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大學(xué)英語(yǔ)自學(xué)教程(上冊(cè)) 筆記
The 10th lecture of College English one
Unit 8 Text B: What people Don’t Know about Air
We all know that without air, we couldn’t live. It’s like fish couldn’t live without water. But do you know if there weren’t air, we would have no sound, no wind or clouds? So if you are interested all of these, please read the text very carefully.
A.New words:
1.obvious: adj 明顯的，obviously: adv
2.shelter: n/v 掩蔽、庇護(hù)；shelter from sth
3.atmosphere：n 大氣；atmospheric: adj大氣的
4.electrical: adj 電的、電氣的；electricity: n 電；electrician: n 電工
5.existence: n 存在；exist: v存在
6.lightening: n 閃電，thunder:打雷；
7.unending: adj不盡的、不停的；ending
8.atomic: adj 原子的，atom: n 原子
9.explosion: n 爆炸、爆發(fā)；explode: v 爆炸；explosive: n 炸藥、adj爆炸性的
B.Grammar point: Subjunctive Mood (2)
第一講中介紹過(guò)在非真實(shí)條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主要用法，難點(diǎn)在于句子的時(shí)態(tài)比真實(shí)條件句的時(shí)態(tài)后退一步。即：現(xiàn)在時(shí)→過(guò)去時(shí)；過(guò)去時(shí)→過(guò)去完成時(shí)；將來(lái)時(shí)→過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)；在今天這講中將繼續(xù)將它在一些從句中的用法介紹給大家。
1在賓語(yǔ)從句中的用法：
1>.在suggest, insist, order, demand, request, command等含有希望、建議、命令等語(yǔ)氣的賓語(yǔ)從句中。（*） 句型：主語(yǔ) + should(省略) + 動(dòng)詞原形
a. I suggest that we (should) do it at once.
b. I insist that he (should) give up smoking.
2>.在wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而其時(shí)態(tài)的用法與非真實(shí)條件句一樣。（時(shí)態(tài)后移）
a.I wish I were you.(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望)
b.I wish I had learned more. (與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望)
c.I wish I would have another chance. (與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的愿望)
注意區(qū)分：wish + 從句：表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，必須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；而hope + 從句：表示可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
a.He hopes we’ll go there with him.
b.He wishes we would go there with him.
3>.在would rather后的從句中. 句型：主語(yǔ) + would rather + 從句（用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）
I would rather you stayed at home.
2.在主語(yǔ)從句中的用法。
在下列結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)必須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。見(jiàn)課本p542�？荚嚨目键c(diǎn)時(shí)should的省略。
3.在表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的用法。
當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句中那些使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞的名詞形式出現(xiàn)在表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中時(shí)，必須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。即，suggestion, order, insistence, demand, request etc.
a.My suggestion is that we (should) try again.(表語(yǔ)從句)
b.My suggestion that we (should) try again is accepted by them.（同位語(yǔ)從句）
4.在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法。
It is time + that + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)。
It is time that you left.
= It is tome for you to leave.
5.在含蓄條件句中的用法。
有時(shí)一個(gè)假設(shè)的情況并不是用條件從句表示，而用其它方式表示，稱含蓄條件句。
1>.用with, without介詞結(jié)構(gòu)代替條件從句。
We might have died you without your help.= We might have died if you hadn’t helped us.
2>.用相當(dāng)于if的其它連詞表示虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)。常見(jiàn)的連詞有：otherwise, in that case, on condition that, provided that, but for, etc.
a.I was busy last week, otherwise I would have come to see you.
= I as very busy last week. If I hadn’t been busy, I would have come to see you.
b.But for the storm, we should have arrived early.
= If we hadn’t met the storm, we should have arrived early.
6.在錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句中的用法。
有時(shí)非真實(shí)條件句中，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作和條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不是同時(shí)發(fā)生，這時(shí)可按照需要來(lái)調(diào)整各自的時(shí)間。
a. If you had followed the doctor’s advice then, you would have be all right now.
主句與從句發(fā)生的時(shí)間不同，進(jìn)行調(diào)整。
b. If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would have been all right then.
主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。
請(qǐng)注意：碰到這種從句要特別注意它的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，必須明確給出時(shí)間，否則按同時(shí)發(fā)生使用。
7.虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝與省略。
符合下列條件，可以省略if,并進(jìn)行倒裝。
①必須是非真實(shí)條件句。
�、谥挥挟�(dāng)從句中出現(xiàn)were, had, should時(shí)，才可省略if，并把這些詞放在主語(yǔ)之前。
a.If I should meet her, I would tell her.
= Should I meet her, I would tell her.
b.If I were in your position, I would do it better.
= Were I in your position, I would do it better.
請(qǐng)閱讀課本p539-p545，并完成課后練習(xí)。
看看本文中出現(xiàn)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句：
1. Without air, we could not exist.
2. If we didn’t have air, there would be no sound.
3. Without air, there would be no wind or clouds.
C. Important phrases in the text:
1.be important to sb(1段1行); 2.be forced to do(3段3行); 3.shelter from(3段3行); 4.consist of(5段1行); 5.rest upon(5段4行); 6.gazt at sth(6段5行); 7.in wonder(6段5行); 8.not…until(6段6行); 9.large amounts of(7段3行); 10. the same…as(8段3行); 11.learn to(9段1行); 12.in the meantime(9段3行); 13.pay attention to(9段4行); 14.add to(9段6行); 15.in order to(2段4行); 16.protect…from…(3段4行)
D.本文在寫(xiě)作時(shí)有一個(gè)非常明顯的特點(diǎn)，運(yùn)用了大量的同根詞，即在這句話中出現(xiàn)的是動(dòng)詞，在下句中就出現(xiàn)它的名詞或形容詞。我們總結(jié)一下：
1.exist→existence; 2.atmosphere→atmospheric; 3.pressure→press; 4.weigh→weight; 5.electric→electrical,electricity
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