)崿F(xiàn)預(yù)期的目標(biāo)，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。根據(jù)其賓語all of the goals可判斷出“Lucy達(dá)到/實(shí)現(xiàn)了所有的目標(biāo)”。acquire 取得，獲得;finish 完成，結(jié)束;conclude 結(jié)束，終止。
6.C 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。此處expose 意為“揭露，揭發(fā);使曝光;顯示”;admire意為“欽佩;贊美”;distinguish 意為“區(qū)分;辨別;使杰出，使表現(xiàn)突出 ”;hide 意為“隱藏;隱瞞”。句意：他有一些別于常人的能力。
7.D 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。此處confirm sb as意為“任命某人為……”。句意：星期三美國(guó)政府任命原商務(wù)部部長(zhǎng)Gary Locke為中國(guó)大使，使他成為第一個(gè)擔(dān)任這個(gè)職位的美籍華人。
8.B 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。此處impress on sb sth意為“使……意識(shí)到某事”。句意：格林女士經(jīng)常說：“天助自助者”，她有意識(shí)地使我們意識(shí)到獨(dú)立的重要性。
9.B 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。此處pour into意為“涌向……”。句意：大城市房?jī)r(jià)一直上升的原因之一是人們大量地涌入過度擁擠的大城市。
10.D 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。criticize批評(píng);define限制;estimate估計(jì);reveal揭發(fā)，揭露。句意：不要害怕，沒有不被揭露的事情，任何隱藏的事情都得被人們知道。
11.C 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。create創(chuàng)造;live生活;share分享;learn學(xué)習(xí)。句意：學(xué)會(huì)分享可以使人在工作和生活中與他人相處得更容易。
12.B 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。impress刻印;affect影響;express表達(dá);design設(shè)計(jì)。句意：最近，我國(guó)南方受到了最嚴(yán)重的旱災(zāi)的影響。[來源:www.shulihua.netwww.shulihua.net]
13.A 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。此處promise表示“很可能，預(yù)示”。agree同意;expect期待;pretend假裝。句意：你女兒有可能成為著名的音樂家，所以你應(yīng)該讓她練習(xí)彈鋼琴。
14.A 考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。fit in適應(yīng)，合得來;show up 出現(xiàn)，露面;give in屈服;burn up燒光。句意：她離開這個(gè)課程一點(diǎn)兒也不奇怪。她從來沒有真正適應(yīng)過。
15.C 考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。此處make out意為“弄明白”。句意：我仔細(xì)地聽了他冗長(zhǎng)而令人厭煩的演講，但沒能明白他在講什么。
16.A 考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。此處turn away意為“拒絕”。句意：……我們排隊(duì)等了一個(gè)小時(shí)，結(jié)果在門口被拒絕了。
17.C 考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。此處call up意為“喚起”。句意：每當(dāng)我看到這些照片，它們就會(huì)喚起我在紐約的美好回憶。
18.B 考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。 句意：秘書要把辦公室留下的許多事補(bǔ)回來，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)外出好多天了。make up“彌補(bǔ)”，符合語境。take up占據(jù);work out算出;carry out執(zhí)行。都不合句意。
19.C 考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。此處carry on意為“繼續(xù)”。句意：飯店太吵鬧了，我們很難繼續(xù)談話。
20.A 考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。此處put away意為“把……收起”。句意：“我把雨衣收起來好嗎?”“不急。把它放在原處。天看起來要下雨�！�
21.B 考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：一篇寫得好的文章需要好的措詞和清晰的結(jié)構(gòu)。此處call for意為“需要”。
22.B 考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。此處pack up意為“收拾”。句意：“你為什么收拾你的東西?”“事實(shí)是我決定離開�！�
23.B give away 捐贈(zèng); give off 發(fā)出，放出;give back 歸還;give up 放棄。故選B。
24.A 考查 動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：你掙多少錢不重要，重要的是你怎樣掙錢。
25.A 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。此處catch one's eye意為“吸引某人的眼球，引起某人的注意”。
26.A 考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。cut down削減，縮短，砍倒;put down放下，寫下，批評(píng)，奚落，貶損;turn down關(guān)小，調(diào)低，拒絕;settle down安頓下來。與費(fèi)用(expenses)有關(guān)時(shí)，常用削減(cut down)費(fèi)用。句意：當(dāng)價(jià)格飛漲時(shí)，許多人做出了削減費(fèi)用的舉措。故A為最佳答案。
27.C 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：國(guó)家環(huán)境監(jiān)控中心把城市空氣質(zhì)量分成五級(jí)……。cla ssify 表示“分類”，故選C項(xiàng)。distribute 分配，散布;arrange 安排;divide 分割，分開。
28.C 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)前一句中的內(nèi)容可知父母想給孩子提供“庇護(hù)”，讓他們避免各種危險(xiǎn)，無論是真實(shí)的，還是想象的。spot認(rèn)出，發(fā)現(xiàn); dismiss開除，解散; distinguish區(qū)分。都不符合語意。shelter…from… 保護(hù)……免受(危險(xiǎn)等)。
29.D 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。do for sb意思是“適合……，對(duì)……有效”。
30.C 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。此處promise意為“有希望成為……”。句意：“如果你的兒子堅(jiān)持訓(xùn)練，他有望成為我們省著名的跨國(guó)飛行員。”“我非常高興，也很感激你，李老師�！�
31.C 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。此處narrow意為“縮小，使……變窄”。
32.A 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。watch關(guān)注;notice注意到;sense感覺;attend參加。句意：你應(yīng)該做的事就是看著牛奶直到它開了，然后關(guān)掉煤氣。
33.C 考查動(dòng)詞短語。題意：建立現(xiàn)代化的知識(shí)社會(huì)，讓所有人都能參與信息與知識(shí)，是聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織的主要目標(biāo)之一。build up建立;make up彌補(bǔ)，虛構(gòu)，整理，和解，化妝;polish up改善，潤(rùn)色;give up放棄。
34.C 考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。look through看穿，瀏覽;get through做完，通過;figure out解決，想出辦法;take out拿出，取出。句意：經(jīng)過幾十年的努力，這座城市仍然在試圖解決如何禁止在公共場(chǎng)合吸煙的問題。
35.B 考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。根據(jù)語意“人們尊敬袁隆平，這位全身心地投入雜交水稻研究的偉人”可知選B項(xiàng)。look up to 尊敬;live up to 不辜負(fù)，達(dá)到;come up with 提出，想到;put up with 容忍，忍受。
36.C 考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。語境：那有可能是他上次考試考得如此糟糕的原因。account for 是……的原因，說明，解釋;answer for 對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé);apply for 向……申請(qǐng);call for 需要。
37.B 考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：昨天晚上我們確實(shí)因?yàn)殄X的問題吵了一架，但現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)和好了。注意關(guān)鍵信息did have a quarrel和but。take up占據(jù)(時(shí)、空)，從事;make up彌補(bǔ)，和解;put up舉起，張貼;bring up教育，培養(yǎng)，提出。根據(jù)句意可知B項(xiàng)正確。
38.A 考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。give away分發(fā);give up放棄;give out 用完，分發(fā)，發(fā)出;give off發(fā)出(氣味，熱、光等)。句意：越來越多的富人承諾他們死后把他們的財(cái)產(chǎn)分發(fā)下去以幫助窮人及殘疾人。
39.C 考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，警察很快會(huì)調(diào)查兩名失蹤兒童的案件。look into調(diào)查;look upon尊敬; look after照看; look out小心。
40.A 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。confirm承認(rèn)，確認(rèn);convey傳遞;convince說服;consider 考慮。根據(jù)句意選A。
41.D 考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。此處keep up意為“保持”。句意：即使你失敗多次，你也要記得保持良好的心態(tài)。
42.B 考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：如果她不辜負(fù)她的諾言的話，她會(huì)成功地進(jìn)入耶魯大學(xué)。
43.C 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。此處put意為“說，表達(dá)”。句意：正如Scotti教授所說，成功取決于99%的精神態(tài)度。
44.C 考查動(dòng)詞短語的用法。句意：當(dāng)我們不在時(shí)，我們把鑰匙交給了我們的鄰居。此處give over意為“交給”。
高考英語二輪語法名詞辨析及試題集
一、考點(diǎn)聚焦
1.可數(shù)名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)變化形式
�。�1）規(guī)則變化。
�、賳螖�(shù)名詞詞尾直接加-s。如：boy - boys, pen - pens。
�、谝詓、x 、ch 、sh結(jié)尾的單詞一般加-es。如：glass - glasses,box- boxes, watch - watches, brush - brushes。
特例：stomach - stomachs
③以"輔音字母 + y"結(jié)尾的變"y"為"i"再加"-es"。如：
baby - babies, lady - ladies, fly - flies。
�、芤�"o"結(jié)尾的多數(shù)加-es。如：tomato - tomatoes, potato - potatoes, hero - heroes。但以兩個(gè)元音字母結(jié)尾的名詞和部分外來詞中以o結(jié)尾的詞只加-s。
如：radio - radios, zoo - zoos, photo - photos, piano - pianos, kilo - kilos, tobacco - tobaccos。
�、菀�"f"或"fe"結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式變"f"或"fe"為"v"，之后再加-es。
如：wife - wives, life - lives, knife - knives, wolf- wolves, self - selves, leaf - leaves等。
特例：handkerchief- handkerchiefs, roof - roofs, chief - chiefs, gulf - gulfs, belief - beliefs, cliff - cliffs。
�、薷淖�?cè)糇帜傅�。如：man - men, mouse - mice, foot - feet, woman - women, tooth - teeth, goose - geese, ox - oxen。特例：child - children。
⑦復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
�。ˋ）在復(fù)合詞中最后名詞尾加-s。
如：armchair - armchairs, bookcase - bookcases, bookstore - bookstores。
�。˙）man和woman作定語修飾另一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，前后兩個(gè)名詞都要變成復(fù)數(shù)。
如：man doctor - men doctors, woman driver - women drivers。
�。–）與介詞或副詞一起構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞應(yīng)在主體名詞部分加-s。
如：brother-in-law - brothers-in-law, passer-by - passers-by。
�、嘤械拿~有兩種復(fù)數(shù)形式。
如：zero - zeros 、zeroes; penny的兩種復(fù)數(shù)形式含義有所不同：pence（便士的錢數(shù)），pennies(便士的枚數(shù))。
（2）不規(guī)則變化。
�、賳�、復(fù)數(shù)同形。
如：means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese,Japanese, sheep, works（工廠）,cattle。
�、诤铣擅~的復(fù)數(shù)。
如：boy-friend - boy-friends, go-between- go-betweens(中間人)，grown-up - grown-ups。
③有些名詞通常只用作復(fù)數(shù)。
如：glasses眼鏡，clothes衣服，goods貨物，trousers褲子，belongings所有物,wages工資，riches財(cái)富, surroundings環(huán)境，ashes灰塵, compasses圓規(guī)，cattle家畜，congratulations祝賀，have words with sb. 同某人吵架，in high spirits 以很高熱情地，give one's regards to sb.向某人問侯，in rags衣衫破爛，It is good manners to do sth.有禮貌做某事。
�、芗w名詞的數(shù)。有些集體名詞通常只用作復(fù)數(shù)，
如：people, cattle, police; 有些名詞只用作單數(shù)，如：machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery;
有些名詞既可用作單數(shù)又可用作復(fù)數(shù)，單數(shù)看做整體，復(fù)數(shù)看做集體的各個(gè)成員。
如：The crew is large.船員人數(shù)很多（指整體）；The crew are all tired.船員們都累壞了（個(gè)體）。
2、不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)
（1）一般說來抽象名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，但當(dāng)抽象名詞表示具體的東西時(shí)，可用作可數(shù)名詞且詞義發(fā)生變化，主要類型如下：
�、俪橄竺~表示具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、感情情緒的人或事。如：
抽象名詞（不可數(shù)） 具體化（個(gè)體名詞，可數(shù)名詞）
in surprise驚訝地 a surprise一件令人驚訝的事
win success獲得成功 a success一個(gè)(件)成功的人(事)
win honor贏得榮譽(yù) an honor一個(gè)(件)引以為榮的(事)
Failure(失敗)is the mother of success 失敗是成功之母。 a failure失敗者
by experience靠經(jīng)驗(yàn) an experience一次經(jīng)歷
youth青春 a youth一個(gè)青年人
have pity on sb.憐憫某人 a pity可惜的事情 with pleasure樂意
a pleasure樂事
�、诔橄竺~與a(an)連用，淡化了抽象概念，轉(zhuǎn)化為似乎可以體驗(yàn)到的動(dòng)作、行為或類別。如：
A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.
Would you like to have a walk(swim, bath, talk)with me?
It is waste of time reading such a novel.
She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.
(2)物質(zhì)名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，但表示數(shù)量或種類之多時(shí)，可以用作可數(shù)名詞。如：
�、傥镔|(zhì)名詞有形或數(shù)的相應(yīng)物體，有單、復(fù)數(shù)。
如：some coffee一些咖啡，a coffee一杯咖啡，three coffees三杯咖啡，some drink一些飲料, a drink一杯飲料，three drinks三杯飲料，his hair他的頭發(fā)，a few grey hairs幾根白發(fā)，glass玻璃，a glass一只玻璃杯。
②物質(zhì)名詞有前置后置修飾時(shí)，前面要使用不定冠詞。
have breakfast The road is covered with snow.
have a wonderful breakfast They have a heavy snow every year.
Time and tide wait for no man.
We had a wonderful time last night.
(3)有復(fù)數(shù)形式的不可數(shù)名詞
�、儆行┏橄竺~往往以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，起到一種豐富語言感情色彩或強(qiáng)調(diào)某種特殊狀態(tài)的作用。如：
Use your brains, please.
They have smoothed away the difficulties.
Have you made preparations for tomorrow's meeting?
Many thanks for your kindness.
No pains, no gains.
After many failures, they finally succeeded.
②有些物質(zhì)名詞以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，表示數(shù)量之多，范圍之廣。如：
The boy burst into tears at the bad news.
The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops.
The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains.
3.名詞所有格
�。�1）"'s"所有格的特殊表示形式有：
�、� 用于表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、重量等的名詞后，
如：today's newspaper,five minutes'walk(drive),five pounds'weight, ten dollars'worth of coffee
②用于表示國(guó)家、世界、城市等地方的名詞后。
如：the earth's planet, the word's population, China's industry, New York's parks。
�。�2）"of"所有格的特殊表示方式有：
�、俦硎�"部分"時(shí)，一般在所修飾的名詞前有一個(gè)表示數(shù)量的詞（a、two、several、some、no、many等），
如：Some students of Mister Zhang's have gone to college.張老師的一些學(xué)生已經(jīng)上大學(xué)了。
②表示"其中之一，其中一部分"的意思時(shí)，用：a friend of Tom's湯姆的一個(gè)朋友（許多朋友中的一位）。
�、郾硎举潛P(yáng)、批評(píng)或厭惡等感情色彩時(shí)，應(yīng)該用：that/this/these/those + 名詞（單、復(fù)數(shù)）of Mary's/yours/his/hers。如：
That invention of hers belongs to the world. 她的那項(xiàng)發(fā)明是屬于全世界的（表贊賞）。
4、名詞作定語
英語中有些名詞沒有其對(duì)應(yīng)的同根形容詞，這些名詞可以直接用來作定語修飾另一個(gè)名詞。
�。�1）分類意義。
air pollution 空氣污染 boy friend 男朋友
coffee cup咖啡杯 income tax所得稅
tennis ball網(wǎng)球 song writer歌曲作家
body language身體語言 road accident交通事故
Nobel Prize諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)
（2）時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、稱呼等。
Doctor Jack杰克醫(yī)生 Professor Li李教授
evening school夜校 winter sleep冬眠
street dance 街舞 country music鄉(xiāng)村音樂
village people村民 school education學(xué)校教育
China problem中國(guó)問題
�。�3）表目的、手段、來源，所屬意義。
reception desk接待臺(tái) sports field田徑場(chǎng)
stone table石桌 color TV彩電
weather report天氣預(yù)報(bào)
二、精典名題導(dǎo)解
選擇填空
1. It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a science. (NMET 2001)
A.an art much as B.much an art as
C.as an art much as D.as much an art as
解析：答案為D。當(dāng)名詞前有what、so、as、too、quite等詞修飾時(shí)，其形容詞被這些詞修飾，組成下列結(jié)構(gòu)，如：What a nice book! This is too heavy a box for me to carry. He is not as honest a boy as Mike.等，應(yīng)采取too/how + 形容詞（副詞）+ a(an) + 名詞的形式。要記住一些類似的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)，并加以分析。
2. The police are offering a __________to anyone who can give information about the lost key.（NMET 1999）
A.price B.prize C.reward D.money
解析：答案為C。price 價(jià)格，價(jià)錢；prize獎(jiǎng)金。Ｄ項(xiàng)是錢，屬不可數(shù)名詞，題中所要填的是"酬金，報(bào)酬"。注意正確理解名詞的含義及其搭配是活用語言的基礎(chǔ)，在復(fù)習(xí)備考中要熟練掌握考綱中一些名詞的詞義、搭配、習(xí)慣等，才能更好辨析名詞，從而選擇最符合句意的選項(xiàng)。
3.You'll find this map of great _____________in helping you to get round London（NMET 1998）
A.price B.cost C.value D.usefulness
解析：答案為C。本題考查特定語境中名詞的詞義及"be of + 抽象名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)。Price (價(jià)格)，cost（價(jià)錢，費(fèi)用，成本）不符合題意，value作"quality of being useful or desirable"解時(shí)，常與of搭配，在句中作表語或補(bǔ)語，意為"有用，有價(jià)值"。故選擇value。注意名詞詞義辨異及慣用法表達(dá)，題中"of + 抽象名詞"相當(dāng)于該名詞的形容詞形式。
練習(xí)：名詞
1. The ____ of the room were covered with ____.
A. roofs, leafs B. roofs, leaves C. rooves, leafs D. rooves, leaves
2. There are three ____ in our factory.
A. woman doctors B. women doctors C. woman doctor D. women doctor
3. Which do you prefer ____ or ____?
A. potatos, tomatos B. potatos, tomatoes C. potatoes, tomatos D. potatoes, tomatoes
4. They are ____ of different presses(出版社). Now they are having a meeting in one of the ____ office.
A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chief's
B. editors-in-chief, editor-in-chief's
C. editors-in-chiefs, editor's-in-chief's
D. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chief's
5. The ant has two ____.
A. stomaches B. stomacks C. stomach D. stomachs
6. He doesn't like ____ for supper.
A. chick B. chicken C. chickens D. chicks
7. It was ____ hot weather that many of us went swimming.
A. so B. such C. so as D. such a
8. ____ wonderful space they saw on the room!
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
9. We know ____ travels not so fast as light.
A. sound B. sounds C. the sounds D. a sound
10. My family raise a lot of ____, including two ____.
A. cattle, cows B. cows, cattle C. cattles, cows D. cow, cattles
11. A number of soldiers ____ at he camp gate（軍營(yíng)門口）.
A. have gathered B. has gathered C. is D. was
12. The Browns have spent a large ____ of money on their new car.
A. deal B. amount C. number D. size
13. ____ work has been done to improve the people's living standard.
A. Many B. A great many
C. A great deal of D. A number of
14. Mr Li shook ____ warmly with a friend.
A. hand B. a hand C. hands D. the hands
15. Two ____, please.
A. coffee B. coffees C. cup of coffee D. cups coffee
16. I can't pay as ____ as he asked for.
A. high price a B. high price
C. a high price D. high a price
17. ____ knowledge of space develops rapidly.
A. Man's B. Men's C. Mens' D. Person's
18.I stayed at ____.
A. Xiao Wang's B. Wang's home C. the Wangs D. home of Wang
19. Sister Carrie works in a ____ factory.
A. shoes B. shoses C. shoe D. shoe's
20. Have you ever read ____?
A. today newspaper B. newspaper today C. newspaper of today D. today's newspaper
21. Two ____ walk didn't made me tired.
A. hour B. hours C. hour's D. hours'
22. The mother over there is ____ mother.
A. Julia and Mary B. Julia and Mary's C. Julia's and Mary's D. Julia's and Mary
23. Li Ming's handwriting is better than ____ in the class.
A. anyone's B. anyone else C. anyone's else's D. anyone else's
24. The children are playing ____ on the ____.
A. sand, sand B. sands, sands C. sand, sands D. sands, sand
25. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller ____.
A. set B. one C. copy D. pair
26. Tom usually takes a ____ in bus on rainy days.
A. walk B. ride C. trip D. travel
27. We have no ____ about where she has gone.
A. information B. news C. message D. flash
28. Food and ____ are daily necessities（需要）for the people.
A. cloth B. clothe C. clothes D. clothing
29. My ____ of hearing is not so good as it used to be.
A. strength B. sense C. power D. skill
30. The ____ caused by carelessness ____ yesterday. Many workers were killed.
A. incident, was happened B. matter, happened
C. event, was taken place D. accident, took place
31. The room was so quiet that she could hear the ____ of her heart.
A. beating B. ways C. knocking D. striking
32. ____ has been told not to throw waste things anywhere.
A. The public B. People C. Women D. Man
33. He was an ____ in the government ____.
A. office, official B. official, office C. officer, office D. official, officer
34. There are several ____ in this novel who are different in ____.
A. character, character B. characters, characters
C. character, characters D. characters, character
35. We visited him ____ when he was in hospital.
A. every other days B. each other day C. every other day D. every two day
36. My friend will return in ____.
A. one day or two B. a day or two C. one day or two D. a or two days
37. ____ is always difficult for me.
A. Translation B. Translate C. The translation D. A translation
38. ____ of this novel is excellent, quite to my surprise.
A. Translation B. Translate C. The translation D. A translation
39. The police ____ looking into the matter now.
A. be B. is C. are D. are going to
40. The Chinese are ____ brave and hard working people.
A. the B. a C. / D. one
41. No news ____ good news.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
42. Maths still ____ very difficult for me, though I have done my best.
A. looks B. seems C. is D. are
43. "Where ____ my trousers?" the boy asked.
A. is B. was C. were D. are
44. How happy they are! Obviously, they are ____.
A. in nice spirits B. in nice spirit C. in high spirits D. in high spirit
45. I saw many ____ seated in the corner reading something.
A. Japanese B. Japaneses C. of Japanese D. of Japaneses
46. Father went to his doctor for ____ about his heart trouble.
A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices
47. We are ____ and they are ____.
A. Englishmen, Germans
B. Englishmen, German
C. Englishmans, Germans
D. Englishmen, Germen
48. ____ are made of ____.
A. A glass, a glass B. Glasses, glass C. The glass, the glass D. Glasses, glasses
49. I'll have to buy ____ trousers.
A. a B. two C. a pair of D. a couple of
50. There are two ____ in our class.
A. Liu B. Lius C. Liu's D. Lius'
51. ____ is needed in cold countries.
A. A lot of clothes B. Much clothing
C. Many a cloth D. Lots of clothes
52. They are ____.
A. mathematics student
B. mathematic students
C. students in mathematics
D. mathematics students
53. The laboratory assistant recorded the ____ reactions（反應(yīng)）.
A. mouses' B. mice C. mices' D. mice's
54. This letter was sent by ____.
A. my father friend
B. my father friend's
C. a friend of my father's
D. a friend of my father
55. Ten years had passed. I found she had ____.
A. a little white hair
B. some white hair
C. a few white hair
D. a few white hairs
56. I have made ____ with Billy.
A. friends B. friend C. a friend D. the friend
57. The population of Beijing is ____ than that of Xi'an.
A. more B. larger C. fewer D. small
58. There are thirty-two ____ in our school.
A. woman teacher B. women teacher
C. women teachers D. woman teachers
59. He had tried everything but it made little____ .
A. use B. good C. difference D. result
60. You must get there within half an hour. There should be no____ in sending the blood to the dying man.
A. wait B. delay C. time D. hurry
61. Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any___ .
A. excuse B. sense C. use D. value
62. -How dare you play on such thin ice? -Playing on ice is not my ___of spare time.
A. idea B. thought C. mind D. intention
63. Helen said she would like to go to Atlanta by air, but I wonder if she has enough money to pay for the____ .
A. travel B. tourism C. journey D. course
64. One splendid mountain____ followed another during our journey from Mieheel more to Rurunz.
A. view B. glance C. screen D. scene
65.The new law will come into ___on the day it is passed. (1999上海)
A. effect B. use C. service D. existence
66. When you play' football, what ______do you play?
A. situation B. place C. part D. position
67. It's important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the______in language studies.
A. situation B. expression C. condition D. translation
68. I wrote him a letter to show my ______of his thoughtfulness.
A. achievement B. agreement C. view D. appreciation
69. One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high-rise is that you can get a good______ .
A. sight B. scene C. view D. look
70. Nowadays natural gas, wind and other forms of ______are widely used in the country.
A. energy B. force C. power D. materials
71. ______with foreign countries can bring us much information about the world.
A. Contrast B. Competition C. Contact D. Combination
72. We all know that______speak louder than words.
A. movements B. performances C. operations D. actions
73.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into ___.(NMET1997 38)
A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed
74.We've missed the last bus. I'm afraid we have no ____but to take a taxi.(Met 1993 ,33)
A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection
75.He dropped the ___and broke it . (Met 1993, 38)
A. cup of coffee B. coffee's cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup
76.Here's my card. Let's keep in ____. (NMET1994 ,33)
A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship
77.He gained his ___by printing ___of famous writers.(NMET1995,40)
A. wealth; work B. wealths ; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works
78.I'll look into the matter as soon as possible , just have a little ___.(MET 1996 ,10)
A. wait B. time C. patience D. rest
79.If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a ____.(NMET1997,18)
A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice
80.These football players had no strict ___until they joined our club. (1997.上海 20)
A. practice B. education C. exercise D. training
81.Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of ___.(1996.上海.15)
A. energy B. source C. power D. material
82.You'll find this map of great __in helping you to get round London.(NMET 1998 21)
A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness
83.We all know that ___speak louder than words.(1999.上海 24)
A. movements B. performances C. operations D. actions
84.My parents always let me have my own ____of living. (1999.上海25)
A. way B. method C. manner D. fashion
Key:
1~5 BBDDD 6~10 BBCAA 11~15 ABCCB 16~20 DAACD 21~25 DBDCD
26~30 BADBD 31~35 AABDC 36~40 BACCB 41~45 ABDCA 46~50 BABCB
51~55 BDDCD 56~60 ABCCB 61~65 BACAA 66~70 DADCA 71~75 CDCBD
76~80 ADCAD 81~84 ACDA
2006全國(guó)各省市高考試卷中的名詞試題:
1．(全國(guó)卷2)11. It is no _______ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.
A. use B. help C. time D. way
2．(上海春)41. Put the ___ of your tongue against your upper teeth when you produce the sound.
A. tip B. top C. peak D. pole
3．(天津卷)15. Finding information in today's world is easy. The is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.
A. ability B. competition C. challenge D. knowledge
4．(遼寧卷)32.School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous .
A. states B. conditions C. situations D. positions
5．(江西卷)28．It is said that dogs will keep you _________ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.
A. safety B. company C. house D．friend
6．(福建卷)35.Always read the _______ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.
A. explanations B. instructions
C. descriptions D. introductions
7．(湖北卷)21. To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their _____ and weaknesses.
A. strengths B. benefits C. techniques D. values
8．(湖北卷)23. The ______on his face told me that he was angry.
A. impression B. sight C. appearance D. expression
9．(湖北卷)24. At the meeting they discussed three different ______to the study of mathematics.
A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways
10．(廣東卷)34. You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of .
A. date B. shape C. order D. balance
11．(浙江卷) --- If you like I can do some shopping for you.
--- That's a very kind ________.
A. offer B. service C. point D. suggestion
12．(北京卷)23. She went to the bookstore and bought _________.
A. dozen books B. dozens books
C. dozen of books D. dozens of books
參考答案: AACCB BADAB 11-12 AD
【拓展內(nèi)容】
英語中動(dòng)詞的用法總結(jié)：
一，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞
有實(shí)在的意義，表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，在句子中能獨(dú)立作謂語。
實(shí)義動(dòng)詞可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞兩大類。
及物動(dòng)詞：后面必須跟賓語意義才完整的叫及物動(dòng)詞。
不及物動(dòng)詞：本身意義完整,后面不需跟賓語的叫不及物動(dòng)詞。
及物動(dòng)詞常用句型：
1，主語+謂語+賓語
2，主語+謂語+間賓+直賓
3，主語+謂語+賓語+賓補(bǔ)
不及物動(dòng)詞常用句型：主語+謂語
二，連系動(dòng)詞
用來連接主語和表語，連系動(dòng)詞后面常為形容詞。
�、� 常用的連系動(dòng)詞有：be、become、go、turn、look，grow，feel，fall、sit、get，seem等。
�、� 有些連系動(dòng)詞來源于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，意思也跟著變化，如：grow(生長(zhǎng)→變得)、look(看→看起來)、get(得到、到達(dá)→變得)、smell(聞→聞起來)、taste(嘗→嘗起來)、grow(生長(zhǎng)→變得)。不同的是，作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面不能跟形容詞。
三，助動(dòng)詞
�、� 常見的助動(dòng)詞有：用于進(jìn)行時(shí)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的be，用于完成時(shí)的have，用于將來時(shí)的will，shall和用于一般時(shí)的do。
�、� 使用時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞必須同主語的人稱和數(shù)一致，也就是說因主語人稱、數(shù)的
不同而采用不同的形式，其中有些助動(dòng)詞也可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如：shall，will，should，would。
四，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
常見的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can、may、must、shall、will、need等;另外，have to，had better也當(dāng)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面必須加動(dòng)詞的原形。
�、� 表示“可能、許可、能力”(can/ could， may/ might) may/ might 比較正式 can 表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事實(shí)再次發(fā)生的可能性;may/ might表示未知的可能性。 can/ could表示“能力”時(shí)，通常可以和be able to互換;但表示將來具有的能力或是過去有能力并成功做了某事時(shí)，只能用be able to。
�、� 表示“必須”(must, have to) must 用來指一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來時(shí);過去時(shí)可用have to的過去時(shí)代替。 must 表示主觀思想;have to 表示客觀需要。否定形式：mustn’t 表示“禁止”，not have to 表示“不必”。
�、� 表示“敢于……”(dare) ，主要用于否定句或疑問句中。
�、� 表示“建議”(shall， may/ might， (just) as well)
�、� 表示“需要”(need)
needn’t + have done用于評(píng)論過去已發(fā)生的事情，表示過去做了沒有必要做的事情，含有“不必”之意，暗指時(shí)間和金錢的浪費(fèi)。
�、� 表示“義務(wù)，責(zé)任，勸告，建議”(should, ought to)
ought to 通常表示現(xiàn)在，目前發(fā)生的事。
ought to/ should have done指過去的動(dòng)作，表示一件事情該做而未做。
ought to/ should not have done表示不該做的卻做了。
�、� 表示“意愿或習(xí)慣”(will/ would, shall/ should)
will / would表示主語的意愿或習(xí)慣
would和used to都可以表示一種過去的習(xí)慣。
would 主要用于回憶過去;used to主要用于與現(xiàn)在對(duì)比，表示已經(jīng)不存在的狀態(tài)
shall/ should表示主語以外其他人的意愿，強(qiáng)調(diào)一種要求。
shall用于第二、第三人稱，表示強(qiáng)烈愿望，表示命令，警告，允諾。含有一定要他人做某事之意。
英語動(dòng)詞短語的四種類型及用法：
一、動(dòng)詞+副詞
有的一般不跟賓語，如go ahead, fall behind, get up, lie down, go up, run out, give in, stay up等;有的可以跟賓語，如put out, carry out, give up, wake up, check in, eat up, fill in, find out, fix up, hand in, mix up, look up, make out, turn down, work out等。
注意：賓語是名詞時(shí)，放在副詞前面或后面都可以，但若作賓語的是人稱代詞時(shí)，就只能放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間了。如：
We’ve decided to put the meeting off (=put off the meeting) . 我們決定把會(huì)議推遲。
We’ve decided to put it off. 我們決定將它推遲。(不說put off it)
二、動(dòng)詞+介詞
如ask for, care for, call for, break into, deal with, call on, look for等。后面必須接賓語。如：
I don’t care for tea. 我不喜歡喝茶。
三、動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞
如look forward to, put up with, looked up to, go in for, go along with, date back to, look down on, keep up with, add up to, run out of等。如：
She soon caught up with us. 她很快趕上了我們。
四、動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞
如take care of, pay attention to, make use of, make contribution to做出貢獻(xiàn)等。如：
Take care of your brother while I am away. 我不在的時(shí)候，你要照顧好你弟弟。
英語動(dòng)詞不定式的用法總結(jié)：
不定式作表語
不定式可放在be動(dòng)詞后面，形成表語。例如：
My work is to clean the room every day.
His dream is to be a doctor.
不定式作定語
不定式做定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后。例如：
I have a lot of work to do.
So he made some candles to give light.
不定式作狀語
1)目的狀語
To… only to (僅僅為了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。
I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我來僅僅是向你告別。
2)作結(jié)果狀語，表事先沒有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。
What have I said to make you angry.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
3) 表原因
I’m glad to see you.
典型例題
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.
A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on
答案：B. 如果不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞與介詞連用時(shí)，常位于"形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)的末尾。
英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法歸納：
1. can 的用法：
(1).表示能力、許可、可能性。 表示能力時(shí)一般譯為“能、會(huì)”， 即有種能力，尤其是生來具備的能力，此時(shí)may 和must均不可代替它。如：She can swim fast, but I can’t . 她能游得很快，但我不能。I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。
(2).表示許可，常在口語中。如：You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。
(3).表示推測(cè)，意為“可能”， 常用于否定句和疑問句中， 此時(shí)can’t 譯為“ 不可能”。 如：Can the news be true? 這個(gè)消息會(huì)是真的嗎?—Can it be our teacher?那個(gè)人有可能是我們老師嗎?—No, it can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱們老師正在游覽長(zhǎng)城呢。
【例題】—I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. —No. She __be there, I have just been there. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.wouldn’t
【解析】根據(jù)下文“我剛?cè)ミ^那兒”可知，應(yīng)為“ 不可能”， can’t 表示推測(cè)[答案] A
2. could的用法：
(1).can的過去式，意為“ 能、 會(huì)”，表示過去的能力。如：He could write poems when he was 10. 他十歲時(shí)就會(huì)寫詩。
(2). could在疑問句中，表示委婉的語氣，此時(shí) could 沒有過去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour? 你能幫我個(gè)忙嗎?—Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的鋼筆嗎? —Yes, you can.可以。(注意回答)
3. may的用法：
(1).表示請(qǐng)求、許可，比can 正式，如：May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行車嗎?You may go home now. 現(xiàn)在你可以回家了。
【例題】—_______ I borrow your MP3? —Sure . Here you are. A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would
【解析】 在此處表示請(qǐng)求，意為“ 做……可以嗎”�！〈鸢福篈
(2) .表示推測(cè)，談?wù)摽赡苄裕鉃椤?可能， 或許”，一般用于肯定句中。 如：It may rain tomorrow . 明天可能會(huì)下雨。She may be at home. 她可能在家呢.
(3) .may的過去式為might ，表示推測(cè)時(shí)�？赡苄缘陀趍ay。 如：He is away from school. He might be sick.
他離開學(xué)校了，可能是他生病了。
(4) . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，�？勺g為“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V 例如：May you have a good time. 祝你過得愉快。May you be happy! 祝你幸福! May you succeed!祝你成功!
4. must的用法：
(1).must 表示主觀看法，意為“必須、一定”。 如：You must stay here until I come back.在我回來之前你必須呆在這兒。Must I hand in my homework right now? 我必須現(xiàn)在交作業(yè)嗎?
(2) 其否定形式mustn’t表示“ 一定不要 ” “千萬別” “禁止, 不許”. 如：You mustn’t play with fire. 你不許玩火。You mustn’t be late. 你一定不要遲到。
(3)對(duì)must引導(dǎo)的疑問句，肯定回答為must，否定回答為needn’t 或 don’t have to .如：—Must I finish my homework?我現(xiàn)在必須完成作業(yè)嗎?—No, you needn’t.不，你不必。
(4)must表示有把握的推測(cè)，用于肯定句。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.燈亮著，他現(xiàn)在肯定在家。
注意其反意問句的構(gòu)成形式：
當(dāng)must表示肯定的判斷、推測(cè)時(shí)，其反意疑問句要用實(shí)際問句的助動(dòng)詞來構(gòu)成。如：She must have seen the film before，hasn’t she?(注意反意疑問句的后半部分)You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday，didn’t you? (注意反意疑問句的后半部分)
5. need的用法：
(1).need 表示需要、必須，主要用于否定句和疑問句中，其否定形式為needn’t，意為“沒有必要，不必”。 用need 提問時(shí)，肯定回答為 must，否定回答為 needn’t或don’t have to。 如：—Need I stay here any longer? 我還有必要留在這兒?jiǎn)?—Yes, you must .是的�！狽o. you needn’t /don’t have to. 不， 你不必。
(2).need 還可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，如果是人作主語后邊多接動(dòng)詞不定式。如：I need to do it right now. 我需要馬上做這件事。He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那個(gè)女孩。
如果是物作主語，一般用need doing 與 need to be done這種情況下應(yīng)注意兩點(diǎn)：
�、�.主動(dòng)形式的動(dòng)名詞doing具有被動(dòng)的含義;
�、�.該動(dòng)名詞可以改為其動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式而句子的意義不變。
例如：The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted. 那扇門需要油漆一下。
Your car needs mending. = Your car needs to be repaired. 你的車需要維修了。
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