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一些《詩經(jīng)》里的詩英譯賞析
《詩經(jīng)》是中國古代詩歌開端,最早的一部詩歌總集,收集了西周初年至春秋中葉(前11世紀(jì)至前6世紀(jì))的詩歌。作為最早的一部是個總集,《詩經(jīng)》的翻譯版本很多,下面是小編整理的一些詩經(jīng)里的詩的英譯版本的賞析,歡迎閱讀!
《詩·王風(fēng)·采葛》
彼采葛兮。一日不見,如三月兮。
彼采蕭兮。一日不見,如三秋兮。
彼采艾兮。一日不見,如三歲兮。
理譯:There he is gathering the dolichos! Is like three seasons!
A day without seeing him There he is gathering the mugwort!
Is like three months! A day without seeing him
There he is gathering the oxtail-southerwood! Is like three years!
A day without seeing him
許譯:One Day when I See Her Not When her I do not see,
To gather vine goes she One day seems long as seasons three.
When her I do not see, To gather herbs goes she.
One day seems longer than months three. When her I do not see,
To gather reed goes she. One day seems longer than years three.
解析:該詩用重調(diào)疊詠的手法形象生動地描寫了相愛青年男女彼此思念的心情。全詩由三節(jié)組成,“一日不見”在每節(jié)重復(fù),其他行也只改動了一個字,情感程度逐漸加深。兩譯本都保留了原詩的重調(diào)疊詠,但實現(xiàn)的方式有所不同。理雅各直譯原詩的'每一個詞,詞序沒有發(fā)生任何變化,用詞與結(jié)構(gòu)與原詩完全一致,較為可惜的是沒有像原詩一樣押韻。許淵沖沒有字字對譯,對詞序做了靈活處理,以更好地傳遞原詩字里行間所表露出的深層含義和情感。對于第二節(jié)詠嘆部分“long as"稍作變動,全詩沒有完全一致采用 “longer than".
《采薇》節(jié)選
昔我往矣,楊柳依依。今我來思,雨雪霏霏。
理譯:And no one knows our sadness.
At first, when we set out,
The willows were fresh and green;
Now, when we shall be returing,
The snow will be falling in clouds.
許譯:When I left here,
Willows shed tear.
I come back now,
Snow bends the bough.
解析:兩種譯本通過不同的詩歌形式,都保留了原詩的意義。理雅各的.譯本提供了大量詳細(xì)注釋和評論,讀起來更像散文,具有很高的學(xué)術(shù)價值。而許淵沖的譯本通過運用韻律,在保留原詩美學(xué)的同時,韻腳工整,格律嚴(yán)格。
原詩結(jié)構(gòu)一致,講究押韻。理雅各嚴(yán)格遵守原詩的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和順序,但沒有押韻,讀起來更像是富有樂感散文。許淵沖煞費苦心來保留原詩音韻美,譯文韻律格式采用:AABBCC,每行四個音節(jié),雙行押韻,且語言力求簡短。
《國風(fēng)·召南·野有死麕》
野有死麕,白茅包之。有女懷春,吉士誘之。
林有樸樕,野有死鹿。白茅純束,有女如玉。
舒而脫脫兮,無感我?guī)溬,無使尨也吠。
理譯:In the wild there is a dead antelope, And it is bound round with the white grass.
And it is wrapped up with the white grass. There is a young lady like a gem.
There is a young lady with thoughts natural to the spring, [She says], Slowly, gently, gently;
And a fine gentleman would lead her astray. Do not move my handkerchief;
In the forest there are th scrubby oaks; Do not make my dog bark.
In the wild there is a dead deer,
許譯:An antelope is killed He sees the white-drest maid
And wrapped in white afield. As beautiful as jade.
A maid for love does long, “O soft and slow, weetheart,
Tempted by a hunter strong. Don't tear my sash apart!"
He cuts down trees amain The jadelike maid says,"Hark!
And kills a deer again. Do not let the dog bark.
解析:從譯文可以看出理譯和許譯對主題的理解十分不同。理雅各在注解中解釋說該詩告訴我們”一位貞潔的年輕女子如何抵御玩弄女性的騙子的.引誘。”理雅各認(rèn)為詩中的女子拒絕了男子的引誘,因此是個貞潔之人。而許淵沖持不同觀點,譯者認(rèn)為詩中前段“獵人獵殺一頭鹿,用白茅包好,作為禮物送給女子”便表明兩者認(rèn)識,女子并未拒接男子。
由于兩位譯者的翻譯目的不同,譯者自身的經(jīng)歷,時代環(huán)境等等諸多因素都大相徑庭,所以采取的翻譯方法也各不相同。兩種譯文各有所長,對于《詩經(jīng)》翻譯都有很高的借鑒意義和研究價值。
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