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英語(yǔ)單詞組成句子方法
導(dǎo)語(yǔ):方法一般是指為獲得某種東西或達(dá)到某種目的而采取的手段與行為方式。那么,如何用英語(yǔ)單詞組成句子呢?接下來(lái),小編將要給你們介紹英語(yǔ)單詞組成句子方法,希望對(duì)你們有幫助!
英語(yǔ)單詞組成句子方法
句子是由主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等組成的。英語(yǔ)句子有長(zhǎng)有短,有簡(jiǎn)有繁,似乎千變?nèi)f化,難以捉摸,但其實(shí)只有五種基本句型。所有英語(yǔ)句子都可以看成是這五種基本句型的擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。因此掌握這五大句型,是掌握其他各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。
英語(yǔ)句子依其組合方式可分為以下五種基本句型,句子成分的表示法為: S:Subject(主語(yǔ)), V:Verb(動(dòng)詞),O:Object(賓語(yǔ)), IO : Indirect Object (間接賓語(yǔ)), DO: Direct Object (直接賓語(yǔ)) , P:Predicative(表語(yǔ)), OC: Object Complement(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))。
五種基本句型見(jiàn)下表(S=主,V=謂,O=賓,P=表,IO=間賓 ,DO=直賓,OC=賓補(bǔ)):
種類 句型 例句
第1種 S+V We work. (不及物)
第2種 S+V+O He plays (及物) the piano.
第3種 S+V+P We are(系動(dòng)詞) students.
第4種 S+V+IO+DO She gave(及物) me a pen.
第5種 S+V+O+OC He made(及物) the boy laugh.
一、 第1種句型:S+V(主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞)
1、Birds fly. 鳥(niǎo)飛。
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ) (不及物動(dòng)詞)
2、He runs in the park. 他在公園里跑。
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ) +地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) (不及物動(dòng)詞)
此句型是“主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞”構(gòu)成句子的主體部分。因?yàn)槭遣患拔飫?dòng)詞,后面當(dāng)然不能帶賓語(yǔ)了,但是可以有狀語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾。例如上面例句中的 in the park就是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。
3、Class begins.(begin在句中是不及物動(dòng)詞)上課了。
比較:We begin our class at eight. 我們八點(diǎn)鐘開(kāi)始上課。
該句則屬于第2種句型,begin在句中是及物動(dòng)詞,由此可見(jiàn)有些動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞也可以作不及物動(dòng)詞。
只能當(dāng)不及物動(dòng)詞的詞(必背。
sleep 睡覺(jué) walk 步行 swim 游泳 happen(take place)發(fā)生
go去 come來(lái) work 工作 laugh 笑 stay呆在…… arrive 到達(dá)
二、 第2種句型:S+V+O(主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ))
My father read the book. 我父親讀過(guò)那本書(shū).
主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) (及物動(dòng)詞) 賓語(yǔ)
注意:有些不及物動(dòng)詞后面加上介詞就可把它看成一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,后面就可以加賓語(yǔ)了。如:
4、You must listen to me. 你必須聽(tīng)我的。 (Listen是不及物動(dòng)詞。但加上to之后,listen to可以看成一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。)
可以帶賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞,可以充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的有名詞和名詞的相當(dāng)語(yǔ)(如代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞及賓語(yǔ)從句)。 如:
5、She likes English. 她喜歡英語(yǔ)。(名詞作賓語(yǔ))
6、I know him very well. 我非常了解他。(代詞作賓語(yǔ)) (同第一種句型一樣,本句型可以有狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)修飾)
7、They want to go. 他們想走。(不定式作賓語(yǔ))
8、He stopped writing. 他停下筆。(動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ))
9、The teacher advised that we learn English well. 老師建議我們學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。(賓語(yǔ)從句)
三、 第3種句型:S+V+P (主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ))
10、He became a scientist. 他成為一個(gè)科學(xué)家了。
主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) (系動(dòng)詞) 表語(yǔ)
be動(dòng)詞和become是英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞,后面必須接表語(yǔ),才能用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ), 表示“……是……”,“……變成……”等意思。 表語(yǔ)通常是名詞或形容詞等。
11、They are honest. 他們是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。
12、He became a scientist. 他成為了一個(gè)科學(xué)家。
13、 His face goes red. 他的臉變紅了。
14、 It grew dark. 天變黑了。
注意 :在英語(yǔ)中,除了be動(dòng)詞和become屬于系動(dòng)詞外,還有一些實(shí)義動(dòng)詞在表示狀態(tài)存在或表示狀態(tài)變化時(shí)也可以作系動(dòng)詞。
這些詞有: keep保持, look看起來(lái), feel覺(jué)得, smell 聞起來(lái),
sound 聽(tīng)起來(lái), taste 嘗起來(lái),grow/get/go/turn 變得 remain 仍然是
四、 第4種句型:S+V+IO+DO (主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ))
15、He gave Tom a present. 他給了湯姆一件禮物。
主 謂(及物) 賓(間接) 賓(直接)
16、Give it to me. 把它給我。
謂(及物) 賓(直接) 賓(間接)
1)、及物動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí),后面要跟賓語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)分直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)。直接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象(參見(jiàn)第2種句型)。但有些動(dòng)詞,除了直接賓語(yǔ)外,還要求一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ),這個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)通常是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作所涉及的人或物,也可以說(shuō)是間接賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰(shuí)做的,或是為誰(shuí)做的,所以只能是名詞或賓格代詞擔(dān)當(dāng)。
17、We sent them a telegram. 我們給他們打了個(gè)電報(bào)。
主 謂 賓(間接) 賓(直接)
。 必背。┏щp賓語(yǔ)(直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ))的動(dòng)詞(分為A、B兩類):
A:動(dòng)詞后加to: give 給 show給……看 send寄,打電報(bào) bring帶……
read讀…… pass遞給…… lend借給…… leave留給…… hand交給…… tell告訴…… return把…還給… write給…寫(xiě)信
B: 動(dòng)詞后加for: buy給/為某人買(mǎi)… draw 替/給某人畫(huà)… make 為某人制作…
【秘訣】 “七給”“一帶”to不少, “買(mǎi)”“畫(huà)”“制作”for來(lái)了。
【說(shuō)明】常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞“七給”(give, hand,lend, pass, show, send, write)和“一帶”(bring)8個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,在直接賓語(yǔ)前置時(shí),必須在后面加上to。即:“vt.+sth.+to+sb.”。buy,draw,make三個(gè)動(dòng)詞,在直接賓語(yǔ)前置時(shí),則必須在后面加for,構(gòu)成“vt.+sth.+for+sb.”句型。
關(guān)于是否接to 或者接for ,一般都是語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣用法的問(wèn)題,英文中習(xí)慣怎么用,就應(yīng)該怎樣來(lái)用,沒(méi)有什么道理可講。 另外關(guān)于to, for 區(qū)分的基本原則: to (表示動(dòng)作對(duì)什么人而做), for (表示動(dòng)作為什么人而做) ,如: Read the first paragraph to me. 用to表示讀的動(dòng)作是對(duì)我而做的。本句的意思是:把第一段讀給我聽(tīng)。
五、 第5種句型:S+V+O+OC(主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
在此句型中的動(dòng)詞,叫做可以跟復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,在英語(yǔ)中,這樣的動(dòng)詞也不多。后面的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的情況的,賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起被稱做復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。這個(gè)句式是英語(yǔ)中比較復(fù)雜的一個(gè)句式,因?yàn)閺?fù)合賓語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成內(nèi)容較多。下面句子中劃線部分為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
1. He found his new job boring. (形容詞做賓補(bǔ))
2. The called their daughter Mary. (名詞做賓補(bǔ))
3. This placed her in a very difficult position. (介詞短語(yǔ)做賓補(bǔ))
4. We went to her house but found her out. (副詞做賓補(bǔ))
5. What do you advise me to do?(不定式做賓補(bǔ))
6. We thought him to be an honest man. (to be做賓補(bǔ))
7. He believed them to have discussed the problem. (不定式的完成式做賓補(bǔ))
8. He believed her to be telling the truth. (不定式的進(jìn)行式做賓補(bǔ))
9. Did you notice him come in?(不帶to的不定式做賓補(bǔ))
【秘訣】 不定式,作賓補(bǔ), 下列詞后省去to:
一“感”二“聽(tīng)”四“看見(jiàn)” 外加三個(gè)“小使役”, 保你永遠(yuǎn)會(huì)記住。
【說(shuō)明】“一感”指feel!岸(tīng)”指hear, listen to!八目匆(jiàn)”指notice, observe, see, watch。 三個(gè)“小使役”指have, let, make三個(gè)使役動(dòng)詞。在這些動(dòng)詞后有不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),不定式的符號(hào)to往往要省去。
10. I saw her chatting with Nancy. (現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ))
11. He watched the piano carried upstairs. (過(guò)去分詞做賓補(bǔ)) 注意:在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中,可以出現(xiàn)用it做形式上的賓語(yǔ),把真正的賓語(yǔ)放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的后面。在此結(jié)構(gòu)中,賓語(yǔ)常常是動(dòng)詞不定式或賓語(yǔ)從句。
1. He felt it his duty to mention this to her. 分析:it是形式賓語(yǔ),his duty是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),to mention this to her是真正的賓語(yǔ)。
2. I think it best that you should stay with us. 分析:it是形式賓語(yǔ),best是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),that you should stay with us是真正的賓語(yǔ)。
注意:
1. 習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)的使用 在英語(yǔ)中,有很多動(dòng)詞習(xí)慣用語(yǔ),在學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中,要注意它們的使用,不必分析單獨(dú)每個(gè)詞的使用。 例: We are short of money. (be short of中short做表語(yǔ))
She is always making trouble for her friends. (trouble做make的賓語(yǔ))
He has carried out our instructions to the letter. (our instructions做詞組carry out的賓語(yǔ))
We are waiting for the rain to stop. (wait for后面的the rain是賓語(yǔ),to stop是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
2. 在英語(yǔ)中,大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞既可以做及物動(dòng)詞又可以做不及物動(dòng)詞,而且還會(huì)有一些固定詞組,因此一個(gè)動(dòng)詞可以用于幾種句型。 例:ask:
、 Did you ask the price?(直接接名詞做賓語(yǔ))
、 She asked them their names. (接雙賓語(yǔ))
、 I asked James to buy some bread. (接賓語(yǔ)加不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
、 I asked to speak to Fred. (接不定式做賓語(yǔ))
、 Didn't you ask him in?(在此句中和副詞in連用) ⑥ He has asked for an interview with the President. (組成固定詞組ask for)
3. There be句型是一種特殊的'句子,真正的主語(yǔ)在后面,含義為“有……”
、 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)保持一致:There is a television in the sitting room.
、 有兩個(gè)或更多的主語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞一般和最近的一個(gè)保持一致:There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.
③ 主語(yǔ)的后面有時(shí)有修飾語(yǔ):There are a lot of difficulties facing us. There were many things to be done. (此處也可以使用to do).
、 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be可以有時(shí)態(tài)的變化: There will be a concert in the park tonight. There was little change in him.
、 謂語(yǔ)也可以有不定式構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。 There used to be a cinema here. There seems to be something the matter with her. Is there going to be any activity tonight?
⑥ there be句式變疑問(wèn)句,把be提前;變翻譯疑問(wèn)句也要借助there。 Is there any hope of getting the job? There is nothing wrong with your watch,is there?
⑦ there be句型中也可以使用諸如:live,follow,come,stand,sit,exist等不及物動(dòng)詞: Once upon a time, there lived a fisherman on the island. There came a knock at the door. At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.
、 用于非謂語(yǔ)的情況下,有時(shí)用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)there to be或動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)there being: You wouldn't want there to be another war. (不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)) The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework. (動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)) There being nothing else to do,we went home. (獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))
■鞏固性練習(xí)■: 請(qǐng)判斷下列句子的結(jié)構(gòu)類型
1. He is running.
2. The loud voice from the upstairs made him angry.
3. The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions.
4. She seemed angry.
5. My father bought me a beautiful present.
6. Why do you keep your eyes closed?
7. Will you tell us an exciting story?
8. We must keep our classroom tidy and clean.
9. I heard the baby crying in the sitting room. 10. Can you push the window open?
Health 1.健康的重要性。 2.如何保持身體健康。 3.健康比財(cái)富還重要。
It is clear that health is the foundation of one's future success. If you get sick, it is nearly impossible to pursue your career effectively, much less make your dreams come true. On the other hand, if you are stout and strong, you can go all out to overcome the obstacles that lie ahead of you.
Now that we know that health is the source of our energy, what should we do to maintain and enhance our health? First, we should exercise every day to strengthen our muscles. Second, we should keep regular reasonable hours. If we get up early, we can breathe fresh air. This habit can do wonders in our life. Third, there is a proverb that says, "Prevention is better than cure."
In short, health is more important than wealth. Those who are rich but love their health are no more fortunate than those who are poor. If you want your wish to come true, you should do exercise and keep fit. Health is the most important ingredient of your success. 健康
健康是一個(gè)人未來(lái)成功的基礎(chǔ),這是顯而易見(jiàn)的。如果你患了病,要想有效地成就一生的事業(yè)簡(jiǎn)直是不可能的,更不必說(shuō)夢(mèng)想成真了。另一方面,如果你身強(qiáng)力壯,你可以全力以赴克服面前的障礙
既然我們知道健康是能量的源泉,那么,我們?cè)撛鯓颖3趾驮鰪?qiáng)健康呢?首先,我們應(yīng)該每天鍛煉身體以強(qiáng)壯肌肉。其次,我們要保持規(guī)律的生活。如果早起,我們可以呼吸新鮮空氣。這個(gè)習(xí)慣能在我們的生命中產(chǎn)生奇跡。再次,有一句諺語(yǔ)說(shuō)得好:“預(yù)防勝于治療!
總之,健康比財(cái)富更重要。失去健康的富人并不比窮人好。如果你想要愿望成真,就應(yīng)鍛煉身體,保持健康。健康是你成功的最重要的組成部分。
The desire for good health is universal. In our competitive society it is important to maintain good health. On the one hand, people with good health can do work with full confidence and their progress in work in turn contributes to their health and happiness. On the other hand, a sick person is usually not interested in everything around him and therefore he loses many opportunities to become successful.
There are many ways to keep it. First, those who are always on the go from morning till night should find time to relax because too much stress will affect their health. Second, enough time should be left for sleep because that will help one become rested and refreshed. Finally, regular physical exercises benefit one's health a lot. So one should always keep in mind that a certain amount of exercise is not a waste of time
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