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雅思閱讀根據(jù)特殊符號猜詞的方法
導(dǎo)語:在閱讀考試中我們經(jīng)常會遇到陌生詞匯,很多同學(xué)都會利用上下文進(jìn)行猜測,但殊不知我們還可以從標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號推斷出正確答案。如果能有效地掌握這種方法,勢必能讓考生在考試中減輕壓力。
1、破折號
(1)雙破折號
雙破折號在文章中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn),它用來解釋說明第一個(gè)破折號前面的信息,當(dāng)這個(gè)信息是以生詞的形式表現(xiàn)出來的話,有了破折號也就不難理解了。再者,雙破折號的信息去掉,也不會影響句子的`整體意思。
、 Sometimes it is slow: vast bubbles of magma—molten rock from the mantle—inch towards the surface, cooling slowly… . (C4T3P2)
解析:“molten rock from the mantle”用來解釋“vast bubbles of magma”,即“地殼中的熔巖”。
② For the so-called power events—that require a relatively brief, explosive release of energy, like the 100-metre sprint and the long jump—times and distances have improved ten to twenty percent. (C4T4P1)
解析:“that require a relatively brief, explosive release of energy, like the 100-metre sprint and the long jump”用來解釋“power events”,即“力量型賽事”。
(2)單破折號
單破折是用來解釋說明其前面的信息的。
、 Half of the world’s 6800 languages are likely to vanish within two generations—that’s one language lost every ten days. (C4T2P1)
解析:“that’s one language lost every ten days”用來解釋vanish,表示的是lost,兩者意思相同。
② …you can see the rough outlines of what are called tectonic plates—the plates which make up the earth’s crust and mantle. (C4T3P2)
解析:“the plates which make up the earth’s crust and mantle”用來解釋“tectonic plates”,即組成地球地殼的板塊。
、 Whereas most exercises are designed to build up strength or endurance, plyometrics focuses on increasing power—the rate at which an athlete can expend energy. (C4T4P1)
解析:“the rate at which an athlete can expend energy”用來解釋“increasing power”,即“運(yùn)動員釋放能量的速度”。
2、插入語的雙逗號
句子中經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)插入語,即前后用逗號與整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分開的短語,句子結(jié)構(gòu),這個(gè)成份如果是做同位語成分的名詞短語或者非限定性定語從句,通常是用來解釋第一個(gè)逗號前面的`信息的。
Passive smoking, the breathing in of the side-stream smoke from the burning of tobacco between puffs or of the smoke exhaled by a smoker, also causes a serious health risk. (C3T1P2)
解析:如果學(xué)員不認(rèn)識“passive smoking”,逗號后有解釋,即“吸入抽煙者吞吐煙草燃燒的煙霧”。
3、括號
句子中出現(xiàn)的雙括號與雙逗號和雙破折號的'功能是一樣的,括號內(nèi)容用來解釋說明左半括號前面的名詞短語,不影響整個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。
(1)Some plastics are derived from natural sources, some are semi-synthetic (the result of chemical action on a natural substances). (C5T2P1)
解析:“semi-synthetic”即指(半合成品=天然物質(zhì)發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的產(chǎn)物)。
(2)…, in which phenol and formaldehyde (from wood or coal) were initially combined under vacuum inside a large egg-shaped kettle. (C5T2P1)
解析:“phenol and formaldehyde”即指(苯酚和甲醛,源自木頭和煤炭)。
(3)…and hexa, a compound of ammonia and formaldehyde which supplied the additional formaldehyde necessary to form a thermosetting resin. (C5T2P1)
解析:“hexa”即指(氨與甲醛的合成物)。
4、冒號
冒號在英語句子中也是起到解釋說明冒號前面信息的作用。
Typically, children do not end up on the streets due to a single reason, but to a combination of factors: a dearth of adequately funded schools, the demand for income at home, family breakdown and violence. (C4T3P1)
解析:根據(jù)前后之間的并列關(guān)系,可以推測dearth是名詞,且是貶義,相當(dāng)于lack、shortage、inadequacy、deficiency。
5、分號
分號用來連接前后兩個(gè)句子,相當(dāng)于適當(dāng)?shù)?ldquo;逗號+并列練習(xí)and,but或or+句子”。詞匯猜測時(shí),利用的'是分號前后兩個(gè)句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系是列舉、轉(zhuǎn)折還是選擇。
Some corpora attempt to cover the language as a whole, taking extracts from many kinds of text; others are extremely selective, providing a collection of material that deals with only a particular linguistic feature. (C4T3P3)
解析:根據(jù)前后之間的語境,判斷出“extremely selective”即指“不全面的,只是包含一部分的”。
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