松嫩平原地下水氟、砷的富集規(guī)律及影響因素研究

【摘要】 本論文依托中國地質調查局“東北地方病嚴重區(qū)地下水勘查及供水安全示范工程”和吉林省地調局“吉林省西部高氟、高砷區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境地球化學評價”項目。松嫩平原地下水原生水質不佳,是我國地方性氟、砷中毒病區(qū)。長期以來由于水質問題導致該區(qū)地下水資源緊缺,嚴重制約了社會經濟的發(fā)展。因此,為保證區(qū)域飲水安全,合理開發(fā)利用地下水資源,開展地下水中氟、砷中毒的研究十分必要。在資料收集、野外調查、樣品采集及測試分析的基礎上,應用水文地質學、水文地球化學的基本理論和方法,借助野外調查、測試分析及數據分析技術等,結合地質、地貌特點,開展了松嫩平原地下水氟、砷的分布特征及相關的水化學特征研究。在查閱大量國內外文獻的基礎上,結合項目組實測數據及對比國內氟、砷中毒地區(qū),分析了研究區(qū)地下水氟、砷的來源,歸納總結了影響兩者富集的因素,提出了典型區(qū)地下水氟、砷的富集特征進行了分析,建立了富集影響因素評價指標體系。在區(qū)域宏觀分析的基礎上,選取典型地區(qū)進行地下水中氟、砷富集特征及影響因素的總結。

【Abstract】 Songnen Plain is rich in groundwater resources,but the complexity of the problem of water quality,poor raw water quality,generally high fluoride area in diving is to the higher incidence of fluorosis in the world.In recent years,also found in the southwestern region of arsenic poisoning,the above-mentioned problems of water resources has fur- -ther exacerbated the contradiction between supply and demand.Therefore,for the rati- -onal development of groundwater resources and the prevention of endemic diseases,to carry out ground water fluoride,arsenic enrichment research imperative.In this paper,to participate in China established by the Board emphasized the "seri- -ous endemic area northeast of groundwater exploration and water safety demonstration project" and emphasized the Bureau of Jilin Province,"the western Jilin Province,high fluoride,high-arsenic geochemical evaluation of ecological environment," based on the completed project.In data collection,field investigation,sample collection and testing based on the analysis,the application of hydro-geology,hydro-geochemistry of basic theories and methods,using analytical techniques of mathematical statistics,3S tech--nology, analysis of the Songnen Plain groundwater fluoride,arsenic distribution cha--racteristics and chemical characteristics of water,combined with the project team compared the measured data and is similar to the domestic area,an analysis of the study area ground water fluoride,arsenic sources,summarized the impact of the two enrich--hment factors.Finally,select the typical area,extracted three typical fluoride,arsenic-rich characteristics and analyzed.The concentration of fluoride and arsenic in the well to explain the phenomenon,in turn,verified the rationality of argumentation in this article.Application of Kriging interpolation method,combined with geographic inform--ation systems and mapping software MapGIS6.7 software Suefer8.0,rendering the Songnen Plain groundwater fluorine,arsenic distribution and its characteristics are des--cribed. Songnen Plain groundwater fluoride content in the distribution of visible ban--ding, that is,from the basin center to the edge of the basin,from the shallow dive into deep water pressure,fluorine concentration by the high prevalence of low rule.Arsenic in groundwater exceeded the phenomenon is different from the universality of excessive fluoride,only to have the special characteristics of the geological environment in some areas,and focus on the 20～30m aquifers.Combination of geological,geomorphological characteristics,as compared with fluorine,arsenic concentration in different types of water chemistry characteristics, obtained with fluorine,arsenic-related chemical composition of the main water and related to each other.Found that correspond to the high-arsenic groundwater with high concentrations of total iron,re-carbonate,low sulfate concentration,and a greater Na /(Cl + SO4) ratios meq;high fluoride water chemical characteristics of clear water with high concentrations of The TDS,fluoride standards for nearly twice as much water;fluoride, arsenic concentration in groundwater at the same time,compared with other types of enrichment,and there are no special features of the hydrochemistry;high F,high-As groundwater,water chemistry types mostly HCO3 type,HCO3-Cl or Cl-HCO3 type.The study area combined with the geochemical environment and high-fluorine water, the distribution of high-arsenic water location,kind of testing the use of geotechnical data to investigate the groundwater fluoride,arsenic source material is the interpretation of groundwater fluoride,arsenic concentration is the basis of with the key.Songnen Plain source of fluoride in groundwater can be divided into primary sources and secondary sources,is the primary source of rock weathering through release of fluoride,fluoride secondary sources refer to the soil and the leaching of sedimentary rocks,and carbonate analysis balance the release of fluoride.Mineral rocks of groundwater by arsenic is the primary source of arsenic is also a major source;arsenic in the organism and ferromanganese nodules quality secondary enrichment,constitutes a secondary source of arsenic in groundwater,but alsoIs a direct source.Element fluorine and arsenic geochemical nature of the different elements to deter--mine the impact of two factors-rich groundwater,there is obviously different.On chec--king a large number of domestic and foreign literature on the basis of the measured data combined with the project team and contrast the domestic fluorine,arsenic poisoning areas, summarized the impact of groundwater fluoride,arsenic enrichment factor.High fluoride groundwater is in a particular geographical environment of the formation of these elements together for the natural environment,geological environment and the three types of human activities,the formation and distribution of contributions from a variety of factors with a superposition of the control.To date,the causes of arsenic contamination of groundwater was not yet fully recognized the same conclusion,but the impact of arsenic-rich have a common understanding of certain factors,including oxidation-reduction environment and role of microbial adsorption - desorption is a key factor.Available on groundwater fluoride,arsenic enrichment research literature and found that research is limited to spatial scales over most of the serious areas,only a portion of the article has taken over the region and non-comparative study of overweight,but it is limited to a simple comparison of the chemical characteristics of water.In this paper,fluorine, arsenic poisoning typical Tongyu county region Taonan city and its adjacent areas and dry County as an example,in-depth comparative analysis of different regions,different aquifer fluoride and arsenic enrichment,extraction of the three typical features,in source analysis and impact factor analysis on the basis of the study area combined with the specific geological and hydrogeological conditions are analyzed.The conce- -ntration of fluoride and arsenic in the well to explain the phenomenon,in turn,verify the groundwater fluoride, arsenic sources and analysis of influencing factors is reasonable.Compared with previous studies,this article more in-depth studies of the groundwater fluoride,arsenic sources and typical areas of concentration between the two characteristics of the rational development of groundwater resources and the prevention of endemic diseases have a certain significance.Limited to the stage of project work,the study area the lack of analytical data on sediment and rock test data,water chemistry data are also weak, on some of the points argued in this article do not fully take in the future to further validate the work of analysis

【關鍵詞】 松嫩平原; 氟、砷中毒區(qū); 地下水水化學特征; 富集規(guī)律; 影響因素
  松嫩平原地下水氟、砷的富集規(guī)律及影響因素研究

內容提要 4-8
第1章 緒論 8-14
    1.1 選題意義 8-9
    1.2 國內外研究現狀 9-12
        1.2.1 地下水中氟的富集規(guī)律研究 9-10
        1.2.2 地下水中砷的富集規(guī)律研究 10-11
        1.2.3 松嫩平原研究現狀 11-12
    1.3 主要內容及技術路線 12-14
        1.3.1 主要內容 12-13
        1.3.2 技術路線 13-14
第2章 研究區(qū)概況 14-20
    2.1 交通位置 14-15
    2.2 地形地貌 15-17
        2.2.1 地形 15
        2.2.2 地貌 15-16
        2.2.3 與氟、砷有關的微地貌 16-17
    2.3 氣候水文 17-18
        2.3.1 氣候 17
        2.3.2 水文 17-18
    2.4 地方病現狀 18-20
第3章 區(qū)域地質與水文地質條件 20-30
    3.1 地層 20-21
        3.1.1 前第四紀地層 20
        3.1.2 第四紀地層 20-21
    3.2 地質構造及新構造運動 21-24
        3.2.1 地質構造 21-22
        3.2.2 新構造運動 22-24
    3.3 水文地質概況 24-26
        3.3.1 東部和北部高平原水文地質區(qū) 24
        3.3.2 中部低平原水文地質區(qū) 24-25
        3.3.3 西部山前傾斜平原水文地質區(qū) 25-26
    3.4 地下水補給、徑流與排泄條件 26-30
        3.4.1 東部高平原 26-27
        3.4.2 中部低平原 27-28
        3.4.3 西部山前傾斜平原 28-30
第4章 松嫩平原地下水氟、砷分布及富集特征 30-49
    4.1 樣品的部署、采集與測試 30-33
        4.1.1 樣品的部署 30-32
        4.1.2 樣品的采集與測試 32-33 
    4.2 數據綜合分析方法 33-34
    4.3 松嫩平原地下水水化學特征 34-40
        4.3.1 地下水化學類型 34-35
        4.3.2 主要化學組分含量與分布特征 35-37
        4.3.3 與氟、砷相關的水化學特征 37-40
    4.4 松嫩平原地下水氟、砷的分布特征 40-44
        4.4.1 地下水中氟的分布特征 40-43
        4.4.2 地下水中砷的分布特征 43-44
    4.5 高氟、高砷區(qū)地下水氟、砷的富集特征 44-48
        4.5.1 典型地區(qū)的選取 44
        4.5.2 地下水中氟、砷的富集規(guī)律 44-48
    4.6 小結 48-49
第5章 地下水中氟、砷富集的影響因素及特征分析 49-72
    5.1 物源分析 49-54
        5.1.1 地下水中氟的來源 49-52
        5.1.2 地下水中砷的來源 52-54
    5.2 地下水中氟、砷富集的影響因素 54-66
        5.2.1 地下水氟的富集 54-59
        5.2.2 地下水砷的富集 59-66
    5.3 典型地區(qū)地下水中氟、砷的富集特征分析 66-71
    5.4 小結 71-72
第6章 主要結論和存在問題 72-74
    主要結論 72-73
    存在問題 73-74
參考文獻 74-78
攻讀碩士期間參與的科研項目 78-79
致謝 79-80
摘要 80-82
Abstract 82-84

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