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英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法名詞性從句
引導(dǎo)這些名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞包括:
從屬連詞that, if, whether;
連接代詞who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose;
連接副詞where, when, why, how。
其中, 從屬連詞只起連接作用, 在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句法成分,而連接代詞和連接副詞既起連接作用, 在從句中又充當(dāng)一定的成分.
That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising. (主語(yǔ)從句)
The fact is that he didn’t go to the dinner party. (表語(yǔ)從句)
I don’t know if he will attend the meeting. (賓語(yǔ)從句)
Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom? (同位語(yǔ)從句)
你聽(tīng)說(shuō)瑪麗要和湯姆結(jié)婚的消息了嗎?(that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句)
[提示]
在含有主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中, 為保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主語(yǔ),而將真正的主語(yǔ)從句置于句末.
It’s well-known that water is indispensable to life.(形式主語(yǔ))
2. 為保持句子平衡, that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句也常用it代替, 而將真正的賓語(yǔ)從句置于主句句末。這常常出現(xiàn)在主句有形容詞或分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的情況下。
He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here.
3. 從屬連詞whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句。whether可與or(not)連用, 而if不可以。
I don’t know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference.
4. that和what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別: that在從句中不充當(dāng)成分,而what在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分, 如主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。that可省略, what則不可省。
He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once.
5. 同位語(yǔ)從句大多由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo), 常跟在下列名詞后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位語(yǔ)從句一般用來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明這些名詞的具體含義和內(nèi)容。
We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms.
The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.
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