巧用語法 靚化句子

        高考英語作文是對(duì)學(xué)生綜合素質(zhì)和英語水平的最直接反映。因此，寫好作文的每句話就顯得尤為重要。然而，筆者在批閱學(xué)生作文中卻發(fā)現(xiàn)許多學(xué)生的作文中充斥著大量的簡(jiǎn)單句，致使作文讀起來索然無味，毫無美感。那么，如何寫好令人眼前一亮的優(yōu)美句子呢？本文旨在通過列舉2010年各省市高考英語作文范文中精彩的高級(jí)句子來引導(dǎo)學(xué)生借鑒、模仿、掌握、運(yùn)用所學(xué)語法知識(shí)，以達(dá)到靚化句子的目的。
        一、 使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)
        被動(dòng)句的廣泛使用已成為英語語言的一個(gè)鮮明特色。因此，我們?cè)诰渥又袑W(xué)會(huì)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)就很有必要了。凡是在不必、不愿說出或不知道主動(dòng)者的情況下均可使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用，不但使句子符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，富有洋味，還會(huì)使人眼前一亮，使文章增色不少。而且，被動(dòng)句本身具有明確和突出主題的功能。在寫作中使用被動(dòng)句，使閱卷老師很容易抓住重點(diǎn)，保證了語意的有效順利傳達(dá)和交流。所以，使句子靚化，應(yīng)有意識(shí)的使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)這一語法知識(shí)。
        二、 使用非謂語動(dòng)詞
        非謂語動(dòng)詞是英語語法中特有的現(xiàn)象，也是高中英語語法的難點(diǎn)。非謂語動(dòng)詞的使用能使句子簡(jiǎn)潔高檔，增強(qiáng)句子的表現(xiàn)力，從而使文章增色，也能充分反映學(xué)生的英語綜合水平。寫好非謂語動(dòng)詞句，不但使語言地道、流暢、正式，而且能吸引考官眼球，提高印象分。因此，非謂語動(dòng)詞是靚化句子不可或缺的重要語法，高考作文中不可不用。
        三、 使用復(fù)合句
        復(fù)合句是高中語法的重點(diǎn)。名詞性從句打破了初中僅僅用名詞或代詞充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語和同位語的習(xí)慣模式，從而極大地豐富和擴(kuò)展了一個(gè)句子的容量。熟練使用名詞性從句就能有效減少重復(fù)使用簡(jiǎn)單句。定語從句的使用使句子飄逸、靈動(dòng)、多變，使句子極富文采。在高考作文范文中定語從句的使用最為廣泛，再次說明其在靚化句子中所起的不可替代的作用。狀語從句種類繁多，有些結(jié)構(gòu)也很復(fù)雜，若能正確使用，會(huì)對(duì)句子起到意想不到的靚化效果。 
        1. 名詞性從句
        ① We hope that you will accept our invitation if it is convenient for you.(全國(guó)卷)
        ② I regret to tell you that I can’t travel to Beijing together with you at the appointed time.(山東卷)
        ③After taking my temperature, my mother found that I had a high fever.(山東卷)
        ④It seems that many people can’t enjoy themselves without them.(安徽卷)
        2. 定語從句
        ① After dinner, I packed into the suitcase the things my grandparents need, such as clothes, glasses, an umbrella, and a map. The picture reminds me of those who succeed in unfavorable conditions.(北京卷)
        ② It’s a great honor for me to tell you something about our English club which last for two months. We divided ourselves into different groups which represented different countries.(湖南卷)
        ③ The tree you planted yourself is growing well.(陜西卷)
        ④ The decision, which aims to make all indoor public places smoke free, will come into effect from the first day of 2011. Currently China has about 350 million smokers, among whom 75% are men and 25%are women. Around 540 million people are affected by second-hand smoke, which causes 100 000 deaths per year. (廣東卷)
        3. 三類從句混合使用
        ① As a child, I always hoped that I could grow up as soon as possible so that I could have whatever I wanted and whatever I liked. Now I’m grow up, but I find things do not go as I expected. Although I can enjoy freedom, at the same time I realize that being a grown-up not only means this, but also more responsibilities.(四川卷)       ② I still remember how nervous I was on my first day in the new school three years ago, when I found it difficult to follow my teacher in the first English class. The teacher spoke English throughout the class, which was totally different from the lessons I had take before.(湖北卷)
        四、 使用特殊結(jié)構(gòu)
        特殊句式的使用改造了低級(jí)句式，使句子得到潤(rùn)色，更具洋味，而且在修辭上使句式靈活多變，使人眼前一亮，也吸引了閱卷老師的眼球，在整篇文章中也會(huì)起到畫龍點(diǎn)睛的靚化效果。因此，特殊結(jié)構(gòu)在靚化句子中的作用不可低估。
        1. 插入語
        ① I’m Li Hua, Chairman of the Students’ Union of Yucai Middle School, which is close to your university.(全國(guó)卷)
        ② I’m Li Hua, one of your students in China.(陜西卷)
        ③ Firstly, an effective way, I think, is to reserve water in a scientific way for future use.(福建卷)
        ④ On Saturday morning, together with my grandparents, I searched the Internet for the train schedule, the weather in Beidaihe, and some hotel information.(北京卷)
        2. 虛擬語氣
        ① He also suggested that we put off the traveling to Beijing when I told him our plan. If only I hadn’t swam in the lake! If only I weren’t ill!(山東卷)
        ② I suggest we have more English activities, such as English contests and festivals.(江蘇卷)
        ③ Therefore, it’s high time we did something about it.(福建卷)
        ④ However, if I had to give up one of them, I would turn off the TV rather than switch off my cell or cut off the Internet.(安徽卷)
        3. With復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
        The suitcase is a black mid-sized one, 80cm long, 40cm wide and 25cm thick, with my name tagged on the handle.(重慶卷)
        4. 倒裝
        Only by saying polite words can you get on well with others.(江西卷)
        現(xiàn)在的高考作文早已不滿足把意思表達(dá)清楚這一層次，寫出靚麗的高級(jí)句子已成為一種趨勢(shì)。因此，改造低級(jí)句式使之得到靚化勢(shì)在必行。所以在日常的教學(xué)中應(yīng)有意識(shí)地加強(qiáng)運(yùn)用所學(xué)語法知識(shí)于寫作句子中的訓(xùn)練，利用語法對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單句進(jìn)行加工、改造、擴(kuò)展、潤(rùn)色。

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