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2017高考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練策略與技巧
高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí),很多同學(xué)都會(huì)把時(shí)間放在筆試部分復(fù)習(xí),因而對(duì)聽(tīng)力方面的復(fù)習(xí)并不是很重視,僅是利用很少的時(shí)間進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)。下面是yjbys小編為大家?guī)?lái)的高考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練策略與技巧的知識(shí),歡迎閱讀。
聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練策略與技巧:
(一)克服緊張、焦慮、急噪的情緒,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生果斷、自信的素質(zhì)
聽(tīng)力測(cè)試很大程度上反映出被測(cè)試者的心理素質(zhì)。緊張、焦慮、急噪容易產(chǎn)生恐懼心理,影響正常聽(tīng)力水平的發(fā)揮,從而導(dǎo)致反應(yīng)速度,大大降低把握信息的準(zhǔn)確性。因此,要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生果斷、自信的素質(zhì)。要做到這一點(diǎn),教師應(yīng)多鼓勵(lì)、及時(shí)表?yè)P(yáng)、幫助學(xué)生,不要輕易地指責(zé)他們。聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練材料的選擇要難易適中,循序漸進(jìn)。這樣才能使學(xué)生對(duì)聽(tīng)力不感到害怕,消除恐懼心理,提高心理素質(zhì)。
(二) 聽(tīng)前預(yù)猜
聽(tīng)力理解并不是“被動(dòng)”地接受,而應(yīng)當(dāng)是“主動(dòng)”與所接受的信息進(jìn)行“交流”。即利用已知的信息進(jìn)行分析、加工、歸納、預(yù)測(cè),以達(dá)到快速、準(zhǔn)確理解所接受信息的目的。
具體做法是:在聽(tīng)每一段對(duì)話前,要充分利用一切可利用的時(shí)間閱讀問(wèn)題和選項(xiàng)。除了聽(tīng)之前所給的5秒鐘外,在錄音機(jī)播放每一節(jié)的說(shuō)明時(shí),也必須抓緊時(shí)間讀題。讀題并不是說(shuō)把題目看懂就可以了,而是要根據(jù)題目中的選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。比如你讀到:
Where does this coversation happen?
A. In a shop B. In a museum C. In a job interview
你就應(yīng)預(yù)測(cè)到這些地方可能會(huì)提到的話題。如果是在商店,老板就不會(huì)去詢問(wèn)顧客以前的經(jīng)歷或在哪個(gè)地方上過(guò)學(xué)之類,而這些問(wèn)題在面試工作時(shí)就會(huì)問(wèn)到?傊黝愒掝}都有一定的詞匯范圍和一定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境,以及在這些特定的環(huán)境中要交流的信息,并在訓(xùn)練時(shí)多注意一些各類情景的常用語(yǔ),以便考試時(shí)能做出準(zhǔn)確地判斷。
(三)聽(tīng)中猜測(cè)
在聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中,往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)對(duì)某個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)聽(tīng)不清楚或?qū)ι舷挛牡哪硞(gè)環(huán)節(jié)一時(shí)難以理解而無(wú)法連貫這種情況,猜測(cè)往往能助上一臂之力。所以猜測(cè)可以是段落的,也可以是猜測(cè)關(guān)鍵詞的,還可以是猜測(cè)上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系的。如在這段對(duì)話中:
Tom: Did you stay in a hotel?
Sue: No, we camped in the mountains, near Snowtown. We cooked all our meals over an open fire.
測(cè)試題:Where did Sue spend the night in the country?
A. In a farm house. B. In the open. C. At a hotel.
在聽(tīng)上述對(duì)話中,如果camped一詞因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)速過(guò)快一時(shí)聽(tīng)不清,考生可根據(jù)cooked all our meals over an open fire 得知烹調(diào)不在室內(nèi)進(jìn)行,因此,B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
(四) 抓主題句、關(guān)鍵詞和信號(hào)詞
主題句揭示整個(gè)語(yǔ)篇的主要內(nèi)容。關(guān)鍵詞通常指聽(tīng)力材料中的實(shí)意詞,抓住關(guān)鍵詞有利于對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的理解。信號(hào)詞可分為表示轉(zhuǎn)折的but, however, yet等;表示順序的 first, second, then, finally等;表示原因和結(jié)果的 because, as, for, since,as a result等;表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的 indeed, in fact等。
例如,這樣一段錄音材料: Life was hard, but it was simple and people were happier。
測(cè)試題: What can we learn from what the speaker said?
A. He is a retired teacher of history.
B. He thinks children were happier in the past.
C. He thinks life is happier today.
根據(jù)材料中but的這一信號(hào)詞,可以得知昔日的生活盡管艱苦,但人們卻生活在快樂(lè)之中,因此選擇B選項(xiàng)順理成章。
在有些聽(tīng)力對(duì)話材料中,教師可提示學(xué)生關(guān)注答句,因?yàn)樵S多對(duì)話材料的主要內(nèi)容都由對(duì)話者以回答的形式予以表達(dá)的。如:
Jackie: What was the jeep like?
Nancy: Very cheap! It is second-hand.
It is about twelve years old and it's not very good…
Jackie: Tell me more.
Nancy: First of all, one of the front lights doesn't work and the driver's window is broken.
測(cè)試題: What do you know about Nancy's jeep?
A. It is really expensive. B. Its front lights don't work. C. It is 12 years old.
根據(jù)答語(yǔ)的信息,Very cheap, one of the front lights doesn't work, 確定選項(xiàng)為C。
(五)聽(tīng)后推斷
根據(jù)說(shuō)話者的語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)、用詞照句可推斷說(shuō)話者的主觀意圖,從說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)調(diào)變化或?qū)υ、?dú)白的上下文關(guān)系上可以推斷出正確的結(jié)論。如從Happy, glad, nice, wonderful, sad, surprised, depressed, angry等詞可推斷出說(shuō)話人 高興、贊揚(yáng)、傷心、驚訝、失望、憤怒等的情緒,從 sure, believe, agree, disagree, like, dislike, hate, wonder, doubt, oppose等詞的使用可推斷出說(shuō)話者的肯定、相信、同意、不同意、喜歡、不喜歡、討厭、納悶、懷疑、反對(duì)等個(gè)人意見(jiàn)。推斷既可借助有代表性的詞語(yǔ)來(lái)做出,也可根據(jù)上下文的關(guān)系來(lái)決定。如:
Tom: Did you like the people there?
Sue: Yes, they were great. We met some farmers and had tea in their houses.
測(cè)試題: What did Sue think of the people in the country?
A.They were strange. B.They were friendly C.They were happy.
盡管錄音中并沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)friendly一詞,但從great, had tea in their houses等信息中可推斷出那里人們是十分友好,所以選項(xiàng)為B.
(六)要學(xué)會(huì)邊聽(tīng)邊記
眾所周知,聽(tīng)力材料不像閱讀材料那樣可以重復(fù)看。因此,聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練就是培養(yǎng)聽(tīng)力記憶。但“好記性不如爛筆頭”,尤其在聽(tīng)短文或較長(zhǎng)的對(duì)話時(shí)更是這樣。所以速記在聽(tīng)力測(cè)試中非常重要,考生要使用自己認(rèn)識(shí)的、最簡(jiǎn)單的、最迅速的辦法(例如:字母、縮寫(xiě)、符號(hào)、甚至簡(jiǎn)要中文等)。如:
You will read:
When does the doctor NOT have office hours?
A. From one to four on Tuesday.
B. At seven on Friday.
C. At three on Wednesday.
You will hear:
M: When does the doctor have office hours? I haven’t been feeling well and I’d like to come in for a check-up.
W: On Monday, Wednesday and Thursday from one to four and onn Tuesday and Friday from six to eight.
你可以這樣做記錄:1,3,4——1-4 2,5——6-8
由于選項(xiàng)B,C在記錄的范圍內(nèi),而問(wèn)題中有NOT一詞,所以選A。
什么時(shí)候該做記錄呢?一般應(yīng)是和數(shù)字有關(guān)的題目,這一點(diǎn)可以從選項(xiàng)中預(yù)測(cè)。但大多數(shù)情況下,在聽(tīng)錄音之前未必知道內(nèi)容的復(fù)雜性,所以要靠平時(shí)訓(xùn)練,養(yǎng)成做記錄的好習(xí)慣,需要時(shí)就可以駕輕就熟了。
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