備考GMAT閱讀的三大解題原則

　　原則之一：文章結(jié)構(gòu)須清晰，段落用意要明了

　　認(rèn)識文章結(jié)構(gòu)和明晰段落用意是理解文章的'一個先決條件，那么我們該如何去對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行把握呢?GMAT閱讀文章的類型不外乎立論型和駁論型兩類，而立論型的文章又可分為現(xiàn)象解析型和問題解決型，駁論文章就是我們非常熟悉的觀點評價型文章。了解這一點以后，我們也就非常容易對任何一篇GMAT閱讀文章的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行把握，譬如，現(xiàn)象解析型的文章，文章中會給出某一現(xiàn)象，然后針對這種現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行分析，闡述，并最終得出一種觀點。下面我們?yōu)榭忌�截取了一個文章例子。

　　But since the mid-1970‘s, a different strategy has emerged. In 1977, 34 percent of government clerical workers were represented by a labor organization, compared with 46 percent of government professionals, 44 percent of government blue-collar workers, and 41 percent of government service workers. Since then, however, the biggest increases in public-sector unionization have been among clerical workers. Between 1977 and 1980, the number of unionized government workers in blue-collar and service occupations increased only about 1.5 percent, while in the white-collar occupations the increase was 20 percent and among clerical workers in particular, the increase was 22 percent.

　　What accounts for this upsurge in unionization among clerical workers? First, more women have entered the work force in the past few years, and more of them plan to remain working until retirement age. Consequently, they are probably more concerned than their predecessors were about job security and economic benefits. Also, the women‘s movement has succeeded in legitimizing the economic and political activism of women on their own behalf, thereby producing a more positive attitude toward unions. The absence of any comparable increase in unionization among private-sector clerical workers, however, identifies the primary catalyst—the structural change in the multi-occupational public-sector unions themselves. Over the past twenty years, the occupational distribution in these unions has been steadily shifting from predominantly blue-collar to predominantly white-collar. Because there are far more women in white-collar jobs, an increase in the proportion of female members has accompanied the occupational shift and has altered union policy-making in favor of organizing women and addressing women‘s issues.

　　上文中，作者先闡述一個現(xiàn)象：Since then, however, the biggest increases in public-sector unionization have been among clerical workers. 然后

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